Ukuntula insimbi emzimbeni wesifazane okhulelwe noma i-anemia ingenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu abesifazane "abasesikhundleni". Ngokwezibalo, cishe wonke owesifazane okhulelwe okhulelwe unesisindo esanele somzimba wegazi noma ukuntuleka kwe-hemoglobin. Ezingama-95-98% zamacala, lesi sifo sihlobene nokuntuleka emzimbeni wensimbi, okuyingxenye ye-hemoglobin. Lokhu kuthiwa yi-iron enormous anemia kanye nesigameko saso phakathi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe seye kwanda cishe eminyakeni engu-7 eminyakeni eyi-15 eyedlule.
Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi ababoni ukuthi kubalulekile ukuphulukisa i-anemia, kanti iziguli eziningi zivele zinganaki umonakalo wokuthi i-anemia ingaletha impilo. Kodwa engozini hhayi kuphela impilo kamama, kodwa isimo ngisho nokuphila kwengane yakhe engakazalwa. Indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuntuleka kwensimbi yizinga le-hemoglobin namaseli abomvu ahambisa umoya okwemzimbeni wonke. Njengokuba akekho okwazi ukuzizwa enhle futhi enempilo egumbini elinyathelisiwe, elingenalutho elingenalutho nangomoya onomoya ongcolile, futhi zonke izitho kanye nezicubu ze-anemia azikwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile ngenxa yenkomo ye-oxygen. Abavele bengakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ngokugcwele.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, isimo siyinkimbinkimbi yokuthi iqiniso lokuthi omama ababili kanye nengane ezayo sebevele behlupheka: ukungabi khona kwe-oxygen kubonakala ngesikhathi esisodwa ezinhliziyweni ezimbili, izinso ezine, ama-pair of eyes, njll. Imfuneko eyinhloko yokuthuthukiswa kokuntuleka kwensimbi emzimbeni wesifazane okhulelwe yisidingo sokwanda kwalesi sigaba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Yini oyidingayo insimbi?
I-iron iyisici esibaluleke kakhulu esilandelayo esangena emzimbeni womuntu ngokudla. Ukudla okunokuqukethwe kuka-2000-2500 kcal, kudliwe emini, kuqukethe u-10-15 mg wensimbi, kodwa ngeshwa, kusukela emthonjeni wamathumbu, akukho ngaphezu kuka-2 mg ongangena egazini - lokhu kungumkhawulo wokumunwa kwalesi samaminerali. Kanye nalokhu, we-2 mg we-iron engena emzimbeni nsuku zonke, ingxenye eyodwa kuphela idliwe futhi isuke idonswa emcinini, izinhlanzi, ke-ke nge-epithelium yesikhumba, ngokulahlekelwa izinwele. Ukwengeza lokhu ukulahlekelwa yensimbi ngezindleko zokwakheka kwe-hemoglobin (cishe 400 mg phakathi nokukhulelwa) kwemisipha yentuthuko ye-fetus kanye ne-placenta (300 mg) nokuhlangabezana nezinye izidingo zalesi sici esilandelayo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nokulahlekelwa yensimbi ngesikhathi sokubeletha (230 mg) ukondla umntwana! Kusobala ukuthi ngokusatshalaliswa okunjalo, ngokuvamile isidingo sensimbi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kakhulu sidlula amathuba okubambelela ekudleni, okuyisizathu sokuntuleka kwensimbi emzimbeni wesifazane okhulelwe.
Kungani ngidinga insimbi emzimbeni wesifazane okhulelwe?
Umthwalo emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokubeletha kwengane ukwandisa izikhathi eziningana. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukuphefumula kuyashesha, izinso zisebenza ngamandla kakhulu ukuqinisekisa izinqubo zemisebenzi ebalulekile yomama ne-fetus. Kodwa ukuze uqaphele lo mbuso owandisiwe, u-oksijeni owengeziwe nawo kudingeka. I-oksijeni nayo ingathunyelwa ngezicubu kuphela ngosizo lwe-hemoglobin, elitholakala kumaseli abomvu e-red - erythrocytes. Ngomthwalo okhulayo emzimbeni, isidingo sakhe se-oksijeni, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngensimbi siphakama.
Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi, ngokuya nokukhula kwe-fetus, isibeletho sikhula, inombolo kanye nobukhulu bezinsimbisi zomzimba ezenza isisu zikhula. Futhi insimbi iyisici esibalulekile samathambo ensimba. Ngakho ngokukhula kwesibeletho, isidingo sensimbi siphakeme. I-Iron nayo idingekile ukwakheka kahle kwe-placenta, lapho izidingo ezibalulekile ze-fetus zigcwaliseka khona.
I-iron nayo iyadingeka ekuthuthukiseni imisipha nezinye izicubu ze-fetal. Sekuyi-trimestre yokuqala yokukhulelwa, ukwakhiwa kwesistimu yegazi lomzimba kanye negazi lesisu liqala, futhi ngenxa yalokho, isidingo sensimbi sanda futhi.
Izinto ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa kokuntuleka kwensimbi:
1. Izinga elincane lezinsimbi ezitholakala emzimbeni wesifazane ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi:
- ubudala besifazane okhulelwe (abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala nangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35);
- ukudla okunomsoco onomthamo we-vitamin ophansi ekudleni;
- ukuphazamiseka komuthi wesisu, isibindi, okuvimbela ukumunca kwensimbi kanye nokuthutha kwawo ezithombeni nasezikhungeni;
- ukugula okunzima nokude;
- izifo ze-hormonal kanye nokukhulelwa kwe-hormonal;
- isikhathi esinzima nes / isikhathi eside;
- izimo ezithile zomzimba (i-myoma uterine, endometriosis);
- ukuphuma kwegazi njalo, njll;
- utshwala obungapheli.
2. Ukukhulelwa okuningi. Kuye, isidingo sokudla imikhiqizo namalungiselelo ensimbi aphezulu kakhulu kunalokho uma kuzalwa ingane eyodwa.
3. Isikhathi esanele phakathi kokukhulelwa nokubeletha. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukubeletha nokulayishwa, owesifazane ulahlekelwa ngu-1 g wensimbi (700-900 mg). Inani elinjalo lokulahlekelwa lingabuyiselwa ngokuphelele emva kweminyaka engama-4-5 kuphela. Yingakho, lapho ukukhulelwa okulandelayo kwenzeka ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, kunamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa ukungabi nensimbi noma i-anemia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo ngeke senzeke kowesifazane onabantwana abangaphezu kwezine.
Izimpawu ezisemqoka zensimbi ye-anemia
- Ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala, ukulala;
- Ukulahlekelwa kwememori nokusebenza;
- Isizungu, ama-asterisks phambi kwamehlo nokukhanda;
- Izinguquko ze-Sharp ukunambitha nokuphunga (uqala ukuzwa iphunga elibukhali, njenge-acetone, i-benzene, uhlangabezana nesifiso esingenakulinganiswa sokudla isikhokithi, umuthi wokugcoba, njll);
- Ukulahlekelwa isifiso;
- Isikhumba esikhulayo kanye nezibungu ezinamanzi;
- Ngesikhumba esomile, ukuqhuma kwezindebe, izintende zezandla nemifino ngezinye izikhathi kubhekwa;
- Ukuqalwa nokushaywa kwezinwele;
- Izipikili eziphukile;
- Izinkinga ngamazinyo;
- Ukuqokwa noma isifo sohudo;
- I-Atrophic gastritis;
- Stomatitis;
- Ukuzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ubuhlungu enhliziyweni nokushayela okusheshayo;
- Ukuvuthwa okungenasidingo ngesikhathi sokuhleka, ukukhwehlela, ukuklolodela, ukulala;
- Izifo ze-Catarrhal.
Kungani i-anemia iyingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-anemia kuwo wonke wesifazane wesithathu okhulelwe kubangela ukuhlukumezeka okungathandeki kakhulu, njengokuhluleka kwazo zonke izitho kanye nezicubu. Ubuchopho nenhliziyo kusebenza kabi, akukho igazi elanele (futhi ngenxa yalokho oksijini) idluliselwa kwezinye izitho, isibindi senza amaprotheni amancane, okumele asetshenziselwe ukwakha amaseli ahlukahlukene. Emzimbeni kunemikhiqizo enobuthi enobuthi efaka i-placenta futhi ingalimaza ingane. Ngokuntula kwensimbi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kukhona i-toxicosis ejwayelekile. Ayikho engozini engezona imiphumela elandelayo yokuthola i-anemia:
- Ingozi eyengeziwe yokufa kwe-fetal esibelethweni (25%).
- I-anemia yandisa ingozi yokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (21.5%).
