Elinye lamatshe ayigugu iparele, elikhishwa emagobolondo amanye ama-mollusks awakhulisa unina weparele. Igama elithi mother-of-pearl livela kulo. I-Perlmutter "unina wamapharele". Ngenxa ye-ingress yezindaba zangaphandle (okusanhlamvu kwesihlabathi, njll) kugobolondo le-mollusc, ifomu lamapharele. Emayelana nento, ukuqala kwezingxenye zezingxenye ze-pearlescent ziqala. Amapharele awagcini nje kuphela, kodwa futhi akhulile ngezinga lezimboni (ikakhulu eJapane). Ukuze kutholakale amapharele okufakelwa, ubuhlalu obuvela emagobolondo acindezelwe kufakwa ngaphakathi kwe-mollusks, khona-ke ama-mollusk abuyela emanzini. Ukulungele ubuhlalu beparele bukhishwa kusukela kugobolondo ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile. Njengoba ukukhishwa kwamaparele emvelo kuyekekile kusukela ngo-1952, ezikhathini eziningi namuhla kunomunye okufanele abhekane namapharele aqoshiwe noma amakhemikhali. Indlela yokwahlukanisa amaparele wangempela kusuka kumakhohlisi?
Ungakwazi ukuhlola amaparele wangempela ngalezi zici ezilandelayo:
Usayizi:
kuxhomeke kohlobo lwe-shellfish. Okukhulu ngobukhulu, inani elibiza kakhulu. Iparele elikhulu kunawo wonke olinganiselwa ku-6 kg, ubude buka-24 cm nobubanzi buka-14 cm - owaziwa njengeparele lika Allah (noma - iparele leLou Tzu).
Ifomu:
amaparele engokwemvelo anomumo ohlukile. Ifomu elihle liyi-spherical. Kungaba ngamaparele futhi angabi naso, okubizwa ngokuthi "baroque".
Shanyisa:
kuncike esikhathini sonyaka. Iparele yasebusika inezingxenye ezincane zomama we-pearl, iparele lehlobo likhulu kakhulu nge-glitter encane. Ukuze uhlole amaparele, khanyisa kubaluleke kakhulu: uma uqhathanisa kakhulu, ubaluleka kakhulu iparele.
Umbala:
ngokuvamile emhlophe, ngezinye izikhathi kukhona pink and ukhilimu, futhi ophuzi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amaparele aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayabiza kakhulu futhi ajwayelekile.
ERussia yasendulo, ingxube ye-powder yomlotha, i-oak bark kanye ne-limestone yayisetshenziselwa ukupenda amaparele. Izindwangu zoboya zethusi zazisetshenziselwa ukuqedela ukupholisa.
Amaparele akhiqizwayo
Cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule, amaShayina aqala ukusebenzisa indlela yokuthola amaparele akhuliswe. Ukuze bathole amaparele anjalo, babeka izinto ezincane ezincane ngaphakathi kwegobolondo nge-mollusc. Ngemva kokungena kugobolondo lento encane, inqubo yokubunjwa kwamaparele yaqala: i-mollusc yavala le nto ngefilimu encane yomama we-pearl, njalo njalo. Ngemuva kokucwila kwakunamathengi e-wicker, futhi amabhasikidi awela emanzini isikhathi esithile (kusukela ezinyangeni eziningana kuya eminyakeni eminingana).
Kukholelwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamaparele okukhushulwa kwaqalwa kwaqalwa yiJapan Kokichi Mikimoto. Ngo-1893 wakwazi ukuthola amaparele akhulile ngendlela yokufakelwa. Ukuze athole iparele leCociti, uMikimoto wasebenzisa indlela yakudala yaseShayina, kodwa kunalokho noma yiziphi izinto ezincane ezibekwa ngaphakathi kwegobolondo, kwasetshenziswa umama wama-pearl ubuhlalu. Amaparele anjalo ngisho nongcweti kunzima ukuhlukanisa nemvelo.
Izindlela zokuthola amaparele zokwenziwa (okufakelwayo)
Ngaphezu kwamaparele akhonywe, izwe likhiqizwa ngamaparele amanga (ama-synthetic). Kunezindlela eziningi zokuthola lelo pearl lamanga. Enye yezindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwezingilazi ezingenalutho, ezincanyana zezingilazi. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi, amaparele adluliselwa kulezi zibhola, ngokuvamile ezinye izitsha zibuye zisetshenziswe. Amapharele amasha ahlukile kwesisindo sangempela (esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu) kanye ne-fragility yayo. Futhi, i-glass piece eyodwa yezingilazi ikhiqizwa. Zifakwe amadayi (afana nomama we-pearl) nokulungisa umbala nge-varnish.
Ngenxa yentuthuko eqinile yezindlela zokwenza ubucwebe "ngaphansi kwamaparele emvelo" kunzima ngisho nakwachwepheshe abambalwa ukuhlukanisa amaparele emvelo asuka ekukhohliseni ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezikhethekile.
Umehluko phakathi kwaleli maparele namafake
Izindlela ongazihlukanisa ngazo amaparele angokwemvelo ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: "abantu" kanye "nesayensi".
Izindlela ezidumile:
- Enye yezindlela ezilula zokuhlukanisa amaparele emvelo ekusetshenzisweni (okufakelwayo) ukubamba iparele ngezinyo. Iparele yangempela izokhipha ngesikhathi esifanayo.
- Uma iparele langempela liphonswa endaweni eqinile ukusuka ekuphakameni okuncane, ngakho ngenxa yobungakanani bayo obuphezulu buzogxuma njengebhola le-tennis yamapayipi (ping-pong). Amaparele okufakelwa (amafake) angenayo le ndawo.
- Futhi, ungathatha ishidi lamakhadibhodi, unqume imbobo kuyo encane kuneparele ehlolwayo. Beka iparele kulo mgodi bese uletha ishidi lamakhadibhodi emthonjeni wokukhanya. Iparele elikhulile lingabona ungqimba oluvuthayo lwe-mother-of-pearl nucleus yembewu emnyama.
- Ukubeka iparele elikhuliswe emkhakheni we-electromagnetic, izophendukela futhi ithathe indawo ethile, kanti iparele langempela ngeke lihambise.
- Kukhona umbono wokuthi emisebeni ye-ultraviolet icwecwe amaparele evutha okwesibhakabhaka, ne-blue - okwamanje.
- Thola amaparele angamanga angaba, ngemuva kokuhlolisisa umgodi wokukhulisa ngamaparele (uma ikhona) futhi uthola ukuhlukaniswa phakathi komgogodla nobunqunu bomhlaba ngendlela yombala omncane, omnyama. Uzoqonda ukuthi unamaparele akhishwe phambi kwakho. Ukuqaphela umgodi ngamaparele akhonyane kubonakala kubonwe, ngoba kungcono kunemvelo.
Izindlela zesayensi:
- Isithombe se-X-ray samaparele akhishwe ngokucacile sibonisa ibhande phakathi komgogodla nocansi olukhulile. Uma kungekho nucleus, khona-ke kukhona isikhala esiphakathi kweparele. Cishe umphumela ofanayo sithola ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-radiography.
- Uma ubhapathizwa ketshezi, ubuningi be-2.7, amaparele engokwemvelo awayeki, ngokungafani nomanga.
- Amaparele ahlwanyelwe futhi angempela ngaphansi kwe-microscope abheka ubuso be-scaly, esimweni sezinkohliso, ubuso obushelelezi.