I-Rhesus factor (i-D-antigen) iyiprotheni ethile ekhona emangqamuzana egazi abomvu (amangqamuzana egazi abomvu - amangqamuzana egazi enza i-oksijini emathisini). Abantu abanamaprotheni abakhona ngamaseli abomvu, ngokulandelana, bangama-Rh (cishe abantu abangaba ngu-85%). Uma le phrotheni engekho, igazi lomuntu onjalo libizwa ngokuthi i-Rh-negative (10-15% yabantu). I-Rhesus ingokwama-fetus ekuqaleni kwezigaba zokukhulelwa. Ngokwalo, i-Rh factor engalungile ayiyona ingozi kubantu. Lokhu kungenye yezimpawu zomzimba. Ukuqamba kwakhe, angabonakalisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa komama ozayo we-Rh.
Iqembu eliyingozi.
Ihlanganisa amamemoni anegazi lika-Rh, elibayeni bakhe abathwala i-Rh factor enhle. Kulesi simo, ingane yabo ingazuza i-Rh-positive gene (okuyinto enamandla) evela kubaba. Futhi kungase kube khona ukuxabana kwe-rhesus, noma ukungahambisani negazi phakathi komama nomntwana. Ngezithelo "ezingalungile" zomama "ongeyena" wezingxabano ngeke ziphakame. Kwezinye izimo, ingxabano ivela uma owesifazane, isibonelo, mina uhlobo lwegazi, nomntwana - II noma III. Kodwa-ke, ukungahambisani neqembu legazi akuyona into eyingozi njengeR Rh factor.
Kungani kungqubuzana?
Ake sibone ukuthi kungani kunezinkinga ezinjalo zokukhulelwa njengoba i-Rh-ingxabano? Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-erythrocyte ene-Rh factor ye "fetus enhle" ingena egazini lomama "ongenayo". I-Rhesus-positive ye-baby is for "negative" umzimba womama nge protein alien (antigen eqinile). Futhi umzimba womama uqala ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana akhethekile-ama-antibodies ku-Rh factor, okusho ukuthi umzimba womntwana. Ayinabungozi kwabesifazane, kodwa abhubhisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi engane engakazalwa.
Ingozi kumntwana!
Ukwehlukaniswa - i-hemolysis ye-erythrocyte iholela ekuthuthukiseni izifo ze-hemolytic ze-fetus, lokhu kuholela ekulimazeni izinso nobuchopho, i-anemia iqala. Uma amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ahlala ebhujiswa njalo, isibindi nesiphande zizama ukugcwalisa ukugcina kwazo futhi zandise usayizi. Izimpawu ezisemqoka zezifo ze-hemolytic ze-fetus zikhuphuka esibindi nasesipheni kuwo, esinqunywa yi-ultrasound. Futhi, inani elandayo lama-amniotic fluid kanye ne-placenta eqinisiwe yizibonakaliso zezifo ze-hemolytic ze-fetus. Kulesi simo, ingane izalwa enezibomvu zegazi ezibomvu, okuyi-anemia. Emva kokuzalwa kuka-antibody kumama wengane, baqhubeka isikhathi esithile umphumela wabo wokulimaza. Ingane ine-anemia ye-hemolytic ne-jaundice. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zemitholampilo ye-hemolytic isifo sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa:
Ifomu le-Jaundice yilona fomu ejwayelekile kakhulu emtholampilo. Ingane ivame ukuzalwa ngesikhathi, ngesisindo somzimba esivamile, ngaphandle kokudonswa okubonakalayo kwesikhumba. Kakade ngosuku lokuqala noma lwesibili lokuphila kune-jaundice, ekhula ngokushesha. Umbala ophuzi futhi ube nama-amniotic fluid kanye namafutha okuqala. Kukhona ukwanda kwesibindi nesipere, kukhona ukuvuvukala okuncane kwezicubu.
Ifomu le-anemic liyingozi kunazo zonke, livela ku-10-15% wamacala futhi liboniswa yi-pallor, isifiso esingenamsoco, ukuqina kwesibindi, isibindi esandisiwe ne-pengu, i-anemia, ukwanda okwenyuka kwe-bilirubin.
Uhlobo oluhle lwe- hemolytic isifo kakhulu. Ngenkinga yokuqala ye-immunological, ukukhulelwa kwesisu kungahle kwenzeke. Uma ukukhulelwa kungadluliselwa ekugcineni, ingane izalwa ene-anemia ejulile, i-hypoxia, ukukhathazeka komzimba, i-edema yezincubu nokuntuleka kwe-cardiopulmonary.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ze-hemolytic akuzona ngaso sonke isikhathi okuhloswe ukuhlushwa kwama-isoimmune antibodies (okuvela kuwo, ama-antibodies) kumama. Izinga lokuvuthwa komzimba osanda kuzalwa kubalulekile: lesi sifo sinzima nakakhulu ezinsana ezingakabiphi.