- Cishe izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ukukhula kwegazi kukhula ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ngezinye izikhathi ukulahleka kwegazi kubulala.
- Ukucindezeleka kokungenwa kwesifo kwangemva kokuvame ukuvame ukuvela kanye nokulahlwa okwanele.
- Nge-anemia enkulu, ingozi yokubeletha isanda (11.5%).
- Ekucwaningweni kwezingane ezizalwa ngonina abanesifo semvelo, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ingane eyodwa kwezingane ezintathu ihlala ihlushwa isikhathi eside, i-29% ine-allergies kanti i-23% ine-anemia.
I-prophylaxis yokuntuleka kwensimbi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe
Kubalulekile ukucabangela ngokucophelela indaba yokulungiselela ukukhulelwa ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Kubalulekile ukuphulukisa ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izifo ezingapheliyo, ukubuyisela imifino evamile yamathumbu, ukuvuselela umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini nokugcwalisa ukungabi nensimbi, uma kukhona.
Ukubheka ngokukhethekile, kokubili ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi ngaphambi kokuba kunikezwe ikhalori ephelele nokudla okulinganiselayo. Ukudla kufanele kube namaprotheni aphakeme kakhulu okuvela emfuyweni, njengemikhiqizo yenyama iqukethe insimbi eningi kakhulu.
Ngendlela, insimbi evela emikhiqizweni yenyama ingcono kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu (kuze kufike ku-25-30%), kanti ezinye imikhiqizo yezilwane - amaqanda, izinhlanzi - kuphela 10-15%, negazi elivela emathanjeni emathunjini asithatha kuphela ama- 5% wensimbi. Imiphi imikhiqizo idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile? Isinkwa se Rye, amaqanda (izikhumba ikakhulukazi), isobho, ubhontshisi, ubhontshisi, i-cocoa, ubisi, ushizi, kanye nenkomo, i-turkey, inyama yenkomo nenyama yengulube, inhliziyo, i-cottage shizi, ukhilimu omuncu, ukhilimu. Hlanganisa ama-carrots ensimbi, ithanga, iklabishi, igromegranate, ama-apula aluhlaza, i-parsley, isipinashi, i-oatmeal, ama-apricot omisiwe, ama-alimondi. Ukudla kumele kuhlanganise imifino kanye nobusi, uma ungenayo i-allergies.
Isexwayiso: ukusetshenziswa kwemithi uma kwenzeka ukungenwa kwensimbi kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngokuya kadokotela! Ngokuvamile ukuqokwa kwamalungiselelo ensimbi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuboniswa kwabesifazane abanengozi yokuthuthukisa lesi sifo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukutholakala kwamanani amancane ezinsimbi kunconywa ngezifundo zamasonto amathathu, kusukela ngesonto eli-14 kuya ku-16 lokukhulelwa.
Ukukhulelwa nge-anemia ye-iron, kunesidingo nje kuphela ukulungisa umsoco, kodwa nokuthatha imithi kadokotela. Futhi manje kubonakala ukuthi lesi sifo asikwazi ukuphulukiswa kuphela ngemikhiqizo ecebile ensimbi. Inhlanganisela ensimbi ephakeme kunazo zonke, engangena ekudleni - kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-2.5 mg ngosuku. Nakuba izidakamizwa zingandisa inani lensimbi ephindwe izikhathi ezingu-15-20.
Ukwelashwa kwe-anemia kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa okuqinile komdokotela. Esikhathini ngasinye, udokotela ukhetha izidakamizwa ezifanele, umthamo, ucabangela ukuphindaphindiwe, kanye nokuqapha ukusebenza kahle kwelashwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Le nqubo emide ithatha isilinganiso samaviki angu-5-8, kanti konke ukusetshenziswa kanye nokulungiselela kufanele kuqhubeke isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokuqukethwe okujwayelekile kwe-hemoglobin egazini nasebomvu amaseli egazi. Amathebulethi avamile kakhulu anezinsimbi, hhayi izijoka. Ukudluliselwa kwegazi ngokuphathelene ne-anemia ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwenziwa kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngokusho kochwepheshe.
I-anemia ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ayithinti umzimba womama kuphela, kodwa futhi nomntwana okhulayo. Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kuyinkqubo ende kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi. Kulula kakhulu ukuzama ukuvimbela ukubonakala kokuntula kwensimbi emzimbeni wesifazane okhulelwe kunokusiphatha kamuva.