U-Ernest Hemingway, i-biography

U-Ernest Hemingway ungumlobi odumile waseMelika. I-biography yakhe iyathakazelisa futhi iyingqayizivele, futhi ithalenta izomangaza njalo. U-Ernest Hemingway, owakhe u-biography owaqala u-21 ukukhishwa ngo-1899, washiya imisebenzi eminingi lapho izigidi zabantu zifundwa khona. U-Ernest wazalelwa e-Oak Park, idolobha elincane eliseduze neChicago. U-Ernest, ongu-biography othakazelisa izazi eziningi zokubhala, wayehlala emndenini okhuliswe kakhulu. Abazali bakhe kusukela esemncane bazama ukuhlakulela umfana kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Kusukela esemncane, u-Hemingway wahamba ezingela noyise, wavakashela amadolobhana aseNdiya. Ubaba wazama ukumfundisa ukuba athande imvelo futhi abe nesithakazelo ekuphileni okumangalisayo kwamaNdiya. Umdala uHemingway, owaziwa ngokuthi ungumuntu owaba ne-ethnography, wayefuna kakhulu indodana yakhe endala ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe. Emndenini weHemingway, izizukulwane eziningana zalowo dokotela kwakuyizinyanga, abahlala emphakathini kanye nabahambi bezithunywa zevangeli.

Unina ka-Ernest Hemingway, ongu-biography owawufani nokayise, wayefisa kakhulu ukudweba nokucula. Ngenkathi esebenzile ekuqaleni kwakhe eNew York Philharmonic, kanti nakuba okwamanje efundisa ukuhlabelela esontweni lesonto, akazange akhiphe ukulangazelela kwakhe umculo. Ngakho-ke, u-Ernest omncane wafunda ukudlala i-cello futhi aqonde umdwebo. Yiqiniso, njengoba siyazi, i-biography yakhe yayihlukile, kodwa, nokho, umlobi wayehlale ekwazi ukuhlukanisa izithombe ezinhle nomculo omuhle. Kwezinye izindaba, uHemingway wasebenzisa izithombe zabazali bakhe njengezibonelo zabalingiswa bakhe. Yiqiniso, i-biography yabo yenze ushintsho oluthile, kodwa izici eziyinhloko zomlingani nobuhlobo phakathi kwabo, kanye nesimo sengqondo kuso, singabonakala ezindabeni eziningi zakuqala.

Umlobi wafunda esikoleni esihle kakhulu edolobheni lakhe. Yilapho ayifaka khona uthando ngolimi lwayo lwazo kanye nezincwadi. Esikoleni, wasebenza ephephandabeni nasemagazini, lapho akwazi ukubhala izihloko zakhe zokuqala, futhi azizame ngendlela efana nezinganekwane. U-Ernest wayenguye osemusha owayezama ukufeza yonke imiphumela kuphela. Wayengumphathi nomqeqeshi weqembu lesikoleni, wanqoba emincintiswaneni yokubhukuda nokudubula, waba umhleli wephephandaba lesikole. Umlobi ozithandayo weHemingway eminyakeni yakhe yesikole wayenguShakespeare.

Lapho u-Ernest esesikoleni, umlobi uBong Landner wayefake imfashini kulezi zindawo. Yilokho umlobi omncane ezama ukulingisa imizamo yakhe yokuqala yokubhala ipeni. Futhi njengoba uLardner ephawulwe ngokungahloniphi kwakhe nokucabanga okukhululekile, u-Ernest naye wabhala ngesitayela esifanayo, okwenza ukuba uthisha weklasi avame ukutholwa umhloli ngokukhululeka okufanayo komfundi wakhe.

Ngo-1916, iphephandaba lesikole lanyathelisa izindaba ezintathu zeHemingway, okufanele zihlukaniswe nomsebenzi wakhe wokuqala. Leli yindaba ethi "INkantolo yeManitou" (isisekelo sabantu bendabuko baseNdiya, indaba ikhuluma ngokubulawa komzingeli omdala wezingane), "Umbala" (lokhu kulandisa kuvela kumuntu okhulile okhulumela umkhondo) othi "Sepia Ginggan" (uhlobo lomlando ngomuntu waseNdiya ngubani okhuluma ngenja yakhe kanye nogwayi, ngezinye izikhathi akhumbula ukubulawa kabuhlungu komuntu owake wamcasula).

Kakade kulezi zindaba ungabona izici zokuqala nezici ezihlukile kolwazi lokubhala oluvela eHemingway.

