Isikhukhula 2016-2017: yiliphi uhlobo lwegciwane kulindeleke (ukuchazwa kwe-WHO). Izimpawu kanye nokwelapha umkhuhlane kubantwana nakubantu abadala

Inani elikhulu labantu abadala nezingane bahlushwa igciwane lesandulela ngculazi njalo ngonyaka. I-Russia namazwe amaningi eNyakatho Hemisphere, lesi sifo sivame ukwenzeka ngenkathi ebandayo, lapho umzimba womuntu ungaphansi kokuvikelwa kwezifo ezehlukene. Ngokusho kwezifo ze-epidemiologists, umkhuhlane we-2016-2017 uzozibonakalisa ngokuzikhandla ngoNovemba-Disemba walo nyaka, nakuba izimpawu zesifo kubantu abanegciwane elingagcini zingagcinwa kuze kufike entwasahlobo. Noma kunjalo, ungesabi. Ukuvimbela ngesikhathi esifanele nokuphathwa kahle kuzovumela ukuthi kudluliswe lesi sifo ngemiphumela encane ebantwini abadala nabantwana bezwe lethu.

Isibikezelo se-Flu for 2016-2017 - yiziphi izinhlobo igciwane kulindeleke

Ukuze silungiselele isifo esiwumkhuhlane wegciwane esifundeni esithile, le nkinga inakekelwa kusengaphambili. Njengomthetho, umhlangano wekhomishana yangasese neyomshayabhuqe uqhutshwa ekupheleni kwehlobo, lapho sekukhona ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana negciwane kanye nendlela yokwelapha okuhlinzekwa ochwepheshe be-World Health Organization.

Amathuba kanye nemvelo yesifo esiwumshayabhuqe inqunywa ngesisekelo sokuhlola lesi sifo nokuqapha ukusabalala kwayo emhlabeni. Ngokusho kwebikezelo se-WHO ekwindla nasebusika 2016-2017 emazweni eNyakatho Yezwe Elisha izinhlobo ezilandelayo zegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kulindeleke:

• I-A / H1N1 (eCalifornia 04/2009) Lona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomkhuhlane, okubangela izifo ezinkulu zezifo. Ngemuva kuka-2009, lapho lesi sifo sishaya izakhamuzi eziningi zaseNyakatho Melika, igciwane labizwa ngegama elithi "California 04/2009". Ngaphandle kwegama lezokwelapha, i-H1N1 ibizwa nangokuthi "ingulube yengulube" ngoba ayithinti abantu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezilwane eziningi, ikakhulukazi izingulube ezifuywayo. Kubantu abaningi, i-H1N1 ivela ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezilandelayo, ngisho nangabe kungekho mithi enzima. Nokho, ukunganaki le gciwane kunoma yikuphi okwenzekayo akunakwenzeka. Ifomu elibi lesi sifo libhekene ne-pneumonia ephuthumayo eqhubekayo, engaholela ekufeni ngokungabikho kokwelashwa okufanele ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-24 okuqala ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu.
• I-H3N2 (A / Hong Kong) Lolu hlobo lwe-influenza lwahlukaniswa ngo-2014 phakathi nobunzima obuningi eHong Kong phakathi kwabantu abadala nabantwana. Ingozi enkulu ikhona "ekujwayeleni okuncane" kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba ngalesi sifo. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwezokwelapha, i-H3N2 ibonakale ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene zegciwane, izinyoni ezilimazayo ikakhulukazi. Njengoba ukungavikeleki kule sifo kubantu cishe kungekho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ugonywe ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi kulabo okuthiwa yiqembu eliyingozi - izingane kanye nabantu beminyaka yobudala bomhlalaphansi. Phakathi kwezinkinga ezibangelwa i-H3N2 flu, izifo ezifana ne-bronchitis ne-pneumonia, ezidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo. Futhi, kungase kube nokucindezeleka kwesifo sokuphefumula kwesifo sofuba nesifo senhliziyo.
• B / Brisbane Leli gciwane liyingxenye ye-influenza B. Yatholwa kuqala ngo-2008 edolobheni lase-Australia laseBrisbane kanti namanje lingabokungahloliswanga kahle. Ukubona lokhu ukutheleleka kunzima ngenxa yezimpawu eziphelele. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akumelwe ukhathazeke ngakho, ngoba umkhuhlane B ungengozi kakhulu kunezinkinga zeqembu A. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lwesifo luyekezeke kalula kokubili abadala kanye nezingane, aludingi ukwelashwa okujulile, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ibhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu.

