I-enema yinkqubo yokufaka uketshezi lwamanzi emgodleni ngenhloso yokuxilongwa noma ukwelashwa. Isingeniso emgqeni wezimpikhezo ezikhethekile ngenjongo yokwenza ucwaningo lwe-X-ray kuthiwa i-enema diagnostic. I-enema ekwelapha yindlela efanayo, lapho kusetshenzwa khona amalungiselelo okugcoba, ukuhlanza, okunomsoco kanye nokwelapha.
Imithetho yokubamba iqhaza.
Ukuze wenze ingane encane, i-cylinders encane ye-raber ifomu elimeyi-pear isetshenziswe, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-syringes. Ama-Douches afika ngamathiphu ama-plastiki aqinile noma amathiphu athambile we-rubber, afana nokuqhubeka kwe-syringe. Ama-Douches atholakalayo eminyakeni esuka ku-30 kuya ku-360 milliliters.
Ukwenza i-enema yomntwana okhulelwe kudinga amasu athile akhethekile okufanele ayenziwe. Okokuqala kudingekile ukuthi ubilise isiraphu imizuzu engu-30 ukuyihlobisa. Khona-ke udinga ukuthola inani elifanele lomswakama bese ugcoba indwangu yesirinji ngamafutha omuthi oyinyumba noma ukhilimu womntwana. Khona-ke kuyadingeka ukukhulula umoya kusuka kwipiringi - ngoba lokhu udinga ukuvula i-syringe tip up, futhi cindezela kancane phansi. Emva kwalokhu, ingane kufanele ibekwe eceleni kwesobunxele, iguqe imilenze emadolweni bese ixosha izintambo zayo ngaphandle, faka ngokucophelela intonga yesirinji ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ku-3 kuya ku-5 cm. Ekuqaleni komjovo, iphoyinti kufanele ithunyelwe (2 cm), futhi ngemuva kokudlulisa ama-sphincters angaphandle nangaphakathi , ekujuleni kwe-2 - 3 cm ejulile futhi, ngokucindezela kancane phansi kwe-syringe, uthele amanzi ngaphakathi kwe-rectum. I-sphincter ibizwa ngokuthi imisipha eyisiyingi ecindezelayo nokwandisa ukukhanya kwe-rectum.
Kubalulekile ukuqapha ukuphefumula kwengane, ngoba ukwethulwa kwamanzi okukhipha uketshezi kuqhutshwa kuphela ekuphuculeni. Ngemuva kokuphela kwenqubo, iphoyinti liphuma ngaphandle, futhi izintwana zomntwana kufanele zifakwe okwesikhashana ngomzuzu. Khona-ke kuyadingeka ukubeka ingane ngemuva, bese uvula kuqala ohlangothini, eduze kwesisu ukwenzela ukuthi uketshezi luhlakaze emathunjini.
Izingane emva kweminyaka emithathu yokuvumelanisa akwanele, futhi lapha ukuze i-enema isetshenziswe igug of Esmarch. Umug i-cylinder ye-rubber enekhono lama-1, 5 kuya ku-2 amalitha, axhumene nephoyinti yethubhu elide. E-tube kukhona ukuphoqa okhethekile, noma iphepheni yokulawula izinga lokudla okuketshezi. Ngemuva kwe-enema, ingane kufanele ilale ezindaweni ezahlukene (ngemuva, izinhlangothi, isisu) imizuzu engu-10 ukuthuthukisa i-peristalsis.
Izinhlobo ze-enemas.
- Ukuhlanza i-enema yezingane.
Ukuhlanza ama-enemas asetshenziselwa ukuphazamiseka kokugaya (ukubhubhisa, ukuqothulwa), ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa kwezidakamizwa, ngaphambi nje kokucwaninga kwe-digestive tract.
Ukuhlanza i-enema kuqukethe ubilisiwe, kuhanjiswe ekushiseni kwamanzi angu-33 - 35C. Inani lemanzi ye-enema yokuhlanza lithembele ngokuqondile kwisisindo nesikhathi somntwana. Ukulingana kunendlela elandelayo: kuze kube semkhatsini wonyaka 30-60 ml; kusuka ezinyangeni ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-12 - kufika ku-150 ml; kusukela ngonyaka owodwa kuya eminyakeni emibili - kufika ku-200 ml; Iminyaka emibili kuya kwemihlanu - 300 ml; Iminyaka engu-5 - 9 - 400 ml, kanye neminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi - 0, 5 amalitha. Izingane ezindala zingasebenzisa amanzi kancane kancane.
Ukwandisa umphumela we-enema yokuhlanza ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-1 ubudala, engeza amafutha emifino emanzini noma okungaphezulu kwe-1 isipuni se-glycerin.
Uma kwenziwa ukuhlanza okudingekayo ukukhumbula: uma kwenzeka isifo esibucayi (appendicitis, ukuvimbela, ukunamathela), izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-rectum, i-purmative enemas ziphikisana.
- Ukuphumula ukuphumula.
Izingane ezindala ziphathwa ngokunciphisa ukulungiswa okubangelwa ukugxilwa kwemisipha yamathumbu. I-enemas enjalo ingaba yi-glycerin namafutha - isisekelo samafutha salezi zimbangela senza ukucasuka kwe-mucosa emathunjini, kuqinisa i-peristalsis yayo futhi kuhlinzekela inqubo yesilonda sokuthutha. I-enemas enjalo ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni ukuvuvukala emathunjini.
I-enema ephumuzayo iqukethe ama-40 - 180 ml wamafutha yemifino afudumele, noma ama-5 - 10 ml we-glycerin ahlanzekile. Amahora ambalwa emva kwalesi enema, isihlalo sibonakala. Uma i-enema isenziwa kusihlwa, isihlalo sizoba ekuseni kakhulu.
Okuhlukile kwe-enema ye-laxative yisisombululo se-10% se-salin etafuleni (10 g usawoti ngamanzi angu-100 g). Inema enjalo idonsa amanzi futhi ihlanza amathumbu. Uma kukhona i-peristalsis engabonakali, engabambi ekugqugquzelweni kwesitokisi (nge okuthiwa i-atonic ukuqothulwa), le-enema ihambisana kahle.
- Imithi yokwelashwa nokudla okunomsoco.
Uma usebenzisa imithi yokwelapha, kusetshenziselwa ama-catheter akhethekile, okuvumela ukuba ujobe ngokunembile inani lemithi ene-syringe. I-enemas yezokwelapha yenziwa imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengu-40 kuphela emva kokuhlanza i-enema, ukuqinisekisa ukuxiliswa okuphelele kokwehlukana kwezidakamizwa ngamathumbu.
Ngokuhlanza okuqhubekayo, kwenziwa izinyathelo ezinomsoco. Zinezixazululo ezihlukahlukene ze-saline nezixazululo ezibuthakathaka ze-glucose.