Iyini ikhanda?
Ukuphathwa ikhanda okuhlala njalo kuwuphawu oluvame kakhulu. Sivame ukukubhekisela ngaphandle noma ngezinye izikhathi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi singasebenzisa isizathu sokungabi namlandu ("Uxolo, othandekayo, hhayi namuhla! .."). Siyahlawuliswa ngenxa yokunciphisa kwethu ukucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka noma ukunyuka kwengcindezi yokunyuka kwengcindezi ... "Ukuzichazela" izibhebhe eziningi ezikhangisiwe, ezihlekisayo: "Ikhambi elihle kakhulu lekhanda elingu-guillotine." Eqinisweni, "insimbi" enjalo ephazamisayo ingase ikhombise ukuthi kukhona isifo somuntu - kusukela ku-migraine kuya kwi-neoplasms enamandla ebuchosheni. Into eyinhloko ukwenza ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi. Futhi ekuqaleni, kungcono, ngoba ubuchopho kanye ne-pituitary gland yizitho ezisengozini kakhulu. Izinkomba ezidingekile zokuhlolwa ziphikisana nezinhlungu zomzimba ezingapheli, ezingapheli noma eziphindaphindiwe - isibonelo, nsuku zonke noma ukungavumeli phakathi nosuku - futhi, yiqiniso, amacala okulahlekelwa ulwazi. Ngakho, wanquma ukuya kudokotela. Siyabonga uNkulunkulu, uma lokhu kunguchwepheshe onokuhlangenwe nakho okuhle, futhi wazi kahle ukuthi inkinga yakho iyini nokuthi ungayiphenya kanjani. Kodwa uma kunesidingo sokuqhuba ukuhlolwa okungeziwe (futhi njengoba uqonda, umphumela walo uzokwandisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthembeka kokuthola ukuxilongwa), ngokuqinisekile ungabhekana nokukhetha: yiyiphi?
Kuze kube yimanje, kunezindlela ezintathu ezihlukene ngokuyisisekelo zokubukwa (okungukuthi, ikhono lokuthola isithombe esicacile odokotela) wezicubu nezitho zangaphakathi. Njengoba i-ultrasound (i-ultrasound), isiguli akudingeki ukuba sihlale singenasimo, futhi singabizi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, isici somuntu sibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ukuma kwe-sensor, isikhundla sayo eshintsha njalo ngesikhathi sokuskena, sincike ngokuphelele ekufundeni udokotela. Ukunikeza ikhwalithi yezithombe eziphakeme uma uhlola uhlelo lwamathambo namaphaphu, i-computed tomography (CT), ngeshwa, ayihlinzeki ngokucacile kwesakhiwo sobuchopho. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanzima ngokuhlukana okuphansi kwezicubu ezithambile "esithombeni". Futhi ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwe-CT yiyona imithwalo yemisebe yesiguli. Omncane kunazo zonke, futhi mhlawumbe, indlela ephakeme kunazo zonke yokuhlolwa namuhla i-imagination magnetic resonance (MRI).
Ake sibheke iNgcwelengcwele
I-imagination ye-resonance magnetic iyinhlangano yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ezimweni eziningi inqubo yokuhlola yokufundisa. Phakathi kwezinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko ukungabikho kwemisebe ye-ionizing kanye nomthwalo wemithwalo yemisebe esibhedlela, okusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhlola izingane ngisho (ngokusho kwezinkomba zezokwelapha) omama esikhathini esizayo emva kokuqala kokuqala kokukhulelwa. I-magnontic resonance tomograph yenza ucwaningo kumodi othomathikhi, inombono ophezulu wezindawo, okwazi "ukubheka" emaceleni omzimba ofihliwe kakhulu, unikeza isithombe esilandelayo (izinhlamvu "ezibonakalayo" zingatholakala kunoma yimuphi indiza) kanye "nesithombe" esicacile sobuchopho. Phakathi kwazo zonke izindlela zokwenza ucwaningo lwezokwelapha, i-MRI inikeza ukungafani okuphakathi komphakathi. Okusho ukuthi, ulwazi oluthathwa "i-tomograph" luzobe luphelele ngangokunokwenzeka namhlanje futhi luzonikeza isithombe esiphezulu kudokotela olaphayo. Izithiyo zale ndlela zingabonakala kuphela ngesidingo sokuba isiguli silondoloze ukuguquleka okuphelele ngesikhathi senqubo, ukwandisa isikhathi sokutadisha, uma kunesidingo, ukuze kutholakale ukuxazulula okukhulu kwesithombe kanye ... nomsindo othile ohambisana nokusebenza kwezixhobo. Ukuphikisana ngokuphelele kwe-MRI kubonakala sengathi kukhona ukungena kwezinto ngaphakathi kwenyama (ngaphandle kwe-titanium ne-tantalum), kanye ne-pacemaker. I-MRI isekelwe ezimisweni ze-nuclear magnetic resonance (sikhuluma ngokumunca nokukhishwa kwamandla emkhakheni wevolumu yomsakazo we-spectrum magnetic spectrum), akukho lutho olwenziwe ngemisebe ngaphandle. Ngomzimba nje wesiguli, efakwe ensimini enamandla engunaphakade, engenabungozi kubantu, njengoba iba isiteshi somsakazo, ukusakazwa ngokuzimele mayelana nokuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi. Umsebenzi we-tomograph yukwamukelwa nokucubungula kwalezi zimpawu zomsakazo, kulandelwa ukwakheka kwezithombe.
