Okhokho bethu abakude babengakwazi ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi izwe elibazungezile ligcwele abantu abaningi amabutho aphilayo angabonakali. Kuphela ngokusungulwa kwe-microscope esikhathini sekhulu le-XVII kwenzeka ukuthi abantu babone lezi zindaba ezimangalisayo. Kodwa lezi ziphilayo eziphilayo zivele eplanethi yethu eziningana eziyizinkulungwane zezigidi edlule! Izinto ezincane kunazo zonke eziphilayo zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Ama-bacterium aguqula izinto eziphilayo zibe yinto engavamile, aqede iplanethi yethu yezidumbu, nezinsizakalo ezincane eziwusizo ezihlala emgqabeni wokugaya, esikhumbeni nasezikhungwini ze-mucous, zibandakanye ekugayeni, zisisindise "ezihlotsheni" ze-pathogenic futhi zihlanganise nama-vithamini amanye. Emakhulwini eminyaka ambalwa ososayensi bebelokhu "bebukela" okwenzekayo kuleli "zwe elifanayo". Izinto ezitholakala emkhakheni wezinto ezincane ze-microbiology zavumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela ezifanele, zesayensi zokuphatha izifo, kanye nezinyathelo ezivimbela ukusatshalaliswa kwabo okukhulu kwamagciwane - abangane kanye nezitha zomuntu.
"Amakhamera" anonya
Esikhathini esedlule, ukwelashwa kwakubhekwa njengenye yezifo ezimbi kakhulu futhi eziyingozi. Ukusuka e-India, lapho kuvela khona i-foci yayo, lesi sifo sagxila kwamanye amazwe, sithwele ukufa nokubhujiswa. Akekho owaziyo ukubhekana nalesi sifo. Ukucubungula ngaphansi kwe-microscope amanzi athathwa emanzini okutholakala khona i-cholera, abacwaningi bathola kuzo izinto ezincane eziphilayo ezinesimo se-comma futhi ngokushesha zihanjiswe ngosizo lwe-flagella. Lokhu kwakungumsebenzi we-causative wekholera. Ukutholakala kwasiza ekuhlakuleleni izindlela eziphumelelayo ezingakunqoba ukugula, futhi emva kwesikhathi isikhola saphela ukuba isifo esesabekayo nesesabekayo. Ngosizo lwe-microscope, izinambuzane ezibangelwa isifo sofuba, i-typhoid fever, ne-anthrax nazo zitholakala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ososayensi baqamba izidakamizwa zokulwa nalezi zifo kanye namagciwane - abangane kanye nezitha zomuntu.
Amancane, yebo ama-microbes ezikude - abangane kanye nezitha zomuntu.
Ubukhulu bezinhlamvu ezincane - abangane kanye nezitha zomuntu kusuka ku-1000 kuya ku-millionths of millimeter, zingabhekwa kuphela ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lezi zinambuzane zakhiwa ngesisodwa esisodwa (ngaphandle - ezinye izifungi). Njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, ama-microbes akondla futhi akhiqiza. Umthombo omuhle wezakhi zomzimba yiwo imikhiqizo equkethe amanzi amaningi (ubisi, ama-broths), kanye nenyama, inhlanzi, njll. Ukushisa okunomsoco wokukhiqizwa kwamagciwane ezincane kungama-37-40 C. Kulezi zimo, ngemva kwehafu yehora inani lemikhakhazane liphindwe kabili, futhi amahora amabili akhula izikhathi ezingu-16, njll. Amakhambi ayanda kakhulu emvelweni: ku-1 ml yamanzi angcolile, amashumi ezinkulungwane ze-microbes angatholakala, ku-1 g wehlabathi lomquba kukhona izigidigidi.
I-microflora yomzimba womuntu "isisindo" kufika ku-1.5 kg. Ama-bacteria ahlala esikhumbeni, izinambuzane ezinamangcwaba, ezithombeni zesimiso sokugaya, okwenza indima yabasizi bethu nabavikeli bethu. "Amagciwane" - abangani kanye nezitha zomuntu nazo bazizwa bekhululekile emzimbeni wethu, futhi ngenxa yokukhubazeka kokuzivikela "baze bahlubule", bakhuthaze izifo ezihlukahlukene.