Isibikezelo somkhuhlane we-2016-2017 kusuka ku-epidemiologists sichaza ukuthi izifo ezinkulu ezingalindelekile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akukwenqabe isidingo sokuqina nokuvuselela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, ikakhulukazi ukucabangela ukuguquguquka okuqhubekayo kwegciwane futhi ngezinye izikhathi umphumela ongalindelekile wokwelashwa kwesifo.

Umkhuhlane 2017: izimpawu ezisemqoka kubantu abadala

Ukunquma uhlobo oluthile lomkhuhlane ngezimpawu akunakwenzeka, njengoba izinkinga ezahlukene, njengombuso, zinesifo esithile esifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqina kwalokhu noma ezinye izibonakaliso akuxhomeke kuphela kulesifo, kodwa futhi nesimo somuntu jikelele. Ezinye zezimpawu zomkhuhlane zifana nezifo ezijwayelekile zokuphefumula ezivamile kubantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa lokhu ukutheleleka kusuka ku-ARVI ne-ARI. Izimpawu ezisemqoka zomkhuhlane kubantu abadala ziyi:

• high fever (39-40 degrees) nomkhuhlane;
• ubuhlungu obuhlungu emisipha kanye namalungu;
• ikhanda elibi;
• ubuthakathaka jikelele, ukungakwazi ukugxila emicabangweni nasezenzo ezithile;
• ukuvuvukala kwe-mucosa iso;
• ukukhwehlela owomile kuhambisane nokungahambi kahle esifubeni;
• coryza noma pharyngitis.

Izinwele kanye nomkhuhlane ophezulu yizimpawu ezisobala zomkhuhlane kubantu abadala

Ukungena emzimbeni, okokuqala igciwane aliveli. Isikhathi sokufakelwa ukuvuthwa ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingu-3-5, lapho kungekho khona izimpawu. Lesi sifo sihlala cishe ngesonto, kodwa ngisho nangemva kokuphela kokwelashwa umuntu uzizwa evilaphayo futhi ekhathele, futhi ngalesi sikhathi sithandwa kwezinye izifo. Kubantu abadala lokhu kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu, kusukela esemdala izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu zomkhuhlane zivame ukwenzeka, ngezinye izikhathi zihambisana nesicanucanu nokuhlanza.

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane kanye ne-ARVI ezinganeni

Kusukela endaweni yokucabanga kwengqondo, noma yimuphi umuntu omdala ubhekana nokugula kwakhe kalula kunokugula kwezingane zakhe. Kusukela ekukhuleni komzimba wezingane kuzobe kunoma yikuphi ukuhlaselwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kubaluleke kakhulu phakathi nale nkathi ukuhlala ezolile futhi wenze ukwelashwa ngokuhambisana neziphakamiso zikadokotela. Kulesi simo, abazali kufanele bazi ukuzihlukanisa ngokuzimela izimpawu zomkhuhlane kanye ne-SARS elula ezinganeni. Izimpawu zezingane ze-SARS:

• ukushisa komzimba kuze kufike kuma-38 ° C (ukuphakama okungavamile);
• ukudakwa komzimba kubuthakathaka;
• inhlalakahle jikelele iyanelisayo;
• ukukhwehlela kunciphisa, kubonakale ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala kwesifo;
• impumu ebonakalayo ephuthumayo, iphumu elivame kakhulu;
• ukubomvu komphimbo (enye yezimpawu ezisemqoka).

Izimpawu ze-Influenza ezinganeni:

• ukushisa komzimba ngaphezu kuka 39 ° C (kungadlulela izinsuku ezingu-3-4, naphezu kokwelashwa);
• ukuphuza ngokweqile komzimba, okuvezwa yi-chills, ukujuluka, ikhanda, isiyezi, ama-aches emajoyini;
• ukukhwehlela kwenzeka ngosuku lwesibili-2, kuhambisane nobuhlungu esifubeni;
• impumu egijima ayibonakali ngokushesha futhi kaningi ayifani njengaleyo efana ne-ARVI;
• ukubomvu okunokwenzeka kwamehlo.