Lawula "ukudubula" ekhanda
Uma kulesi sifundo (uNkulunkulu akavumelani, kunjalo!) I-tumor itholakala emgodini we-cranial, lokhu akusho neze ukuthi kuyadingeka ukubeka isiphambano empilweni yomuntu. Okokuqala, ngenxa yezinzwa ze-neurosurgeons, ukusebenza kobuchopho sekusejwayelekile. Futhi okwesibili, uma ukuxilongwa kuqhutshwa esiteshini sokuqala sesifo, okungukuthi, isifo esincane, noma "sinamahloni" sosayizi encane (kufika ku-30 mm), ungenza ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa - ngomqondo ovamile wegama. Ngempela, maduzane, isimangaliso siye sabasiza iziguli, njengommese we-gamma. Leyunithi ye-radiosurgical iyinhlangano yekhompyutha ephezulu esebenzisa impumelelo yakamuva kuma-rayology yezokwelapha, i-neurosurgery ne-robotics. "Umgunyathi" wesifo unesisindo esisodwa kusukela emthonjeni wama-201. Ngezimbobo ezikhethekile ezigqokeni, ezifakwa ekhanda lesiguli, imishanguzo ihambela endaweni ecaciswe kukhompyutha. Kulesi simo, i-boram ngayinye ayinayo umonakalo ebuchosheni, kodwa iguqukela ku-isocenter, ndawonye iba yinto enesihluku ngenxa yesisu, ngoba yenza i-dose ephelele. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esifanayo kungenzeka ukuba "usebenze" kuze kufike eziyishumi izikhungo zenkinga ezikhona.
Inqubo ngokwayo yenziwa kanye, asikho isidingo se-trepanation ye-skull nokubandakanya esikhumbeni, njengoba usuqonda kakade, cha, futhi ngeke kube khona iziqu nezinhlamvu ezilandelayo. Yebo, lapho ukuthi usho ukuthi, uhlangothi lwezobuciko lwendaba, okungukuthi, izinwele zakho, ngeke luhlupheke noma, ngaphandle uma umdwebo kuzodingeka ulungiswe. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, isiguli asidingi ukuvala ukuphila okusebenzayo amasonto ambalwa, izinsuku eziningana zizokwenela konke mayelana nakho konke, kucabangela isikhathi esichithwa emgwaqeni nokuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe kwe-MRI. Ukuphinda futhi, ubufakazi bokusebenzisa ummese we-gamma akuyona inhlamba enkulu kakhulu futhi kunakekelwa ngokweqile ngempilo yomuntu. Yiqiniso, ukusola ngokweqile kungahle kuphenduke impilo yethu kanye nokuba khona kwabanye. Kodwa-ke, akumelwe neze kudidaniswe ne-sanity: lokhu okumele kube ngumngane obalulekile kumuntu wonke. Ngezinye izikhathi ngesikhathi sokuzivikela - kusho ukususa izinkinga ezinkulu esikhathini esizayo. Ngelinye igama, ungacabangi nganoma yini engafaneleki, kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi unayo!