Kuyini ukushisa?
Ngakho-ke, ake siqale ngombono. Inqubo yokulawula ukushisa komzimba ngokuvamile ishintshwe ngegama elilodwa elihle - i-thermoregulation. Ebuchosheni kukhona isikhungo esikhethekile esibhekene nomthetho wokushisa komzimba. Amaseli esikhungo se-thermoregulatory athola amasignali avela kumaseli akhethekile wezinzwa ezibizwa ngokuthi i-thermoreceptors. I-Thermoreceptors itholakala cishe kuzo zonke izitho nezicubu, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke esikhumbeni. Isikhungo se-thermoregulatory sabantu sinobucayi, sakhiwa ngamaqembu amabili amangqamuzana. Abanye banomthwalo wokukhiqiza ukushisa, abanye banomthwalo wokudlulisa ukushisa. I-metabolism yomuntu ihambisana nokukhiqizwa kokushisa. Lokhu ukukhiqizwa kokushisa. Kusukela ekushiseni okukhiqizwayo, umzimba kufanele ulahlwe - kuhanjiswa ukushisa. Njengoba izinga lokushisa komzimba womuntu lizinzile, lokhu kusho ukuthi empilweni, kungakanani ukushisa okuzokwenziwa, okuningi futhi kulahlekelwe. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kokushisa nokudluliswa kokushisa kusezindaweni yokulingana okuzinzile, futhi iningi elikhulu labantu lokhu kubhaliswa kubonakala ngenombolo 36.6 ° C.
Yikuphi ukushisa okungabhekwa njengokujwayelekile kumntwana?
Ukushisa komzimba wengane kuhluke kohlobo lomuntu omdala. Ngokwesibonelo, intsha enempilo inesilinganiso esingu-0.3 C ngaphezu kokushisa komzimba komama. Ngokushesha ngemva kokubeletha, izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyehla ngo-1-2 C, kodwa emva kwamahora angu-12-24 likhuphukela ku-36-37 ° C. Ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokuphila akuzinzile futhi kuxhomeke kakhulu ezintweni zangaphandle (ukulala, ukudla, swaddling, air parameters). Noma kunjalo, ububanzi bokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kwe-diurn kulesi sikhathi aludluli u-0.6 CC, futhi ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3 kufinyelela ku-1 C. Izifundo eziningi zibonisa ukuthi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ukushisa komzimba okungaphezu kuka-0.3 -0.4 C.
Kungani ukushisa komzimba kuphakama?
Izizathu zokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa zingaba eziningana, isibonelo, ngokuzikhandla okukhulu (ukukhishwa kwemisipha ngenkuthalo kubangela ukushisa okukhulu okwesikhashana, umzimba ongawulahli), uma ukushisa okuvamile okushisa kuphukile (ingane igqoke kakhulu, igumbi lifudumele kakhulu) . Kodwa ngokuvamile kuvame ukushisa komzimba, uma kukhona okuthinta isikhungo sokushisa. Ngaphansi kwalokhu "into" yizinto ezifihliwe eziphilayo - izinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo ezenza ukwanda kokushisa komzimba. AmaPirogens yizinxusa ezibangelwa ukwelashwa okuningi (amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, i-protozoa, ama-parasites). Phakathi nendawo ye-thermoregulation, i-pirogens ibonakala isetha izinga elisha (hhayi 36.6 , futhi, isibonelo, i-39 ° C), lapho umzimba uqala ukulwa khona, okokuqala, ngokukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kokushisa (ngokuqalisa ukusebenza kwe-metabolism noma ukubangela ukuthuthumela), futhi okwesibili, ngokunciphisa ukudlulisa ukushisa (ukunciphisa ukujikeleza kwegazi esikhumbeni, ukunciphisa ukukhiqiza ukujuluka).
Ukuqonda ukuthi yini ingane egulayo, uma izinga lokushisa lomzimba landa?
