Umndeni wakwaTarkovsky
Ngakho, yini eyayithakazelisayo ekuphileni kukaTarkovsky? I-biography yomqondisi yaqala njengabo bonke abanye - kusukela ekuzalweni. Usuku lokuzalwa kuka-Andrew - ngo-Ephreli 4, 1932. Umlando walowo muntu onethalente waqala emzaneni ovamile waseRussia. Umndeni wakwaTarkovsky uhlala esifundeni seTrans-Volga esifundeni sase-Ivanovo. Kodwa-ke, abazali bakaAndrei babefundile kakhulu futhi behlakaniphile. Mhlawumbe, kwakungenxa yabo ukuthi i-biography ye-genius ye-cinematic yakhiwa. Iqiniso liwukuthi ubaba womqondisi wayengumbongi, futhi unina ungumdlali we-actress.
Ubuntwana "obuhle" bukaTarkovsky
Naphezu kokuthi u-Andrei wakhulela emzaneni, wayehlale ezwa okuthile okukhethekile, wayengumzukulu wezingane. Uma bonke abafana bebengakunaki ukuthi babezicathulo ezihlanzekile, ngabe ngabe babephethe ihembe elihlanzekile, kwakubaluleke kakhulu ku-Andrei. Naphezu kobumpofu bomndeni, futhi emva kwakho konke, umama wamvusa yedwa, ngoba ubaba washiya lapho umfana eneminyaka emihlanu kuphela, wayehlala ehlukile lapho ebheka le fashini futhi wakwazi ukuyihlobisa. Lapho yena nonina befudukela eMoscow, u-Andrew waqala nokubonisa ukuthi uyini ngempela. Umfana nonina bahlala eZamoskvorechye baya esikoleni sendawo. Ngendlela, kwakukhona esikoleni lapho imbongi odumile u-Andrei Voznesensky efunda naye.
U-Andrei Tarkovsky akazange akhiphe noma axoshwe. Wayekwazi ukuthola indlela futhi axhumane nawo wonke umuntu. Ngisho nabafundisi babalingana naye. Wayehluke kakhulu kumfana osemusha waseSoviet. U-Andrew ubelokhu engumuntu obala inkululeko futhi wazizwa ngaphakathi kwakhe. Lokho kungakwazi ukukhokhela abantu abambalwa abahlala ngaleso sikhathi. Wonke umuntu wayazi ukuthi ukukhululeka kunjani. Kodwa u-Andrei akazange akwesabe lokhu. Wahlale ehlala njalo, wacabanga ngendlela ayeyifunayo, futhi wathi lokho akubheka okudingekayo ukuveza.
Ubuciko empilweni yakhe
UTarkovsky wayenesithakazelo kwezobuciko kusukela esemncane. Waya eSikoleni Sezobuciko esabizwa ngemva kuka-1905. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni samabanga aphansi, umqondisi wesikhathi esizayo akazange azi ukuthi ubani ofuna ukuba ngubani. Umfana wangena emnyangweni we-Arabhu eMiddle East we-Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies. Wayenesithakazelo futhi waze waya eSiberia. Lapho, emfuleni, lo mfana wachitha zonke izinyanga ezintathu ekuhambeni kwemvelo. Kodwa nokho, uthando lokudala lwaluthatha umonakalo, futhi ngemva kokubuyela eMoscow, u-Andrei waya kuVGIK. Lapho wadlula izivivinyo wangena emhlanganweni weMikhail Romm. Kwaye naye wafunda okuningi owaziwayo kuze kube yimanje izinkanyezi zalesi sizukulwane. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke kulesi sifundazwe kwavela amathalenta abo engavamile u-Andrei Tarkovsky noVasily Shukshin. Ngendlela, lapho uShakshin noTarkovsky bathatha izivivinyo, ikhomishana ngesizathu esithile sasingafuni ukuba abafana bavunyelwe esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme. Bonke othisha batshela uRomm ukuba angathathi izingane. Futhi akazange avumelane, ethatha omunye nomunye. UVasily no-Andrey babehlukile, njengamafutha namanzi. Ngokuyinhloko abazange baphenduke, kodwa uRomma wacabanga ukuthi kwakungobuntu obunjalo obunjalo obudingekayo. Yileyo ndlela abafana abaphelile ngayo emsebenzini wakhe.