Phakathi namaholidi ehlobo u-Ernest uvame ukubalekela ekhaya. Wenza kanjalo ngesizathu esisodwa esilula - wayefuna ukubona umhlaba ngamehlo akhe. Ukuphila endlini yakhe kwakumnandi, kodwa okuvamile, futhi umfana wayefuna ukubona futhi afunde okuthile okukhethekile. Ngakho wahamba waya kwamanye amadolobha, wasebenza njengomshini wemoto noma umlondolozi emigwaqeni yasemgwaqeni futhi wabheka abantu abahlukene. Izithombe eziningi zazo zithathwe njengezibonelo zezindaba zakhe. Kodwa ebusika u-Ernest waya eChicago, lapho afunda khona ibhokisi. Lapho, naye wakwazi ukubona izinhlamvu eziningi ezithakazelisayo ezivela emhlabeni wezemidlalo kanye nezwe lamafiya. Lezi zinhlamvu nazo zaba amaqhawe ezindabeni zakhe.

Ngo-1917, iMelika yangena empini yokuqala yezwe, kanti uHemingway wayefuna nje ukujoyina ibutho, kodwa ngenxa yokungaboni kahle kwakungazange kuthathwe. Akazange aye enyuvesi. Kunalokho, waya emsebenzini ephephandabeni lesifundazwe eKansas. Yilapho lapho lo mfana efunda khona amakhono ayisisekelo omsebenzi wezintatheli futhi ngokusekelwe kulokhu wabhala "imiyalo eyikhulu yephephandaba".

Ngemuva kwalokho, uHemingway yafika phambili, nakuba ingekho isosha, kodwa isifo sosizo lwezempilo. Wafinyelela phambili e-Italy, ngokushesha wathuthela emasotweni ashaqisayo futhi wathola imindeni emibili ngesibindi. Ibutho laqinisa le nsizwa, kodwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, yamlethela izimpikiswano eziningi, okwakushiwo uHemingway kamuva ukuthi "Hamba Ngezikhali! ".

Ngemuva kwempi, umlobi wasebenza isikhathi esithile ephephandabeni, kepha ekugcineni wabona ukuthi kunzima ngaye ukutshala uhlaka lapho umhleli ebeka khona futhi abhale ngalokho angakuboni ukuthi kuyathandeka futhi kuyadingeka. Ngakho-ke, umlobi washiya u-journalism, wathatha umsebenzi wokudala. Yiqiniso, okokuqala kwakunzima kuye, kodwa akazange alahlekelwe inhliziyo futhi waqhubeka ebhala. Ngenxa yalokho, ngenxa yokusebenza kanzima nekhono lokubhala ipeni, ngo-1925 umlobi wabhala leveli "Futhi ilanga liphuma". Nguye, okwakushicilelwa ngo-1926, okwenze ukuthi uHemingway ihlonishwe umhlaba. Kuze kube ngumnyaka wamashumi amathathu, umlobi wadala izincwadi ezine ezithandekayo, bese-ke i-US yaqala inhlekelele, eyabeka isithunzi sayo emsebenzini kaHemingway. Futhi nakuba ayehlala ngaleso sikhathi eYurophu, umlobi wabona konke okwenzekile ezweni lakhe lakubo.

Ngo-1929, umbhali waphindela e-United States, ngoba ngisho nangaleso sikhathi wabona ukuthi i-fascism yazalwa kanjani futhi engafuni ukuhlala lapho, yathuthela eFlorida. Ngo-1933 wanyathelisa iqoqo lakhe lesithathu lezindaba ezincane "Umnqobi Akanayo." Le ncwadi iphinde ihlanganise izindaba ezivela eminyakeni ehlukene. Lo mjikelezo wawubonakala ngokusabalalisa nokuphelelwa ithemba. UHemingway wazizwa engumfokazi ezweni lakubo, emva kweminyaka eyishumi ehlala eYurophu.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, umlobi waphinda waya phambili. Imayelana nempi ukuthi izindaba eziningi zezindaba zangemva kwempi nezindaba. Yiqiniso, impi yaphula umlobi osekhulile. Wazizwa ukuthi maduze impilo yakhe izophela. Eminyakeni yamuva, wahamba waya ezindaweni zakhe zendawo futhi wabhala izindaba zakhe zakamuva. Ngobusuku bukaJulayi 2, 1961, umlobi ohlakaniphile uHemingway akazange abe. I-biography yakhe yayingavamile kakhulu futhi iyathakazelisa ukuthi ayikwazi ukufakwa esihlokweni esisodwa noma ngisho nencwadi yonke. Wayengumuntu ohloniphekile, umlobi wezentatheli kanye nomlobi owashiya ingcebo eminingi yokubhala phansi esizukulwaneni esilandelayo.