Kuyini?
Ukuqokwa kuyinkimbinkimbi enzima noma ehleliwe yokukhipha amathumbu. Ingane ngayinye ezalwa inezici zayo siqu abazali okufanele bazicabangele ukuze bangabesabi futhi bangabhekiseli ezindleleni ezihlukahlukene zokugqugquzela isenzo sokuhlukunyezwa. Abazali kufanele bakhumbule: ezinganeni ezisencelisayo, ukungabi khona kwe-stool okujwayelekile kuze kube yizinsuku ezintathu kubhekwa njengokwejwayelekile, kubantwana ekudleni okufakelwayo - kuze kube yizinsuku ezimbili - uma kwenzeka ukuthi ukuziphatha nesimo somntwana kuphulwa. Ingane enjalo iziphatha ngendlela evamile: inesidlo esivamile, iyasebenza, inezigesi, akukho ukushisa noma ezinye izibonakaliso zokugula. Umama wengane enjalo akufanele anamathele ku-enema noma asebenzise ezinye izindlela ukuze afinyelele ukukhishwa okungenakugwemeka kwamathumbu nsuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, noma yikuphi ukuphulwa kwesimo somntwana jikelele, lapho, kanye nokulibaziseka esitokisini, ukuhlanza, ukuvuza, ukulala, ukungabi khona noma ukunciphisa ukudla, izinga lokushisa nokulibaziseka ekuphunyeleni kwegesi, kudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha nokusizwa.
I-Norm ne-pathology
Isici esisekusaneni ukuthi uhlobo lwesitokisi kanye nenani lezenzo zokuhlukunyezwa lihlonishwa uhlobo lokudla. Ngokuncelisa ingane ithole kusuka ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza kuze kukhanyise umbala obomvu, ukuhambisana kwayo kuyinkimbinkimbi, iphunga lingahle lijabulise. Inombolo yezinhlanzi kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka 2-4 izikhathi ngosuku, emva kwezinyanga ezingu-6 - izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngosuku. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukudla okufakelwayo kuyingozi ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwengane. Ngokwezibalo eziningi ze-physiologists, lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi ukudluliselwa kwengane ukuphakela ubisi lwefomini kuholela ekuvuthweni okungakapheli kwezixhobo eziyimfihlo yechungechunge lomzimba, bese kuthi ekudluleni kwamandla ayo okugaya nokugcoba ukudla, okusho ukuthi kudala ukuqothulwa. Uma umama esondla umntwana ngobisi lwakhe, indwangu yengane inombala ophuzi wegolide, uhlobo lwekhilimu omuncu omanzi kanye nephunga elimnandi. Inombolo yesikhumba ezinganeni, njengomthetho (kodwa hhayi njalo), ifika izikhathi ezingu-5-7 ngosuku ngosuku lokuqala lonyaka, emva kwesigamu sonyaka - kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-2-3. Kodwa akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi ukuqashwa akuyona into engavamile kwasebuntwaneni: ngokwezingane zakudala, bahlushwa izingane eziyi-10 kuya ku-25%. Abazali kufanele baxwayiswe nini futhi bacabange ukuthi umntwana unenkinga ngempela esitokisini?
Izimpawu ezingekho ngqo zokuqothulwa ezinganeni akuyona into engavamile yokukhipha amathumbu, kodwa ngokuyinhloko ukushintsha kokuziphatha okuhambisana nokuhamba kwesitebe: ukwanda kokukhathazeka ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuhlukunyezwa, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, ukukhala okukhulu. Isimo sesihlalo sinokubaluleka: ezinganeni kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezingu-6, i-dense, i-stool ehlotshisiwe kufanele ibhekwe njengesibonakaliso sokuqothulwa, ngezinye izikhathi imifula yegazi ingenzeka kulesi sikhundla. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu ngenxa yokuqashwa okungapheli kubonakala ngokuthuthukiswa kweminye imibonakaliso ngendlela ye-anemia (ukunciphisa inani lamaseli abomvu obomvu ne-hemoglobin egazini), ukunciphisa inzuzo yesisindo, isikhumba esibhekene nesikhumba kanye nomonakalo wendwangu yamangqamuzana, isikhumba esomile kanye nezibungu zamangcwaba. Izingozi zengozi yokuqokwa ziwukudla okufakelwayo, ukulimala kokuqala, i-CNS (isimiso esiyisisekelo senzwa) kanye ne-dysbacteriosis (isimo lapho kubonakala khona ukuguquka okuvamile kwamabhaktheriya okuguqula amathumbu).
