Izinketho ezine
Uma ubhaliswa ngokubonisana komuntu wesifazane, udokotela uzokuthumela ezinhlolweni eziningana, kuhlanganise nokuzimisela kwegazi le-Rh factor. Ngemva kokuthola imiphumela, udokotela uzocela ukubiza leli qembu kanye ne-rhesus yengane yengane yesikhathi esizayo. Ngemva kokuqoqa idatha ndawonye, uzokusho ngamathuba okuphikisana phakathi kwakho nomntwana. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi igazi labantu ababili abaseduze nawe, wena kanye nomntwana, "ungaxabana"? Ngeshwa, yebo. Phela, inemisebenzi yayo - ukusekela umsebenzi obalulekile wenyama futhi ungangenisi "ekhaya" labantu abangabazi, okuyizingxenye zegazi ezihlukile eqenjini naseRhesus. Kunamaqembu egazi amane okuhlaziywa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, enezinhlamvu ezilandelayo: I = 0 (zero), II = A, lll = B, IV = AB.
Ngakho-ke, unayo imiphumela yokuhlaziywa okwenziwe. Manje ungabala ukuthi yiliphi iqembu ingane engazalwa ngayo. Yenza kube lula. Ake sithi uneqembu le-IV (AB), futhi umyeni wakho unami (00). Sixazulula inkinga elula: AB + 00 - AO (II), AO (II), BO (III), BO (III). Manje kuyacaca ukuthi umntwana uzozalwa ngeqembu lesibili noma lesithathu legazi.
Kodwa ingabe kuphela le njongo ukuthi iqembu legazi lomama ozayo lizimisele? Yebo akunjalo. Isizathu esiyinhloko - ukuthola ukuthi uhlobo luni lwegazi oluphuthumayo lungathululelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi komama ne-fetus. Ngokuvamile, ukungahambisani neqembu legazi kwenzeka phambi koMama Mina, futhi eqenjini lezingane - II noma III (ngokulandelana, uyise wengane kufanele abe iqembu lesibili, lesithathu noma lesine). Kodwa ukungqubuzana okunjalo akuvamile. Ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukuba "wenze abangane" ngegazi le-rhesus ukuze bahlaziywe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ukulingana okulula
I-Rhesus factor enye enye inkomba yegazi. Uma likhona, kuthiwa lihle (Rh +). Akayitholakali egazini? Bese kuthiwa kubi (Rh-). Empeleni, ayithinti impilo nempilo yomuntu omdala. Kodwa uqala ukukhokha ngokukhethekile uma owesifazane okhulelwe ene Rh-igazi, nobaba wengane - iRh +. Kulesi simo, ingane ingazuza i-rhesus enhle kababa, okusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona umphikisana nomama. Yini ebonakalayo? Njengoba nje ngokungahambisani neqembu legazi, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-antibodies okukwazi ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana abomvu e-fetus aqala emzimbeni kamama. Sishesha ukuqinisekisa! Ukwazi lokhu, odokotela baye bafunda ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwama-antibodies. Ngakho-ke, bonke abesifazane abahlukumezekile bakwaRhesus abangenayo anti-Rh factor antibodies esontweni lama-28 lokukhulelwa babonisa ukufakwa kwe-immunoglobulin ephikisanayo esikhathini esingaphakathi kweviki lama-28 nelama-34. E-Ukraine, ingathengwa eziteshini zokumpontshelwa igazi (ezifuywayo) noma ekhemisi (ukungeniswa, ikhwalithi ephezulu).
Ingabe kukhona ukungqubuzana?
Ake sithi unakho ukungqubuzana eqenjini legazi noma ku-rhesus (futhi cishe ezinkomba ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa!). Ngokuvamile ukungqubuzana okuqhubekayo akuthinti isimo sempilo sowesifazane.
Ungaqaphela kanjani ukuthi inqubo engalungile yaqala egazini ukuhlaziywa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa? Nika njalo igazi ukuze unqume inani (titer) lama-antibodies egazini, okungukuthi: ngaphambi kweviki lama-32 - kanye ngenyanga; kusuka ku-32 kuya ku-35-kabili ngenyanga; ngemuva kwe-35 - isonto ngalinye. Uma ama-antibodies egazini atholakala ngobuncane, kuzodingeka uvakashele i-laboratory kaningi (ukulandelana kwamandla). Ingabe i-titer ephezulu? Cishe, owesifazane uzofakwa esibhedlela, lapho kuqala khona i-ultrasound eningiliziwe izokwenziwa. Ezimweni ezihlukile, odokotela bangenza i-amniocentesis (iqoqo le-amniotic fluid kusuka kwesinye isisu esidluliselwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwesifundo se-ultrasound). Yebo, le nqubo ayijabulisi futhi ingaphephile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka kuphela ngale ndlela ukuze inqume ngokuqiniseka inani labantu, i-titer ye-antibodies ukuze i-rhesus, kanye nohlobo lwegazi lomntwana. Ngesisindo esikhulu se-amniotic fluid, esibonisa ukubola kwamaseli abomvu we-fetus, sinqume indlela yokuhola ukukhulelwa. Kungenzeka ukuqhuba i-cordocentesis (ukuthatha igazi emgodini wesisu ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwe-ultrasound).
Uhlelo Lokusebenza
Awunayo ukukhulelwa kokuqala futhi isihloko se-anti-antibody esiphezulu sitholakala egazini? Ezinye izifundo ziqinisekisile ukuthi kukhona ukungqubuzana? Sidinga ukuqala ukwelashwa! Ngokuvamile iqukethe ukumnika kwamagciwane amavithamini, isisombululo seglucose. Ukuze unciphise inani lama-antibodies egazini likaMama, udokotela uzobeka umjovo we-immunoglobulin. Isikhathi sokubeletha sincane, kodwa isihloko sikhula kancane?
I-nuance kuphela: ukusika intambo kunconywa ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuqedwa kwe-pulsation. Ukungqubuzana kubonakale ngaphambi nje kokuzalwa? Umama uguliswe esibhedlela ukuze aqaphele njalo inani lemithi elwa namagciwane. Uma ukwanda kuphawulekayo, futhi isimo sezimvuthu sibuhlungu, khona-ke ukugqugquzelwa komsebenzi noma isigaba se-cearean kubonisiwe. Ngemuva kokuzalwa komntwana, i-neonatologist izobe isenziwa ngokushesha. Ucwaningo oludingekayo luzokwenziwa futhi ukwelashwa kuyomiswa ukuze kuqedwe i-anemia, i-icterus, i-edema. Ube nethuba lokuphikisana, kodwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, awekho ama-antibodies atholakele? Emva kokubeletha zingakapheli amahora angu-48, kufanele unikezwe umjovo we-immunoglobulin ukuvimbela ukungqubuzana kokukhulelwa okulandelayo!
Abazali abanenkinga yokukhulelwa, kubonakala sengathi lokhu kungenxa yokuphikisana kwegazi. Kodwa lokhu akunjalo.