Isifo se-Hemolytic yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ngokungahambisani nesistimu ye-ABO senza kancane kancane kunase-Rhesus-impikiswano. Kodwa ngezifo zomama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukwanda komfutho we-barrier kungase kwenzeke futhi ukwakheka kwezinhlobo ezimbi kakhulu zesifo se-hemolytic kungenzeka.
Ukukhulelwa kokuqala kuphephile
Uma inani elithile "igazi elihle" le-fetal lingena emzimbeni womama "ongeyena", khona-ke umzimba wakhe kuphela uqala ukukhiqiza ama-antibodies. Kukhona ukukhuthaza umzimba womama, njengokungathi "ukucasuka". Futhi lokhu "ukucasuka" ngesikhathi ngasinye, okungukuthi, ngokukhulelwa konke, kwanda. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi, ukukhulelwa kokuqala ne-"positive" fetus for "umama" omubi kuya cishe ngaphandle kokuphambene. Ngokukhulelwa okulandelayo, ingozi yokuthuthukisa ukungqubuzana kwe-Rh yanda kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuchazela owesifazane "ongalungile" umphumela wokukhipha isisu kokukhulelwa kwakhe okulandelayo. Bandisa kakhulu ingozi ye-Rhesus-impikiswano.
Sinikezela ngokuhlaziya.
Nakuba ukuphikisana kweRhesus kuyinkimbinkimbi yokukhulelwa, kodwa njengoba sesivele sithole, ingane kuphela ehluleka kuyo. Ngakho-ke, ukwahlulela ubukhulu balesi sxabano esimweni sowesifazane okhulelwe akenzi lutho. Umama wesikhathi esizayo angase abe nomuzwa omuhle, abe nesifiso esihle kakhulu nempilo enhle. Ukuhlaziya kubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu. Lapho owesifazane okhulelwe ebhaliswe emtholampilo wesifazane, into yokuqala ayenzayo inquma iqembu legazi kanye nempahla kaRh. Uma kuvela ukuthi umama wesikhathi esizayo ungu-Rh-negative, khona-ke unikezwa ukuhlaziywa kokutholakala kwama-antibodies. Uma ama-antibodies engatholakali, khona-ke kufanele athathe lokhu kuhlaziywa nyanga zonke, ngokuthola isikhathi esifanele. Uma kutholakala ama-antibodies, ama-antibodies omama wesifazane okhulelwe kufanele ahlolwe kaningi. Ngokusho kwabo, udokotela unquma ukuthi i-antibody titer, okungukuthi, ukuhlushwa kwabo egazini, iphinde ibone ukuthi kukhona yini ukuthambekela kokwandisa isikhathi. Uma i-antibody titer ikhuphuka, owesifazane okhulelwe uvinjelwe ezifweni ze-hemolytic ze-fetus. Owesifazane ujojowe nge-antiresus-gamma-globulin nezinye izidakamizwa ezisiza ukunciphisa ukwakhiwa kwama-antibodies.
Umama ubisi obuningi.
Ngaphambi kwalokho kwafundwa ukuthi owesifazane owayene Rh Rhusus ngenkathi ekhulelwe angeke ancelise ingane yakhe, ngoba ama-antibodies aqukethwe ubisi lwakhe lwebele futhi avuse isimo sengane "enhle". Lokhu akukona ngokuphelele. Ngempela, akunakwenzeka ukubeletha amasonto amabili owesifazane owayenezingxabano zeRh futhi umntwana wazalwa enezifo ze-hemolytic. Bonke abanye omama, ababenama-antibodies ngenkathi bekhulelwe, kepha umntwana wazalwa enempilo, angondla umntwana ngobisi lwebele, kodwa okokuqala ajobe i-antiraus gamma globulin.
Hlanganisa okungcono kakhulu.
Ngokwezibalo, ku-8% kuphela amacala, uMama ongenawo uR Rh angaba nengane enhle ka-Rh. Futhi omama abaningi abangenayo i-Rh bayathwala futhi babeletha izinsana ezimbili nezintathu ezinempilo. Futhi kuphela u-0.9% wabesifazane abakhulelwe bahlakulela ukucindezeleka kokukhulelwa - ukuphikisana kwamaRhesus. Ngakho-ke, ungazilungiseleli kuqala ezinkingeni, uma uthola ukuthi une-Rh engenayo igazi. Uma ulandela zonke izincomo ze-gynecologist yakho, zivivinye ngesikhathi, bese ubungozi bezinkinga kumama we-Rhesus-negative nomntanakhe uRh-positive uncishisiwe.