I-Amenorrhea noma ukuntuleka kokuya esikhathini kungaba khona kokubili ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangesikhathi esizayo ekuphileni komuntu wesifazane. I-amenorrhea eyinhloko yisimo esibonakala ukungabi khona komjikelezo wanyanga zonke kusukela ekuzalweni kuya eminyakeni engu-16. I-amenorrhea yesibili iyenzeka ngemuva kokuqala kokuqala kokuya esikhathini futhi ibonakala ngokuphelelwa yisikhathi komjikelezo. Uma ngabe umjikelezo wakho wanyanga zonke uphazamisekile, amathuba, umcabango wakho wokuqala uzoba ukuthi ukhulelwe. Eqinisweni, kunezinye izincazelo eziningi zokungasheshi okujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ukungabikho kwezinsuku: izimbangela, ukwelashwa - isihloko sengxoxo yanamuhla.
U-Amenorrhea akavamile ukuba ngumphumela wesifo esibi kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, ukungaqiniseki ngezimbangela zokuqeda ngokungazelelwe ukuya esikhathini kungaba ukucindezeleka kunoma yimuphi owesifazane. Ungesabi. Ngemuva kokuzijwayela ngokuphelele nomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nencazelo eningiliziwe yezimpawu zakho, isazi singakwazi ukubona imbangela yenkinga. Ukwelashwa okwanele kuzoholela ekuqedeni kokuya esikhathini.
Izimpawu ze-amenorrhea
Isikhombisi esikhulu sokuba khona kwe-amenorrhea ukungabi khona kwemijikelezo yenyanga. Lesi sifo sinezinhlobo ezimbili:
- Amaminorrhea eyinhloko - ukungabikho kokuya esikhathini lapho eneminyaka engu-16.
- Amamorrhea Secondary - akukho mjikelezo wokuya esikhathini ezinyangeni ezingu-3-6 noma ngaphezulu.
Kuye ngenxa yezizathu ze-amenorrhea, ungase uhlangabezane nezinye izibonakaliso noma izimpawu, ezifana nokukhishwa kwamanzi amhlophe amhlophe avela kuzinsipho, ikhanda, izinkinga zombono noma ukukhula ngokweqile kwezinwele zobuso nezomzimba.
Izimbangela ze-amenorrhea
Amaminorrhea eyinhloko
I-amenorrhea eyinhloko ithinta ngaphansi kwe-1% yamantombazane zisencane. Phakathi kwezizathu ezivame kakhulu:
- Okungajwayelekile kwe-Chromosomal. Zingaholela ekuqedeni okungakapheli amaqanda nama-follicles abathintekayo ekusebenzeni kwe-ovulation nokuya esikhathini.
- Inkinga nge hypothalamus. Ebhekene nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwe-hypothalamus - indawo yobuchopho, elawula ukusebenza komzimba kanye nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile, ukuphazamiseka kokudla, okunjenge-anorexia, kanye nokucindezeleka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kungaholela ekuphazamiseni umsebenzi ovamile we-hypothalamus. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ukubonakala kwesisu ngaphakathi hypothalamus yisisekelo sokumiswa kokusebenza kwayo okujwayelekile.
- Izifo ze-Pituitary. I-pituitary gland ingumgogodla ebuchosheni obulawula umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Ukuba khona kwesisu noma ezinye izinhlobo zentuthuko enobudlova kungathinta ikhono le-pituitary gland ukwenza imisebenzi yalo.
- Ukungabikho kwezitho zangasese. Ngezinye izikhathi phakathi nokuthuthukiswa kwe-embryonic, izimo eziphuthumayo zenzeka, okuholela ekubeni amantombazane azalwe engenamalungu amaningi ohlelweni lokuzala, njengesibeletho, umlomo wesibeletho noma ubulili. Kulezi zimo, ukungabi khona kwesisu noma i-amenorrhea kufanele kubhekane nokuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wokuzala.
- Izifo zokwelapha zesisu. I-pathologies yesakhiwo se-vagin ingavimbela ukuphuma kokubonakala kokuphuma esikhathini. Ngezinye izikhathi ubulili buvinjelwe yi-membrane noma umgoqo, okuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi esibelethweni nesisu somlomo wesibeletho.
I-amenorrhea yesibili
I-amenorrhea yesibili ivame kakhulu kunokuqala. Isizathu salo singase sibe:
- Ukukhulelwa. Kulaba besifazane abaneminyaka yobudala bokubeletha, ukukhulelwa yisona sizathu esivame kakhulu sokuntuleka kokuya esikhathini. Uma iqanda elikhulelwe lifaka udonga lwesibeletho, udonga lwamaqanda oluqala ukondla umbungu.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa. Abanye kulaba besifazane abaphethe amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha abanalo umjikelezo ocacile wokuya esikhathini. Ngemuva kokuyeka ukuthatha izisu zomlomo ngomlomo, ukujwayelekile kungathatha izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuba kuvuselelwe ukuvuthwa njalo nokuya esikhathini. Izindlela zokubeletha kanye namadivayisi we-intrauterine aqukethe i-progesterone nazo zingabangela i-amenorrhea.