Izitha eziyimfihlo
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ngokukhwabanisa nokwehla kuyadingeka ukugcoba isilonda nge-disinfectant: utshwala, i-hydrogen peroxide noma i-iodine, ukuze ungashiyi ama-microbes ithuba.
Ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi (imetro, ezokuthutha ezinkulu, izitolo ezinkulu, amahholo amakhonsathi nezamabhayisikobho), inani lezinhlamvu ezincane lifinyelela ku-300 000 ngamamitha ayi-cubic eyodwa. Ngaphandle, zincane kakhulu. Ososayensi baye bathola izinambuzane ngisho nasezingeni eliphezulu lamamitha ayi-1000: ku-cubic meter eyodwa yomoya obonakala ubonakala uhlanzekile kunama-microbes angu-1500. Uma unegciwane lesandulela ngculaza elinamandla, umzimba uhlangabezana ngokuphumelelayo namabutho angabonakali. Kodwa uma lezi zivikelo zibuthakathaka, noma yikuphi ukuhlukumezeka okuncane okungahambi kahle kungadala lesi sifo. Khona-ke udinga ukubambelela ekuhlanzekeni ikakhulukazi ngokucophelela.
Ukusebenza "izandla ezihlanzekile"
Ukuhlanza njalo izandla kumuntu wanamuhla akuyona nje uphawu lokukhuliswa kahle nokunemba. Le nqubo elula iyakwazi ukuvikela izifo eziyingozi, ngoba kungenxa yezandla ezingcolile ezitholakala emzimbeni wethu. Ukugeza izandla ngezimiso ezithile kungenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela, okudinga isepha kuphela namanzi afudumele noma i-anti-anti-anti-anti-alcohol.
Phakathi nosuku, "siqongelela" ezandleni zamabhaktheriya - zingaba ezitebhisini, izinqola zesitimela, izingodo zomnyango, ikhibhodi yekhompiyutha kanye nezinye izindawo. Kungenxa yezandla ezingcolile izifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo nezifo ezithathelwanayo ezidluliswayo: i-ARVI, i-influenza, i-dysentery, i-enterobiosis, i-hepatitis A kanye nezinye izifo eziningana.
Uyakhumbula kusukela enkulisa ukuthi ngemuva kokuya endlini yangasese, nokubuya ekhaya kusukela ngaphambi kokudla, kufanele nakanjani ugeze izandla zakho ngesepha namanzi agijima.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza "izandla ezihlanzekile" ngesikhathi sezifo ze-epidemics, phakathi nenkathi yokukhushulwa kwezifo zonyaka.
Ingabe ubale imali, uchithe ukuthenga, uyifake ku-cabinet yesihlangu noma uqoqe izinto ezihlakazekile zomfundi wakho emgodini? Ungakhohlwa ukugeza izandla zakho - zonke izinto ozithinte nje azihlanzekile ngokuphelele! Indlela yengane evela emgwaqweni kuya egumbini noma ekhishini kufanele ihambe ngaphakathi endlini yokugezela, kungenjalo izingozi zakho ezithengayo nge-apula noma isangweji lokuthumela emlonyeni nazo ezincane ezincane - abangane kanye nezitha zomuntu.
Umvikeli onokwethenjelwa olwa namagciwane ajwayelekile - abangane kanye nezitha zomuntu - insipho ye-bactericidal. Iqukethe i-antibacterial component ye-triclosan, ngenxa yokuthi yiziphi izinambuzane ezincane ze-pathogenic nezimo ezisetshenziswayo ezisuswe ebusweni bezandla. Yingakho insipho ye-bactericidal kufanele ihlale kuyo yonke imizi, ngoba izokunika wena nomndeni wakho ukuvikelwa okuthembekile kunoma yisiphi isimo: emgwaqeni nasepikinikini, ekuhambeni kwekamu nasendlini ye-dacha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abakhiqizi be-bactericidal soap manje banikeza ama-flavour ahlukahlukene womkhiqizo wawo - kuwo wonke amathrekhi. Ungakhetha okukuhle kuwe!