Awukho izinsuku lapho kwakudingeka ukuguqula ikhemikhali yamakhemikhali namadivayisi ahlukahlukene ukuze athole isithombe - izwe elihanjiswe kuzithombe zedijithali. Le ndlela engathengi futhi elula yokuthola isithombe esiphezulu ephepheni yenza kube lula ukuthatha zonke izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni noma ngezikhathi ezinhle kuphela. Namuhla, cishe wonke umuntu unomkhamera wedijithali. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abajwayele amacebo amancane avumela ukuthi uthathe isithombe sesithombe esilula. Isithombe sezwe langempela ngamehlo akho.
Ungakhetha kanjani ikhamera?
Okokuqala, iyiphi ikhamera engcono ukuyikhetha. Okokuqala, qaphela ipharamitha esemqoka - inani lamaphikseli ku-matrix. Kulokhu kuxhomeke ikhwalithi nobukhulu bezithombe eziphrintiwe esikhathini esizayo. Isibonelo, ukuze uthole isithombe esihle esingu-10x15, kufanele ube nobukhulu bekhamera okungenani amaphikseli angu-1200x1800, okungaba ama-megapixel angu-2.2. Ukuphrinta isithombe esingu-13x18, udinga ikhamera enobukhulu okungenani ama-3.5 Megapixel (cishe amaphikseli angu-1600x2200). Abakhiqizi abaningi bamakhamera abakhombisi ubungako bangempela bomthamo, kepha ubukhulu ukuthi ikhamera iyakwazi ukwanda, usebenzisa imodi ekhethekile. Eqinisweni, ngeke kube nokusetshenziswa okuningi kusuka kulobu bukhulu. Inombolo enkulu yama-Megapixel ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isithombe sizoba semfanelo ephezulu. Kuxhomeke eminye imingcele eminingi, kufaka phakathi ikhwalithi ye-matrix.
Ipharamitha engabalulekile kakhulu kungenzeka ukuthi izenzakaliso zedijithali (Zoom). Inani lalo linqunywa umehluko phakathi kobude obuncane nobukhulu obuphezulu. Ukukhuliswa kungaba optical (ngenxa yamalensi) nedijithali (ngenxa yokucubungula isofthiwe). Ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu itholakala kuphela ngezithombe ngokukhuliswa kwe-optical.
Isibuko.
Wonke umuntu wezwa ngalokho okuthiwa "izibuko". Amakhamera anjalo akuvumela ukuba ubone isithombe esincane nje se-matrix, futhi kusikrini esikhethekile, okungukuthi, ngamehlo akho. Kodwa-ke, uma ungathandi ukugxila kwebhuku futhi usebenzise imodi yokuzenzekelayo njalo, lokhu akusizi inzuzo kuwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "i-SLRs" ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise amanye amalensi amancane angaguquguquki. Kodwa uma ulinganiselwe ezintweni futhi ungenaso isifiso sokucwaninga kuzo zonke izicabucabu zezithombe zobuchwepheshe, ungazifaka kwikhamera evamile.
Ubude obugxile.
Into yokuqala ethatha amehlo akho ku-amateur izithombe ubude obungalungile bokugxila. Uma ufuna ukususa into, kufanele uhambe, lokhu kusho ukuthi ikhamera yakho inebude obukhulu bokugxila. Amakhamera anjalo alula ukudubula izinto ezikude kuphela. Ngesikhathi esibucayi, leli pharamitha lihlobene eduze nekhamera, njengento yokuqala yokuvula. Uma uhlela le meyili ngesandla, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukukhetha into ngaphambili, khetha inani lokuvula okuncane. Ngenani elikhulu lokuvula, ubukhali buzosetshenziselwa cishe uhlaka lonke. Lezi ziminganiso zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukudubula izithombe noma izinto ezingabodwa, ofuna ukuzinaka.