Ukushisa okuphezulu kwengane kufanele kube yisibonakaliso sokwelashwa okuphuthumayo. Uma ingane ivame ukudumaza ngenxa yomkhuhlane, umphimbo wakhe ubuhlungu, futhi izinga lokushisa ligcinwe ngo 37-38 ° C noma lingekho, lezi zibonakaliso ezisobala zokutheleleka okubangelwa igciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Ukutheleleka kwe-viral ejwayelekile nakho akubonakaliswa nokuphazamiseka kwesigubhu sezinsi, okuvame ukutholakala ezinganeni uma kwenzeka umkhuhlane we-H1N1. Omunye umehluko ezimpawu ze-influenza kanye ne-ARVI ezinganeni yilohlobo lwesifo. Esikhathini sokuqala, ukuqala kwalesi sifo kuhlale kulukhuni, kanti ukutheleleka okunamandla kokuphefumula kwesifo sofuba kuvame ukuqhubeka kahle.

Ukwelashwa komkhuhlane wegciwane 2016-2017 kubantu abadala kanye nezingane

Njengoba kuyaziwa, ukuvimbela kungcono ukwelashwa. Ukuze uzivikele emkhuhlane, kufanele ulandele izincomo ezilandelayo:

1. Ngesikhathi esifanele ukwenza ukugoma. Njengoba i-antibodies yokuqala ikhiqizwa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10, kungcono ukufaka inoculate okungenani inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala okulindelekile kwalesi sifo.
2. Gwema izindawo zezixuku ezinkulu. Ikakhulukazi kule ndaba, izindawo eziyingozi zasendlini - ezimweni ezinjalo, igciwane liyadluliselwa ngokushesha kusuka kumuntu ogulayo kuya enempilo.
3. Landela imithetho ejwayelekile yokuhlanzeka: geza izandla zakho, sebenzisa indebe yakho kuphela, isipuni, ipuleti kanye nethawula.
4. Ventilate ekamelweni futhi wenze ukuhlanza okumanzi okungenani izikhathi ezingu-2 ngosuku.
5. Thuthukisa isimo jikelele somzimba ngokusebenzisa nokuthatha ama-multivitamini.

Ukugoma okufika ngesikhathi kunenza izimpawu zesifo zibe nzima futhi kunciphisa kakhulu ukwelashwa. Uma lesi sifo sakwazi ukubhekana nokuzivikela komuntu, ukwelashwa komkhuhlane wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kuzo zombili izingane kanye nabantu abadala kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa okuqinile kodokotela. Ingcweti kuphela ezokwazi ukunquma ukuthi yimiphi imithi ezoba nokusebenza ngokwanele esimweni esithile somtholampilo, nokuthi yiluphi uhlelo lwezokwelapha okumelwe lulandelwe. Phakathi nomkhuhlane, kubalulekile ukuhambisana nokuphumula kombhede. Mhlawumbe, kubantu abadala umsebenzi onjalo uzobonakala unzima, unikezwe isidingo sokuthatha ikhefu lokugula okungenani ngesonto. Noma kunjalo, ayikho enye indlela yokwelashwa kwalesi sifo. I-influenza ethintekayo iyingozi kakhulu ezinkingeni zayo, ezingathinta ukusebenza komzimba wokuphefumula, wezinhliziyo kanye nemisipha. Endabeni yeH1N1, ukunganaki ukuphumula kombhede kungabulala. Nakuba, njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, izazi azibikezeli noma yiziphi izifo eziwumshayabhuqe ezingaphelele ekupheleni konyaka futhi ekuqaleni konyaka ozayo, uma kwenzeka izimpawu zokuqala, kubalulekile ukunamathela ezinconyweni zokuvimbela nokwelashwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kubantu abadala nasezingane. Ngesimo sengqondo sokuqaphela impilo yakho siqu nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanelekayo, umkhuhlane we-2016-2017 futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, izinkinga zayo zingase zikudlulele.

Izimpawu nezindlela zokwelapha umkhuhlane