Ukuphakama kwamazinga okushisa ngenhla kuvamile kungenxa yezizathu ezithile. Sithinte kakade kwezinye zazo - ukushisa, ukutheleleka, ukuvuvukala, ukuhlukumezeka, ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, ukuqubuka, nokusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile, njll. Khumbula ukuthi ukukhuphuka kokushisa komzimba kungenye yezimpawu, ngemuva kokuhlaziya abanye, udokotela uthola ukuxilongwa. Futhi ezimweni eziningi kakhulu, kusobala:
1. izinga lokushisa + isifo sohudo = ukutheleleka emathunjini;
2. izinga lokushisa + ubuhlungu endlebeni = i-otitis;
3. izinga lokushisa + snot nokukhwehlela = ukutheleleka okubangelwa ukutheleleka kwesandulela ngculaza, noma i-ARVI (ngokuvamile imbangela evame kakhulu yomkhuhlane ezinganeni);
4. Ukufudumala + nokuvuvukala kwezinsini = amazinyo anqunywa;
5. izinga lokushisa + ukushisa nge vesicles = inkukhu;
6. I-temperatura + idla kakhulu ubuhlungu, emqaleni, i-abscesses = emqaleni.
Into eyinhloko engingathanda ukuyihlobisa abazali bakho: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kutholakala kanjani ukuthi ukuxilongwa kungase kubonakale kuwe, udokotela kufanele aqhubeke esinika igama lesi sifo, futhi udokotela okumele anqume ukuthi lokhu kutholakala futhi sekubizwa ngokuthi ugula kanjani!
Ekushiseni okuphakeme, ukusebenza kwephagocytosis kwanda. I-Phagocytosis yikhono lamaseli athile omzimba omzimba - ama-phagocytes - ukuthatha nokugaya ama-microorganisms, izinhlayiya zangaphandle, nokunye okunjalo.
Ukushisa komzimba okwandisa kuholela ekunciphiseni kokudla, ukugqugquzela uhlelo lokugaya ukudla ukulwa nama-infectious agents.
Ukushisa okukhulayo kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza komsebenzi. Indlela enhle yokugcina amandla futhi uyithumele esiteshini esifanelekile.
Ukushisa okuphakanyisiwe komzimba kuzisa abazali ngesifo, kuvumela ukulinganisa ukuvuthwa kwesimo futhi ngesikhathi esifanele sokulungisa usizo lwezokwelapha.
Ukushintsha kwezimpawu zokushisa komzimba kunamaphethini athile ngezifo eziningi nasezigabeni ezithile zesifo. Ulwazi lala maphethini lunikeza ukuxilongwa okufanele.
Ukushisa komzimba kuyinkomba ebalulekile yezinkinga zesifo kanye nokuphumelela kokwelashwa. Futhi noma yini esiyisho lapha, kuningi okubi ekushiseni okuphezulu.
Yini engalungile ngokukhulisa izinga lokushisa?
Okokuqala, kungukuzwa okungajabulisi: kuyashisa, bese kubanda, bese uvuka, bese izinyo zingatholi izinyo - ngokujwayelekile, okuchazwe lapha, abazali abaningi be-"charm" fever babe nethuba lokuzibonelela.
Ukushisa komzimba okwandayo kuvuselela ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi omzimba. Okokuqala, ngoba ukuphefumula kuyashesha, futhi ngenxa yalokho, uketshezi oluthe xaxa kulahlekelwa yi-humidification ye-air inhaled, futhi, okwesibili, ngoba kukhona ukujuluka okuveziwe. Lokhu kulahlekelwa okungavamile, okwedlulele ngokweqile (okubizwa nangokuthi ukulahlekelwa kwe-pathological) kuholela ekwandeni kwegazi. Ngenxa yalokho - ukwephulwa kwegazi ezithombeni nasezikhungeni eziningi, ukumelela kwamakhanda amancane, ukwehla ekusebenzeni kwezidakamizwa.
Ukushisa komzimba okwandisa kakhulu kuthinta ukuziphatha kanye nomzwelo wengane: ukukhala, ukuzithemba, ukuqonda, ukungathandi ukuphendula izicelo zabazali. Konke lokho, kuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa: okungenani ingane enezinga eliphansi lokushisa ukukholelwa ukuphuza imithi kulula kakhulu.
Ukushisa komzimba okwandisa kubangela ukwanda kwesidingo somzimba we-oksijeni - cishe zonke izilinganiso zokushisa ngaphezu kwesijwayelekile, isidingo se-oxygen sanda ngo-13%.
Isici esithile sesimiso sezinzwa zezingane ezincane (kuze kube seminyakeni engaba mihlanu) - izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphakeme lingabangela ama-cramps. Ama-cramps anjalo avamile, abuye athole igama elikhethekile elithi "i-febrile seizures" (kusukela e-Latin febris - "fever"). Kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-febrile kuphakeme kakhulu ezinganeni ezinezifo zesimiso sezinzwa.