Izinhlobo zokuqothulwa
Odokotela bahlukanisa phakathi kokuqwashisa okunamandla nokuhlala njalo. Ukuqothulwa okunamandla ukungabikho kokuhlukunyezwa kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Iqala lapho ikoloni ivinjelwe ngenxa yezimbangela ezihlukahlukene (ezinganeni ngokuvamile kuvame ukuqala - ukufakwa kwesinye isitho samathumbu kuya kwesinye, okubangela ukuvinjelwa kwesibindi semathumbu kanye nokuphulwa kokusakaza kwamathumbu ngokwayo). Izimbangela zokuhlaziywa kwe-intrauterine ziyi-anomalies ekuthuthukiseni amathumbu emntwaneni, ukuncelisa ingane, ukusungulwa kwasekuqaleni kokudla okuhambisanayo (ngenxa yokungenakali kwesimiso se-enzymatic esiqeda ukudla), izifo zamathumbu. Lesi simo sikhula kaningi ezinganeni kusukela ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya ku-1 ngonyaka, ngokuvamile zihlushwa izingane ezincane. Ingane enjalo phakathi kwenhlalakahle egcwele ngokuzumayo iba ngokungazelelwe ingapheli, ikhala, inqaba ukudla. Ukuphela kokukhathazeka kuphela ngokuzumayo njengoba kuqala, kepha emva kwesikhashana (imizuzu 3-5) kuphinda futhi. Kuhlanza isikhathi esisodwa noma emibili nge-mix mix ye-bile eluhlaza, izinhlanzi zingahlukaniswa kanye noma kabili ngokuhlanganiswa kwegazi. Kamuva, isihlalo siyeka, futhi ukukhishwa kwegazi okukhanyayo kukhishwa ku-rectum (kuvela kaningi ngemva kwamahora angu-5-6 ngemva kokuqala kobuhlungu bokuqala).
Kulesi simo, isisu somntwana silula. Ukushisa ngokuvamile kuvamile. Ingane ingalahlekelwa. Ngokuvamile, lapho izimpawu ezinjalo zenzeka, abazali ngeke bakhathazeke kakhulu ngokuba khona kwesihlalo, njengokuhlaselwa okunzima kobuhlungu, ukuhlanza nokubona ingane, futhi ngeke bephuze ukwenza "i-ambulensi". Ukuqothulwa okuqhubekayo kukhula kancane kancane. Ukuxilongwa okunjalo kwenziwa lapho kubonakala ingane engaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuqotshwa ngokwakho akuyona isifo. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kungukubonakaliswa kwanoma yisiphi isimo noma ukugula kwengane, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi ungaphathi ukumbumbuluzwa ngokwakho, kodwa imbangela yayo. Futhi lokhu kuzodinga umzamo nokunakwa, kokubili kudokotela nakubantwana.
Izimbangela zokuqothulwa
Ukuqokwa kwabantwana kungabangelwa izizathu ezilandelayo:
• Ukudla okungafanele - ukudla okungalungile, ukudla okwanele noma amanzi ekudleni komntwana, kanye nokushisa komntwana njalo. Izimbangela ezinjalo ziholela ekunciphiseni kwemisipha yezinyosi emathunjini, ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi (futhi ukwakheka kwesitoreji kubandakanya amanzi), nokuphazanyiswa kokubunjwa kwe-microflora yamathumbu. Ezinganeni zonyaka wokuqala wokuphila ezondla noma ezifakelwayo, ukuqotshwa okufanayo kwenzeka kaningi kunabantwana abathola ubisi lwebele kuphela.