- Ukubeletha. Omama abahlengikazi nabo bavame ukuhlushwa yi-amenorrhea. Nakuba bane-ovulation, kodwa ukuya esikhathini akukwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ngisho nalesi simo owesifazane angakhulelwa futhi! Ngisho nalapho kungekho esikhathini.
- Ukucindezeleka. Ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo kungadala isikhathi eside umsebenzi we-hypothalamus - ingxenye yengqondo elawula ama-hormone alawula umjikelezo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuvota nokuya esikhathini kungamiswa. Umjikelezo wanyangazonke wenyanga uqala futhi ngemva kokunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
- Imithi. Ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezithile zezidakamizwa kungaholela ekupheleni komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Isibonelo, izidakamizwa zokucindezeleka, izifo ze-neuroleptics, ezinye izidakamizwa zamakhemikhali kanye ne-corticosteroids zingaholela ekuqaleni kwe-amenorrhea.
- Izifo. Izifo ezingapheli zingalimaza noma ziyeke esikhathini. Ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kwesikhatsi ngokuvamile kuqhubeka.
- Ukungalingani kwamaHormon. Isizathu esivamile se-amenorrhea noma umjikelezo ongavamile kuyisifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-polycystic ovary syndrome. Lesi simo siholela ekunyuseni okulingana ezingeni lama-hormone e-estrogen kanye ne-androgens emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lama-hormone akhiqizwa yi-pituitary gland linciphisa, okuholela ekungabikho kokuya esikhathini. I-Polycystic i-ovary syndrome iholela ekutheni ukukhuluphala, ngokuvamile kuvame ukwanda kwamagciwane e-uterine, ama-acne, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinwele ezibucayi ngokweqile.
- Isisindo somzimba esincane. Isisindo somzimba esiningi ngokweqile sichazamisa umsebenzi wamahomoni amaningi emzimbeni futhi singamisa ukuvunguza. Abesifazane abanenkinga yokudla, njenge-anorexia noma i-bulimia, kaningi abanalo umjikelezo wenyanga eyodwa ngenxa yalezi zinguquko ze-hormone.
Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile. Abesifazane abahlanganyela emidlalweni efuna ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba, njenge-ballet, egijima ibanga elide noma ama-gymnastics, ngokuvamile bahlushwa umjikelezo wokungena ongavamile. Izinto ezibangela ukungabi nesikhathi sokuya esikhathini kubagijimi - inani elincani lamanoni angaphansi kwesikhumba, ukuphakama okukhulu kanye namandla engeziwe.
- Ukungasebenzi komzimba we-Thyroid. Umsebenzi ophansi we-gland gland (hypothyroidism), uvame ukubangela ukuphazamiseka ngisho nokungabikho kokuya esikhathini. Izifo zegciwane le-thyroid zingaholela ezingeni eliphansi noma eliphakeme lokukhiqizwa kweprolactin - ihomoni ekhishwa yi-pituitary gland. Izinguquko ezingeni leprolactin zingathinta umsebenzi we-hypothalamus futhi ziphazamise ukujwayela kwendondo yokuya esikhathini.
- Izicubu ze-pituitary gland. Izicubu ze-pituitary (i-adenoma noma i-prolactinoma) zingabangela ukukhiqiza ngokweqile kwe-prolactin. Ukwedlula i-prolactin kungaphazamisa imisebenzi ye-pituitary gland, njengomlawuli wokujikeleza kokuya esikhathini. Lolu hlobo lwesisu luphathwa ngemithi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukukhishwa okudingekayo kuyadingeka.
- Izibazi ezingenakudla kanye nokunamathela. Kulesi simo, isimo esivela lapho umkhuhlane uqoqa khona embranini yesikhumba esibelethweni esibelethweni. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yenqubo yezokwelapha ezihlobene nesibindi, njengokukhulisa nokukhishwa, isigaba sokugcina noma ukwelashwa kwe-uterine fibrosis. Ukunamathela kwe-intrauterine kanye nezibazi kuphazamisa ukukhula nokukhula okujwayelekile kwesibeletho, okuholela ekunciphiseni noma ekungeneni okuphelele kokuya esikhathini.
