Izindlela zokwenza ucwaningo zanamuhla zenza kube lula ukuthola isimo sempilo yakhe ezingeni le-chromosomal - ngisho nasesibelethweni sikamama. Yiziphi izinzuzo zokuthola isifo sokubeletha ngaphambi kokubeletha, ingabe kuchaza izingozi zempilo yomama nengane engakazalwa? Ucwaningo lwesandulela ngculaza lwesikhathi esizayo luzovumela umama ukuba azizwe eqiniseka ukuthi umntwana wakhe unempilo.
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kwabesifazane abakhulelwe
Noma yimuphi umndeni olindele umntwana usezinkingeni futhi ungabaza. Ukubaxosha, ukuqinisekiswa kwabazali besikhathi esizayo, ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kungenzeka ngesikhathi futhi kwenziwa ngokucophelela. Kuyini? Odokotela, igama elithi "ngaphambi kokubeletha" lichazwe igama elithi "ngaphambi kokubeletha". "Ukuhlolwa" kuvela ngesiNgisi kuya esikrinini futhi kuhunyushwa ngokuthi "ukuhlunga". Le ndlela yokuxilongwa isetshenziswe emhlabeni iminyaka engu-25 edlule. Okubalulekile ukuthi ukhethe kusukela enani labesifazane abakhulelwe ngokunembile labo abadinga ukuhlolwa kokubeletha okuphelele. Ezingeni le-chromosome, indlela ikuvumela ukuba ucacise ukuthi yini isimo sompilo wengane yakho engakazalwa? Ukuhlolwa ngokuyinhloko kuhloswe ekuvimbeleni i-pathologies evamile yokubeletha: Izifo ezisehla, izifo ezingenayo i-neural tube (i-hydrocephalus, i-herne umgogodla we-spinal cord, njll), ukulimala kwangasese kwesisu esiswini, izifo zenhliziyo ezingenayo, izinso nezinye izinto ezingavamile kakhulu i-fetus. Kungani izifo ze-Down zifika kuqala kulolu hlu?
Ngenxa yokuthi phakathi kwezinsana kwenzeka kaningi, imvamisa yayo e-Ukraine naseRussia yinye icala lababelethi abangu-750 kuya ku-800. Ucwaningo lwesandulela ngculazi lwekusasa lomntwana lusiza ukulwa nalesi sifo ekuqaleni.
Noma yimuphi owesifazane okhulelwe okhathalela umbuzo: Ingabe ingane yami iphilile? Ukukhulelwa, ukwenqaba ngamabomu ukungenelela emzimbeni - futhi ungumnikazi nengane, noma labo abangayikuphazamisa ukukhulelwa, ngisho noma kukhona okungavamile emndenini wengane.
Ukuhlukumeza okuningi ekuthuthukiseni ingane engakazalwa kungatholakala ngemva kwamasonto ayi-11 okukhulelwa.
Uma uhlola ukuqala kwe-trimester (kuze kube amasonto angu-14), ukunemba kokuxilonga kungu-90%, futhi okwesibili (amasonto angu-15-16) - 60%.
Ukuze uqinisekise ngokugcwele ukungasebenzi kwe-chromosomal enganeni, inqubo evumayo kufanele yenziwe ngokushesha (izindlela zokuxilongwa ngokugcwele, kufaka phakathi ukungenelela kwezokwelapha kumama nengane), ngisho ngaphandle kokuhlola imiphumela. Umphumela ojwayelekile awuwona isiqinisekiso esingu-100% sokuzalwa komntwana onempilo. Kungani udinga ukubalwa kwekhompyutha?
Ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela yesifundo sangaphambi kwesikhathi sokubeletha kwengane kanye nokuhlolwa ngaphandle kokubalwa komshwalense engozini yokubeletha ngokungajwayelekile kwe-chromosomal akuyona imininingwane. Ngeshwa, ezinye iziguli zithatha izivivinyo ema laboratories bese ziza kudokotela ngemiphumela ngaphandle kokubala ingozi. Esimweni esinjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuhlola ukuthi umama usengozini.
Futhi akuyingozi?
Izindlela zokuhlola kanye nokufunda ngaphambi kokubeletha kwezingane ezizayo zizocwaninga ngokuphelele. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene zokukhulelwa. Njengamanje, kubonakala ngokucacile ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kwezifo ze-chromosomal ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa kuphumelela kakhulu, kusuka emavikini angu-11 ukuya kwangu-14. Ngendlela, iminyaka yobudala kufanele ihlolwe hhayi ngosuku olulindelekile lokukhulelwa, kodwa kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lwenyanga eledlule. Zonke izinkomba zokuhlola zifakwa ohlelweni olukhethekile lwekhompiyutha, oluhlanganisa nobudala besifazane, isisindo sakhe, umlando wokukhulelwa kwangaphambili nokubeletha. Emva kwalokhu, uhlelo lwekhompiyutha lubala ingozi ngayinye yokuba nengane ene-chromosomal engavamile. Futhi uma iphakeme, odokotela abanjalo bangancoma izindlela ezinjalo ezinembile zokunquma isethi ye-chromosome ye-fetus: i-chorionic villus biopsy, i-amniocentesis ene-amniotic fluid kanye ne-cordocentesis (kulokhu, hlola i-umbilical cord blood of the baby).
Iyiphi indlela yokuxilongwa kanye nesifundo sokubeletha kwengane esizayo esizayo?
Ukufundwa kwe-villus chorion (i-placenta yesikhathi esizayo). Yenziwa kusukela emavikini ayishumi okukhulelwa. Ivumela ukunquma ukutholakala / ukungabikho kwezifo ezinkathini zokuqala. Ingozi enkulu yokukhipha isisu (2 - 3%). Iziguli ezinengozi enkulu yokuba nomntwana onokukhubazeka kwe-chromosomal.
Amniocentesis yokuxilonga
Lenziwa ngamasonto angu-16-17 okukhulelwa. Amaseli e-Fetal "ayantantayo" ku-amniotic fluid ayahlolwa. Inqubo yindlela ephephile yokugcina ukukhulelwa, ingozi yokukhipha isisu ayidluli ku-0.2%. Isikhathi eside ngokwanele sokukhulelwa. Kuthatha amasonto amabili ukuthola umphumela.
Iziguli ezinengozi enkulu yokuba nengane enezinto ezingavamile.
Ubani cordocentesis enconyiwe
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-Fetal. It is hhayi hhayi ngaphambi kwamaviki 20. Ukuphumelela kokuthola umphumela kungcono nakakhulu ekukhulelweni kwesikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ingozi enkulu yezinkinga, ngakho-ke, ayivame ukusetshenziswa. Abomama abanengozi enkulu yokuba nengane enezinto ezingavamile ze-chromosomal.
Yeka ukuthi kuyingozi kangakanani ukungenelela okungenangqondo kanye nokutadisha ingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokubeletha komama nengane?
Izifundo eziningi ziqinisekisa ukuphepha kwalezi zinqubo, uma nje udokotela eqeqeshiwe kakhulu futhi kungekho ukuphikisana ngesikhathi sokufunda. Uma, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izinkinga zenzeka, udokotela wenqabe ukufeza izinyathelo.