Umlando omncane: ukuthi izibuko ezibukwayo zivele kanjani
Ngisho nabaseGibhithe lasendulo bazi ukuthi ilanga eliqondile lilimaza impilo yamehlo. Babesebenzisa i-papyrus edayi ekhethekile ukuze bavikele ubuso namehlo elanga elishisayo laseGibhithe. Futhi ethuneni likaFaro Tutankhamun ngisho nesibonakaliso sezibuko zanamuhla zitholakale - umklamo oqukethe amapulangwe ezethusi owaxhuma izingcezu ezimbili ezinhle kakhulu ze-emerald. Kodwa namanje ama-progenitors okuqala wezibuko zanamuhla avela eChina lasendulo. Ama-lenses ayewungilazi, okwakwenziwa nge-quartz esebhemayo. Lezi zibuko zivikelwe kahle kusukela elangeni elikhazimulayo, eliphuphuthekisa.
Izibuko zazivuselelwa njalo, kodwa kwakungekho ukukhiqizwa okukhulu. Zenziwe ngama-haberdasheries nezibuko, futhi zathengiswa ematayini emakethe evamile. Ezingxenyeni ze-XVI zaqala ukwenza ama-jewelers. Babevame ukukhiqiza amapuleti angenapulangwe amatshe ayigugu, futhi achotshoziwe. Ngosizo lwalolu lukhuni, ama-lens wezibuko aqala ukukhanya. Kodwa amaphuzu anjalo ayengakhokhiswa kuphela ekilasini elicebile.
Futhi kuphela ekhulwini lama-XX, izibuko zelanga zasinda inguquko yangempela. Ngisho nasekuqaleni kwezingilazi zekhulu leminyaka ukuvikela amehlo emisebeni yelanga kwakuyinto engavamile yezimpahla, ilungelo labantu abacebile. Ukukhiqizwa kwabo, izimpondo, uphondo, izinsimbi eziyigugu namatshe asetshenziswa. Ngomnyaka we-1920, bekukhona nje ukukhukhumeza ekuthandeni kwalesi sesekeli, lapho uCoco Chanel wayenakho isandla. Kodwa noma kunjalo, izibuko zelanga zaziba izimpahla zabathengi kuphela kuma-50 ekhulwini lokugcina.
Indlela yokukhetha izibuko zokukhanya ezilungile
Ukukhethwa kwamaphoyinti akuxhomeke kuphela kumklamo owuthandayo. Kunezici eziningi okumelwe zicatshangelwe: kokubili ubukhulu obufanele, nokuma okuhambisana nezici zesimo, ngisho nombala wamehlo! Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ukukhanya kwamehlo akho, kuzwela kakhulu ku-ultraviolet. Futhi konke ngenxa yokuthi inani elincane lezinhlayiya ze-pigment e-cornea livumela ukukhanya okungaphezulu emehlweni. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo ekukhanyeni ukukhetha izibuko ngezinga eliphakeme lokuvikelwa. Ungabakhetha kanjani?
Yiqiniso, ungathembi kuphela kwilebuli "Ukuvikelwa kwe-UV". Iningi lezinhlobonhlobo ezithengiswa emgwaqweni, imakethe ngisho nesikhungo sokuthenga ngemali encane ayinayo izihlungi ze-UV ezimangalisa. Izibuko ezinjalo empeleni azigcini nje indima yazo, kodwa ziholela ekulimazeni kweso. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izibuko ezimnyama zilinganisela ukukhanya okufika emehlweni, kodwa akuvikeli emisebeni ye-ultraviolet! Umfundi "ucabanga" ukuthi yonke into ihlelekile, iyanda futhi ivumela imisebe eminingi ye-ultraviolet ukungena ngaphakathi. Uma ukhetha izibuko, kubalulekile ukunaka ukuthi izibuko zinezigqoko ezinhle zokuphikisa. Ngakho-ke, lapho kubonakala ukukhanya okuncane, imisebe yelanga igxila emalangeni amnyama ibe umfundi ohlanjululwe, futhi ingabangela ukushisa kwe-retinal. Ngakho-ke izibuko ezinezingubo ezimbi zokungabonakali zifaka isandla ekuhlosweni kwamehlo, zingaholela ekuhloleni ikhanda futhi zingahambi kahle.
Futhi, umbala wama-lens udlala indima enkulu emazingeni okukhanya wekhwalithi. Yiqiniso, okukhethwa kukho okungcono kakhulu umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka wama-lens. Ama-lense wombala oluhlaza awuphelelanga imisebe ye-ultraviolet ne-infrared.
Ama-lens amhlophe akuvumela ukuba ubone imibala ngokwemvelo. Kodwa izibuko ezinezifomvu ezibomvu, ze-orange kanye neziphuzi eziphuzi zandisa ukucindezelwa kwe-intraocular, kubangele ukuphazamiseka kwezindlela ezihamba ngayo umthamo wegazi.
Kukhona nama-lens photochromic ngesiliva. Babizwa nangokuthi "ama-chameleon", ngoba babumnyama kancane kancane, njengoba ukukhanya kokukhanya kukhula. Lokhu kufiphisa kancane kancane kunikeza ukuvikeleka okuphambene kakhulu emehlweni.
Njengoba unqume umbala, qaphela ukwaziswa kwe-lens. Ziyizingilazi nepulasitiki. Noma iyiphi i-glass lens igcina imisebe ye-ultraviolet, ngaleyo ndlela ivikela amehlo. Kodwa izibuko nama-glass lens aziphephile. Bangakwazi kalula ukulimaza nokulimaza amehlo akho. Amalensi e-plastiki aqinile kakhulu kunezingilazi. Zenziwe nge-plastic noma polycarbonate plastic. Ngisho noma ama-lens epulasitiki aphukile, ama-fragments avela kuwo aphephile kunezingcezu zama-glass lens. Ukuphazamiseka kwamalensi epulasitiki ukuthi inkomba yokucubungula yepulasitiki ingaphansi kwaleyo ingilazi. Futhi iphlastiki ayinamathela kancane kunengilazi futhi isheshe yanyuka. Uma ushiye ukukhetha kwakho ngama-plastic lens, sicela wazi ukuthi kuphela ama-lenses eplastiki ephezulu angabizi angakhusela imisebe ye-ultraviolet.
Uma ukhetha izibuko, kufanele uqaphele ifreyimu. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ukuhamba kwamapayipi ekhaleni. Uma ziqinile kakhulu, khona-ke kukhona ukucindezela okuqinile ebhuloho lempumu, okungabangela ukukhathala ngokushesha. Amathempeli akufanele afake ukucindezela ku-whisky, noma endaweni engezansi indlebe. Ubukhulu bawo kufanele buhambelane ncamashi nebanga ukusuka emgqeni kuze kube sekugcineni kwendlebe.