- Ukuyeka esikhathini sokuqala. Njengomthetho, ukuphuma esikhathini sokusebenza kwenzeka kubantu besifazane abaneminyaka engama-45 kuya ku-55. Uma lokhu kwenzeka esikhathini esikudala, ukuyeka esikhathini sokumiswa kuchazwa njengengakapheli. Uma kungekho umsebenzi okwanele wama-ovari, inani lokujikeleza i-estrogen emzimbeni liyancipha, okuholela ekunciphiseni i-membrane yamangcwaba yesibeletho nokungabikho kokuya esikhathini. Ukuyeka esikhathini sokuqala kungase kube umphumela wezici zofuzo noma isifo esizimele. Ngokuvamile, noma kunjalo, izizathu zalo azikho.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-amenorrhea
Nakuba i-amenorrhea ingabonakali ngenxa yezifo ezisongela ukuphila, ingaholela ezinkingeni eziningana ze-hormonal eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukudalula imbangela yangempela ye-amenorrhea kungathatha isikhathi eside futhi kungadinga ukusetshenziswa kwezivivinyo eziningana. Okokuqala, udokotela wakho uzokucela ukuba uthathe ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa. Ukwengeza, ukuhlolwa okugcwele komzimba kuzokwenziwa ukuze kubonakale izimpawu zokukhulelwa noma ezinye izinkinga ngezigameko zokubeletha. Uma ungakhulelwe, udokotela uzoqhuba ukuhlolwa kwangokwenyama futhi uzokubuza imibuzo mayelana nempilo yakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha. Kwabesifazane abasebasha, lokhu kubuyekezwa kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwezimpawu nezimpawu eziphawulekayo kokukhulelwa. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola izinga lamahomoni, ukuhlola umsebenzi we -roid kanye nezinga le-hormone ye-prolactin. Futhi, odokotela bangaluleka okuthiwa i-progestin test, lapho isiguli sithatha izidakamizwa ze-hormone (progestogen) izinsuku ezingu-7-10. Isidakamizwa senza ukuphuma kwegazi. Imiphumela yalokhu kuhlola ibonisa ukuthi i-amenorrhea ihlotshaniswa nokungabikho kwe-estrogen.
Kuye ngezibonakaliso nezimpawu, nemiphumela yazo zonke izivivinyo nokuhlolwa kwegazi, udokotela angadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. I-tomography yekhompyutheni, i-resonance magnetic noma i-ultrasound ingathola izicubu emgodini we-pituitary nezinye izifo zesakhiwo ezithombeni zokuzala. Okokugcina, i-laparoscopy noma i-hysteroscopy ngezinye izikhathi iphakanyiswa. Lezi zivimbela izindlela zokuhlinzwa, lapho izitho zangasese zangaphakathi zingahlolwa khona.
Ukwelashwa kwe-amenorrhea
Ukwelapha, uma kunjalo, kuxhomeke ekubambeni kwe-amenorrhea. Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela uncoma ukuguquka endleleni yokuphila, kuye ngesisindo sesiguli, umsebenzi womzimba nokuqina kokucindezeleka. Uma unesifo se-polycystic ovary syndrome noma i-amenorrhea yezemidlalo, udokotela wakho angakwazi ukunikeza izisu zokubeletha ngomlomo ukuxazulula le nkinga. I-Amenorrhea ngenxa yokwephulwa kwegciwane le-thyroid noma i-pituitary gland ikhombisa enye ukwelashwa.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema ukungabi khona kwesikhatsi ukuhola impilo enempilo:
- Shintsha ukudla kwakho futhi uhlanganyele emzimbeni ukuze uzuze futhi ugcine isisindo endaweni ephilile.
- Gcina ukulinganisela okunempilo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke - umsebenzi, ukuphumula nokuphumula.
- Hlela ukuthi yiziphi izimpikiswano nezinkinga zokuphikisana empilweni yakho, futhi uzame ukuzigwema. Uma ungakwazi ukunciphisa umthelela wokucindezeleka ngokwakho - cela umndeni wakho, abangane, noma udokotela usizo.
Gada izinguquko emjikelezweni wokuya esikhathini, futhi uma kukhona okukhathazayo noma okukukhathazayo-funa iseluleko kuchwepheshe. Gcina idayari kanye nenyanga zonke uphawu lokuqala komjikelezo ngamunye wokuya esikhathini, ubude bayo kanye nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ozizwayo. Khuluma nomama wakho, udadewabo, noma esinye isihlobo esiseduze sowesifazane, bese uthola ukuthi banezinkinga ezifanayo. Lolu hlobo lwolwazi lungasiza udokotela ukucacisa imbangela ye-amenorrhea kuwe. Ngezinye izikhathi i-amenorrhea ibangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu nokukhathazeka. Khona-ke udokotela kuphela uzohlola izimpawu zokungabikho kokuya esikhathini, izimbangela, ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo. Ngodokotela, ungathola indlela yokulawula umjikelezo wanyangazonke.