Ama-gland akhiqiza ama-hormone abizwa ngokuthi ama-gland of secretion yangaphakathi, ngoba imikhiqizo yomsebenzi wabo bayayifaka kwigazi noma i-lymph. Izindwangu zomsindo wangaphakathi zihlanganisa: indlu yangasese ye-pituitary, i-epiphysis, i-thyroid gland, ama-pair of pearlroid gland, i-thymus gland, ama-pancreas, ama-adrenals kanye nama-glands.
Iningi lezigulane ezikhiqiza ama-hormone zincane kakhulu. Isibonelo, umzimba we-pituitary ulinganisa u-0.6 kg, nazo zonke izigulane ezibucayi ndawonye - kuphela u-0.15 kg.
Zakha inani elincanyana lamahomoni. Isibonelo, ingubo yegciwane empilweni yonke yomuntu ekhishwa egazini kuphela 20 g we-thyroxine hormone. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nenani elincane kangaka linelungelo lokubiza ukulungiswa okudingekayo ezingxenyeni ezikude nezigcawu ze-endocrine. Uma ukwephulwa okuncane kokulinganisa okusebenzayo phakathi kwezinhlelo ezinkulu ze-hormonal, imiphumela emibi ingavela. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-hormone balance kubonakala yizifo ezimbi, ukwephula ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amahomoni amaningana angakhiwe ezinkimbeni ze-endocrine, kodwa ezinzimbeni zomzimba. Kuleli qembu, okuthiwa ama-hormone ama-tishu, kufaka ama-hormone alawula inqubo yokugaya ukudla, ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi amathumbu nokuvinjelwa kwe-insulini. Esinye isigaba esithile esikhethekile sama-hormone ama-tissue ama-neurohormones.
Ama-hormone enza njenge-biocatalysts. Ngamanye amazwi, ama-hormone enza njengabathwali bokwaziswa kuphela, abizwa ngokuthi abaxhumanisi (abathumeli). Abahlanganyeli ekusebenziseni kwamagciwane okubangelwa yibo, ngakho-ke ukubunjwa kwabo akuguquki ngesikhathi lezi zimpendulo. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ama-hormone akhuphuki, ahlala njalo (isibonelo, esesibindi) agwetshiwe noma agxiliwe ngokusebenzisa izinso. Ngakho-ke, emzimbeni womuntu onempilo, ukuhlushwa kwe-hormone cishe kuhlale njalo.
Ngokwezimo zamakhemikhali ama-hormone ahlukaniswe amaprotheni - prolactin, amahomoni we-pituitary, i-steroid-estrogens, i-progesterone ne-amino acid. Nakuba ama-hormone anegazi ne-lymph asakaza kuwo wonke umzimba, kodwa abangela ukusabela kuphela kumaseli athile noma izitho ezithile. Ukusebenzisana kwe-hormone ne-receptors kubangele ukuthi wonke umuntu asebenze ngokusabela kwe-biochemical esitokisini.
Umsebenzi wesistimu ye-hormonal kumele ilawulwe ngokuthembekile futhi ngokungenasici. Ngoba ngisho nokuhluleka okuncane kakhulu kuzobangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu emzimbeni.
Ukwakhiwa kokubeletha kwe-hormonal kubandakanya ukufaniswa kwama-hormone amabili wesifazane wesifazane, i-estrogen ne-progesterone. Bangakwazi ukufaka isandla ekubonakalweni kokucindezeleka, i-migraine ne-varicose veins. Khona-ke udokotela ukhetha omunye umuthi onemiphumela emibi engaphansi.
Indima ebaluleke kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwe-hormonal idlalwe yi-pituitary gland kanye nengxenye yobuchopho obuphakathi - i-hypothalamus.
I-hormone yokukhula (i-hormone yokukhula) ilawula ukukhula komzimba womuntu. Iprolactin inikeza ukukhiqizwa ubisi. I-oxytracine ibangela ukuphazamiseka. I-hormone ye-antidiuretic inqanda ukukhululwa komthamo ngamanzi.
I-Estrogen ne-progesterone ilawula ukujikeleza kokuya esikhathini futhi isekele inkambo yokukhulelwa esimweni esivamile.