• Ukuhlukunyezwa kwamathumba. Kubantwana abasha, isifo sikaHirschsprung sisebenza ngokukhethekile. Esikhathini senhliziyo yalesi sifo ukwephulwa kokulondolozwa kwekoloni, i-peristalsis yayo (isithuthuthu somzimba) iphukile, ikoloni iba "kude" emsebenzini. Ngenxa yalokho, okuqukethwe kwamathumbu kuqoqa ezingxenyeni eziqhamukayo zamathumbu, okuthi, ezimweni ezinganakiwe, kubangela ukwanda kwamathumbu. Uma ingane iyingxenye emfushane nje yamathumbu, ukuqothulwa kwakha kancane kancane futhi kungase kungadingi ukungenelela okuhlinzekwa isikhathi eside. Uma isigaba eside somathumbu esikhulu sithinteka, ukungabi khona kwesihlalo kuhambisana nesimo esibi somntwana kanye nokungenela okusheshayo okudingekayo.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo. Izifo ezitholakala emathunjini zidluliselwa ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila zingabangela ukufa kwamangqamuzana emisipha emathunjini amakhulu, okuyinto eholela ekuphuleni komshini (motor) umsebenzi wamathumbu. Futhi yilesi isizathu sokubambezeleka esenzweni sokuhlukunyezwa, ukuqoqwa kwesitembu emathunjini kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuqunywa.
• Izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokuvuvukala emathunjini noma izifo ze-vascular (vasculitis). Ukuqothulwa okunjalo kubangelwa ngenxa yomonakalo we-plexuses wezinzwa namangqamuzana azwelayo emdongeni wamathumbu.
• I-CNS lesion. Ukuqothulwa kuvame ukuvela ezinganeni ezine-infancy cerebral palsy syndrome, kanye nezingane ezizalwa ngokuzibandakanya nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ekubelethweni. Ngaphezu kokuqothulwa, izingane ezinjalo zingase zibe nokuhlukunyezwa okuhlukahlukene kwesenzo sokugwinya, ukuvuselela, ukuhlanza.
Izinkinga ze-endocrine (hypothyroidism - ukuntuleka komsebenzi we-thyroid, isifo sikashukela, njll). Ngezifo ezinjalo, ukuqunywa kungavamile. Isibonelo, i-hypothyroidism inciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kokuqukethwe emathunjini. Ngezinkinga zezingqungquthela ze-parathyroid, ukuqothulwa kwenzeka ngenxa yokuphulwa komzimba wamaminerali. Ukuqokwa kwesifo sikashukela kungabangela umonakalo kumzimba wamathumbu emathunjini noma emzimbeni womntwana.
• Imithi ethile. Ngaphambi kokunikeza ingane noma iyiphi imithi enikezwe udokotela, funda ngokucophelela imiyalelo. Isibonelo, amalungiselelo ensimbi anikezwe i-anemia angabangela ukuqotshwa. Ukunamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni yokuthatha lesi sidakamizwa kuzosiza ukukugwema. Ukuqothulwa kwezidakamizwa kuwumphumela wokuthatha ezinye izidakamizwa, phakathi kwazo okubaluleke kakhulu izidakamizwa eziphikisanayo zokuvuvukala, ama-neuroleptics, ama-sorbents. Ukukhathalela okukhethekile kufanele kudonwe, okuvela ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okungalawuliwe kanye / noma isikhathi eside sama-antibiotic. Kulesi simo, ukugcinwa kwesitokisi kungumphumela we-dysbiosis emathunjini. Ngakho-ke, kunezizathu eziningi ezingabangela ukuphazamiseka kwesibindi emntwaneni. Ngakho-ke, kuphela ukubhekana nokuphathwa kokuqokwa, ungakwazi ukweqa imbangela eyabangela. Yingakho okwenzekayo ekuqothukeni kwengane kubonisa udokotela.