Izifundo kanye namaphrojekthi okuqala
Phakathi nezifundo zakhe, uTarkovsky waba abangane abasondelene kakhulu noKonchalovsky. Lapha nje imibono efanayo eguqulelwe ekudaleni nasekuphileni. Yingakho abafana bahlala benza yonke imisebenzi eyabelwe yona ngokuhlanganyela. Babethanda ukusebenza ngokulandelana, ukwabelana ngemibono. Umsebenzi wabo wesikhishobhi kwakuyisiqeshana esifushane "I-skating rink ne-violin". Kwaba mnandi kakhulu futhi kuphumelele kangangokuthi wawina umklomelo omkhulu eNew York, lapho kwakukhona umncintiswano phakathi kwamafilimu abafundi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1961.
Mosfilm
Ngemva kokuphothula, uTarkovsky wafika kuMosfilm. Ifilimu yokuqala eyadutshulwa yayingu "Ivan's Childhood." Le ndaba mayelana nezingane ezafika phambili zaqala ukwethembeka futhi ezimbi kangangokuba iTarkovsky yaqaphela ngokushesha. Khona-ke isithombe "Ngineminyaka engamashumi amabili ubudala" sivele esikrinini. Kule ifilimu, kubonakala abantu abaningi obuhle. Futhi akuzona nje abadlali, kodwa futhi nezimbongi. Lokhu, isibonelo, njengo-Andrei Voznesensky, uRobert Rozhdestvensky, uVadim Zakharchenko.
Enye ifilimu, "u-Andrei Rublev," owahamba phesheya ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Ukukhathazeka kuka-Andrew," wawungumbukiso wangempela. Kulo, uTarkovsky useqalile ukudalula ukuphikiswa kwakhe. Yingakho phesheya leli filimu lalibhekwa njengento ehlukile yobuciko. Kodwa esikhaleni saseSoviet sikhululwe ngokulinganiselwe, sinciphise kakhulu futhi sisuswe kalula. Yiqiniso, ngaleso sikhathi kwakungenakwenzeka ukukhuluma ngobuqotho futhi ekuqaleni ngokuphila komdwebi omkhulu wesithonjana. UTarkovsky wakwazi ukukhombisa okuningi okwakudingeka ukuba athule eSoviet Union.
Khona-ke uTarkovsky wathatha ubuciko obubili obuyiqiniso, abayithandayo kuze kube yilolu suku. Lokhu, ngempela, "Solaris" no "Stalker". Amabili kulawa mafilimu abe yi-godsend yangempela ye-cinema yaseSoviet. Zithakazelisa kakhulu futhi ziyiqiniso ukuthi azikwazi ukuqhathaniswa nabaningi abaningi be-Hollywood blockbusters. Ngaphandle kwemiphumela ekhethekile, izingubo ezibizayo nezemihlobiso, uTarkovsky wakwazi ukuveza ukuthi ubuciko bomlando wezesayensi yekhulu lama-20. Waba ngumlando ngesikhathi esaphila, uhulumeni waseSoviet akazange ambone. U-Andrew wayengenalo indawo ezweni lakubo. Ngakho waya e-Italy, kamuva waya eFrance. U-Andrei wathatha izithombe ezimbili ezihle, futhi nakuba zanikezwa imiklomelo, zazivinjelwe eSoviet Union. Futhi kwakubuhlungu kakhulu futhi bubuhlungu.
Udumo oluthunyelwe
UTarkovsky wayengakaze abonakale, ephila. Futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe, lapho amandla aseSoviet ewa, akhuluma ngaye. Manje lo mqondisi uhlonipha isizukulwane esidala kanye nentsha. Empeleni, uyisithonjana se-cinema. Nguye lowo muntu owazi ukudubula amafilimu amaningi, ajulile nabangenangqondo lapho kwakungavinjelwe khona. Nansi unjalo, ongenakuthola futhi othakazelisayo, i-biography ye-Tarkovsky, engaziwa ngesikhathi sakhe njengengcweti ye-cinema ...