Ukushisa okwandayo komzimba wengane kuyinkinga enkulu kubazali bayo. Lolu lwazi alukwazi umjikelezo obanzi womphakathi womzali, ngakho-ke, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwezingane ngokuvamile kuvame ukwesaba futhi ukuphawula okuningi nokusetshenziswa kwamagama "kukhishwe", "kulahlekile", "kushiyiwe empilweni" ... Ukusabela okungafaneleki kwengqondo kungenza ukwelashwa okusebenzayo ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, isimo esingenakuqhathaniswa futhi esivame ukulimala. Isimo sesabeka sikapapa nonina, ngokuzikhethela noma ngokuzithandela, sithinta izenzo zodokotela ophoqelelwe ukuba anikeze imithi engekho kangako ukunciphisa t mperatury isidumbu sengane, kanjani ukuze kukhawulwe izinkanuko.
Ngabe izinga lokushisa kufanele liphathwe nini?
Akuyona imfihlo kunoma ubani (umuntu omdala noma ingane - hhayi ngokuyisisekelo) unezinguquko ezihlukahlukene zokushisa emzimbeni. Kunabantwana abaye bagxuma, bagxume futhi babuzwe ukuthi badle ku-39.5 C, futhi kukhona ukukhala, ukulala nokuhlupheka ngendlela ngayinye ku-37.5 S. Ingane imbi, kodwa i-thermometer iboniswe kuphela ku-37.5 C. Yini i-thermometer ephathelene nayo? Kumntwana kubi - ake siwusize (ie ukusebenzisa imithi). Noma umkhuhlane unomthelela kakhulu ekuziphatheni kwengane: ungondli, ungaphuzi, ungabeki ... Masinciphise izinga lokushisa lomzimba futhi sizoxoxa.
Futhi, inothi eliqoka ukwelapha izidakamizwa kufanele libe udokotela!
Ungasiza kanjani ingane engenamkhuhlane ngaphandle kwemithi?
Akumangalisi ukuthi saqala le ngxoxo ngezincazelo kanye nokuchazwa kwezinqubo ze-thermoregulation. Manje kuyacaca: ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lokushisa ngendlela engokwemvelo, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kokushisa nokwandisa ukudlulisa ukushisa. Nazi izindlela ezimbalwa zokufeza lokhu:
Umsebenzi wamandla ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kokushisa, kuyilapho kufundwa ngokuthula kokuhlanganyela noma ukubukwa kwezithombe kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kokushisa ngokufanele.
Ukukhala, ama-hysteric kanye nezindlela zomzwelo zokucacisa ubuhlobo banda ukhiqizwa kokushisa.
Ukushisa okuphezulu kwemoya ekamelweni lapho ingane ephakeme khona izinga lokushisa lomzimba cishe li-20 ± 25 C, elinama-18 ° C lingcono kune-22 ° C.
Umzimba ulahlekelwa ukushisa ngokusebenzisa ukwakheka nokuqhuma okulandelayo ngemva kokuthuthumela, kodwa ukusebenza okuphumelelayo kwalendlela yokudlulisa ukushisa kungenzeka kuphela uma kukhona okuthuthumelayo. Akumangalisi ngalokhu kuxhumano ukuthi ukulethwa kweziketshezi ngesikhathi esifanele emzimbeni kungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokusiza ngokukhuphula izinga lokushisa komzimba. Ngamanye amazwi, isiphuzo esiphundu. Kunokuba uphuze ingane? Ideal - okubizwa ngokuthi ama-rehydrating agents for administration of oral. Imithi enjalo ithengiswa kuma-pharmacy (isibonelo, Gastrolit, Hydrovit, Glukosolan, Regidrare, Regidron). Zine-sodium, i-potassium, i-chlorine nezinye izinto ezidingekayo emzimbeni. Ipowder, ithebhulethi noma ama-granules ahlanjululwe ngamanzi abilayo, futhi kutholakala isisombululo esilungile. Ngabe ungayinika kanjani enye isiphuzo kumntwana? I-tea (emnyama, eluhlaza, elula, ne-raspberries, i-lemon noma ama-apula aqoshiwe); ukuqoqa izithelo zomisiwe (ama-apula, omisiwe, ama-apricot omisiwe, umlimi); decoction of omisiwe (isipuni semifino esomile igcwele amanzi 200 abilayo ngamanzi ashisayo).
Yiba nempilo!