Ipharamitha elandelayo enenani uma ukubuyiselwa isithombe kungukuqala kokuvala. Ikuvumela ukuba uhlwithe into eyodwa ehambayo kusukela kumthamo wendawo yonke noma unikeze isihloko sinobuciko obukhethekile bokuhamba. Kulesi simo, kufanele uhlole isivinini se-shutter esingama-60 nangaphezulu.
Enye i-ISO noma ukuzwela komthamo. Ephakeme le nombolo, encane ukukhanyisa kwesihloko sokudubula. Ungasetha isivinini se-shutter esincane. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngokuzwela okukhulu, izithombe ziba "grainy", ngakho-ke ungathathi ukuthunjwa kwi-ISO enkulu.
Flash.
Akuyona umsizi wamuva wokuthola izithombe eziphezulu kakhulu ekukhanyeni okuphansi yi-flash. Ngeshwa, i-flash yenza isithombe ezithombeni sibe ngaphezulu. Kulesi simo, ungazama ukudubula engxenyeni encane, okuzokuvumela ukuba ubone izithunzi. Abantu abaningi lapho bezithombe nge-flash ngokungenalwazi bavaliwe ngesandla sakhe, ngakho-ke kufanele ulandele futhi ugweme amaphutha anjalo.
Ezinye izilungiselelo.
Kunezinombolo zamapharamitha, ngenxa yokuthi ungabamba kanjani abambalwa futhi uthuthukise isithombe. Isibonelo, kumakhamera wedijithali yanamuhla abonakale umsebenzi onjalo njengobhalansi obumhlophe. Ngenxa yalokho, ungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yesithombe ngaphansi kwezimo zokudubula ezihlukene, isibonelo, ngaphandle, ngaphakathi kwanezibani ze-incandescent noma izibani ze-fluorescent. Imodi evame ukuzenzekelayo. Noma kunjalo, uma ufuna ukufezekisa imiphumela ekhethekile, zama ukuzama ngalesi silungiselelo.
Uma ungakaze uhlele izilungiselelo ze-"manual" yekhamera yakho, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi abaningi babo banamamodi asetshenzisiwe wokudubula ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, isibonelo "elwandle", "iqhwa", "iqembu", "izitshalo". Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba wenze isithombe esiphumelele kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezanduliwe. Uma wazi, yini izithombe, futhi umhlaba uzodlala ngemibala emisha.
Ukuze isithombe esihle kubalulekile ukukhetha ukwakheka okulungile kwefreyimu, okungukuthi, ukuthi yini oyodubula, isibonelo, umhlaba wangempela wemvelo. Isibonelo, uma into yokubonga yakho iyisikhumbuzo sezakhiwo, zama ukuhlela ukuze yonke imininingwana yayo ethakazelisayo ibonakale, into ephakathi nendawo yefreyimu noma ivele kahle kahle ngemuva kwesizinda esiseduze. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ebusweni abazange bathole abangabazi, awuhlosi ukudubula.
Okuhlangenwe nakho.
Ungaphelelwa ithemba uma izithombe zokuqala ozitholile azifisi. Izwe langempela ezithombeni akulona ukuthi liyoba njani. Wonke amakhono ayisisekelo afika ngokuhlangenwe nakho, ngakho into esemqoka okudingeka ukwenze ithatha izithombe. Bonisa izithombe kumaforamu, abathandabuzi kanye nabachwepheshe, ngokuqinisekile uzothola izeluleko eziwusizo kanye nokuphawula okuhle. Ungathuthukisa amakhono akho hhayi ngokwakho kuphela, kodwa nasezifundweni ezikhethekile. Abathwebuli bezithombe abanokuhlangenwe nakho bazokubonisa amasu ayisisekelo wokubamba izithombe futhi bazofunda ukuthola izithombe eziphezulu kakhulu ezizohlala zijabulisa sicela wena kuphela, kodwa izihlobo zakho nabangani bakho.