Ungamsiza kanjani umntwana?
Uma ingane iqhuma, ukuxuma, ukukhala, lapho uthinta isisu sayo, kuyisicelo sosizo. Yini engasiza ingane ngokuqokwa? Nika amanzi emabhodlela emntwaneni (angabanjwanga, angakabikho). Kungcono ukunikeza ingane kusuka kwesirinji esivamile esiyinyumba (ngaphandle kwezinaliti), ungamnika amanzi kusuka isipuni. Ngisho nengcosana yetshezi engena emathunjini izokusiza ukuthobisa isitokisi, futhi ishukumise umkhiqizo wesitokisi.
Ukumunca kwesisu
Ukushisa kuqala ukwenza ngokushesha ngemva kokuphuza. Geza bese uphonsa izandla zakho ukuze uzifudumise. Ekulweni nokuqothulwa, isisindo somzimba kufanele senziwe njalo: ngokushesha emva kokuvuka, bese kuthi izikhathi eziningana ngosuku ngaphambi kokudla noma kungakapheli ihora ngemva kokudla. Ukushisa kuyenziwa endaweni yomntwana elele ngemuva. Noma yikuphi ukunyakaza kwenziwa ngaphandle kwengcindezi eqinile. Ukuzivocavoca ngalunye kwenziwa ngaphakathi kwemizuzu engu-1-2, ezinganeni emva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, isikhathi sokusikhipha singadluliselwa. Ngesikhathi sokuphunga, khuluma nengane, momotheka. Buka isimo somntwana: ukusikhipha umzimba akufanele kubangele ubuhlungu noma ubuhlungu.
• Ngesandla sesandla sakho sokunene, yenza ukujikeleza kwe-circular clockwise. Siqala kusukela emvelweni futhi kancane kancane sandisa umbuthano ukusuka ekhoneni elingezansi eliphansi kuya phezulu kanye ne-hypochondrium elungile, sidlulela esiswini esiswini se-hypochondrium bese siwela ekhoneni elingezansi elingakwesokunxele. Sizama okungenani ukucindezela ku-hypochondrium efanele (lapho isibindi sitholakala khona) ne-hypochondrium engakwesokunxele (indawo yengubo). Ukubamba isikhumba sengane ngezandla zombili zombili, sibahambisela komunye nomunye emaceleni omzimba wesisu, siguqule izandla zethu phezu kwenkaba. Senza i-stroking 1-2 imizuzu.
• Inhlanzi yangakwesokudla iqala ukulimaza indawo kusukela enkabayeni kuze kube se-pubis. Sisa phansi imizuzu engu-1-2.
• Ukufakela i-sigmoid colon (ingxenye engezansi yekoloni, idlula ngaphakathi kwe-rectum). Ukuhlukanisa ngokweqile isisu somntwana emagcekeni amane. Isikwele esingaphansi kwesobunxele yindawo ye-coloni ye-sigmoid, ehlukanisa lesi sikwele ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi. I-coloni ye-sigmoid, ikakhulukazi uma isesimweni esigcwele, kulula ukuzizwa ngesimo se-roller. With iminwe emibili cindezela kancane endaweni ye-colon sigmoid. Ukufakela ukuhamba ngezinyathelo eziyindilinga, ngaphandle kokuhambisa iminwe yakho, imizuzu emibili. Kakade emva kwemizuzu engu-1-2 yokusikhipha imisipha njalo kunesifiso sokuhlunga. Ukuvocavoca. Esikhundleni se-supine, ukugoba okunye bese uguqula imilenze yengane, ucindezele ukuba isisu, izikhathi ezingu-6-8. Ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa imishini yokuzivocavoca, ulingise ibhayisikili. Bese ucindezela imilenze yomabili isisu somntwana, ubambe imizuzwana embalwa. Lungisa imilenze. Ukuzivocavoca kuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-8. Ukwenza izivivinyo ibhola elikhulu lokuzivocavoca ezinezimpondo kuyasiza. Ukubeka i-tummy baby ebhola bese imvumela ukuba athathe izimpondo, uyiqhube ebholeni imizuzu engu-1-2. Ukuhambisana nokuzivocavoca ngezingoma nangezingoma: ingane kufanele ithole kubo injabulo. Ukuzibulala kwesisu nokuzivocavoca kuvame ukusiza ingane ukuba ichithe amathumbu futhi yenza ukudlula kwamagesi kungabi buhlungu kakhulu.
Ibhuloho
Uma ukusikhipha umzimba kungasiza, ingane ingabhapathizwa emanzini afudumele, bese uyisusa ekugezeni bese uyigoqa. Ngemuva kwaloko, sisakaza umntwana esibelethweni esisifubile ngesisu esingenalutho noma sibamba phezu kwesitsha noma i-diaper, sicindezela imilenze yengane emathunjini. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isikhundla esingahle kunazo zonke somntwana obhekene ne-colic noma ukuqotshwa yisimo ngemuva, ngoba esimweni esifanelekile ukuzithokozisa kwamathumbu wengane kwenzeka futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukuthuthukiswa kwegesi nokuqukethwe kwamathumbu kuthuthukisa.
Isingeniso sebhandlela
Uma lokhu kungasizi futhi umntwana uyaqhubeka ekhala, angabeka ikhandlela ne-glycerin engxenyeni ye-rectum. Sebenzisa amakhandlela njalo, njengendlela yokwelashwa, akufanelekile: lokhu yi-ambulensi. Amakhandlela afakwa esikhundleni somntwana elele ngemuva, enemilenze egobile esiswini.
Ukusebenzisa ithubhu yokuphuma kwegesi
Ukuze unciphise isimo somntwana, ohlukunyezwayo negesi, umuntu angasebenzisa ipayipi legesi. Ukungena ku-rectum akumele kube ngaphezu kuka-3 cm ubude (ekhemisini ungathenga i-catheter engama-rectal, ingxenye engavunyelwe yona engadlula i-2.5 cm). I-catheter noma i-tube ye-vent isifakwa esikhundleni somntwana elele ngemuva noma eceleni kwayo imilenze igobile esiswini. Iphuzu le-catheter elifakiwe noma ithubhu kufanele lihlwithwe kakhulu nge-cream cream noma i-petroleum jelly. Ngokuqondene ne-enema, akusizi ngalutho ngalesi senzakalo somntwana, njengoba kuvame ukukholelwa. Ngokuqondene nokusebenza kahle nendlela yokwenza isicelo, kubalulekile ukuxhumana nodokotela wezingane. Uma izinyathelo ezingenhla zingakusizi, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wezingane onganikeza ingane yakho imithi. Isidakamizwa esizikhethela ekwelapheni ukuqothulwa yisiraphu ye-lactulose (isib. Dufalac), okuzobe kunconywa udokotela. Khumbula ukuthi noma yimiphi imithi ifanele kuphela uma iphazamisa imbangela yokuqothulwa. Njengoba i-blolic ne-intestinal colic, ingane ihlinzekwa ngokungeziwe nge-espumizan, i-simplex sapex, iplantex ngaphambi kokudla kokubili. Khumbula ukuthi ukuqotshwa kwengane akuyona isifo. Isebenza kuphela njengesignali ukuthi kukhona okungalungile emzimbeni. Futhi udokotela kumele afune imbangela, futhi futhi alwe nezimpawu (kulokhu ngesimo sokuqothulwa). Manje siyazi ukuthi yini okufanele yenze uma ingane inokuqothulwa.