Lesi sifo sithinta ngokulinganayo bonke abantu beplanethi, kungakhathaliseki indawo yokuhlala noma iminyaka. Ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi akukhona nje umuntu, kodwa futhi nezinye izilwane zingabhekana nesifo sikashukela.
Namuhla, ngesilinganiso sokusabalalisa kanye nezinga lokufa, isifo sikashukela singasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-pathologies yesimiso senhliziyo kanye nezifo ezingokwemvelo. Ososayensi baqhubeka nokucwaninga okusebenzayo ekuthuthukiseni ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwesifo sikashukela kunalokho okusetshenziselwa namuhla. I-diabetes mellitus ibhekwa njengesifo esibi kakhulu, esinomthelela omkhulu kuwo wonke umzimba, kanye nendlela yokuphila yesiguli. Isiguli esinesifo sikashukela sinqunyelwa ukuba sigcine izimo ezihlukahlukene ukuze ungavumeli ukuwohloka kwesimo sakhe.
Isifo sikashukela sihlukaniswa ngokusho kwezibonakaliso ezihlukahlukene. Ukuhlukanisa isifo sikashukela esisekelwe yi-insulin futhi esingekho insulini (uhlobo 1 nohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sesibili, ngokulandelana), isifo sikashukela, esihlotshaniswa nezifo ezihlukahlukene zesithathu nesifo sikashukela esihlotshaniswa nokungondleki. Kuqembu elihlukile, isifo sikashukela sinikezwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifo sikashukela sihlukaniswe ubuhlungu besigaba sesi sifo.
Kulezi ziguli ezine-type 1 nohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sesibili, ukukhathala okusheshayo, ubuthakathaka nokulahlekelwa kwamandla kubonakala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana omzimba womuntu athola ushukela omncane, ngoba ukufaniswa kwe-hormone insulin kuhlangana. Ngenxa yokungondleki kwamangqamuzana, kudla indlala.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwe-diabetes mellitus (elixhomeke kwi-insulin) lithinta kakhulu intsha. Njengomthetho, ukudluliselwa ngumuntu, ukutheleleka ngegciwane kubangele ukufa kwesibalo esikhulu samangqamuzana e-pancreatic, okuba imbangela yesifo sikashukela. Futhi, ukulimala kwamaphancasi kungenzeka ngenxa yesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba esibuthakathaka. Ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala, umzimba wesiguli cishe uyeka ukukhiqiza i-insulin yedwa.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo sikashukela sikashukela noma isifo sikashukela esingaxhomeki ku-insulin sithinta kakhulu isizukulwane esidala. Kulolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela, umzimba awulahlekelwa amandla okukhiqiza i-insulin, kodwa kunalokho, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukhiqiza ngokweqile. Kodwa noma kunjalo, amangqamuzana omzimba awayitholi inani elidingekayo likashukela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana alahlekelwa ukuzwela kule hormone futhi abakwazi ukukubona. Isifo sikashukela salolu hlobo sibhekwa njengesifo esiyifa futhi ngokuvamile sitholakala kubantu abanesisindo somzimba ngokweqile.
Ngezansi ezinye zezibonakaliso ezingase zibonise isifo sikashukela:
- umuzwa wokoma njalo;
- ukuvuthwa njalo;
- ukwanda okwenziwe inani lomchamo.
Ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kukhona ukwehla okubukhali esisiswini somzimba, esingasifinyelela ku-10-15 kg. ngenyanga. Kukhona nobuthakathaka jikelele kanye nokukhathala. Insimbi ecacile yomuntu onempilo kufanele ibukeke iphunga lika-acetone emlonyeni.
Kuziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, isikhathi eside kakhulu sezifo ezithathelwanayo nokuphulukiswa isikhathi eside ngisho namanxeba amancane. Futhi, izimpawu ezingavamile zesifo sikashukela zingabhekwa njengesizungu esivamile, umbono obonakalayo, ukuvuvukala kanye nezimpande emilenzeni.
Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela luhlobo oluthile olukhula ngokushesha futhi olungapheli usizo ngolesi sifo luyingozi kakhulu.
Nge-type 2 yesifo sikashukela, cishe zonke izimpawu ezifanayo ziphawulwe njengokuthi u-1 uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi lesi sifo siqala kancane kakhulu.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ukwelashwa kwenziwe ngokujova i-insulin hormone uma kunesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 futhi kuthatha izidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili. Kodwa-ke, ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-insulini, umzimba uqala ukukhiqiza ama-antibodies, okwenza kancane kancane ukuthi ukusebenza kwawo kuphumelele.
Inselele enkulu yale ndlela yokwelashwa yukuthi kunezici eziningi okudingeka zicatshangelwe uma ukhetha uhlobo lomuthi okufanele lubekiwe kanye nesilinganiso sakho. Ukudlula ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-insulini kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kungaholela ku-coma ye-hypoglycemic. Ukukhethwa kwezindlela zokwelashwa kanye nezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kumele kwenziwe ngokweziguli ngasinye, kucabangela umlando wakhe wezokwelapha, izifo ezithintekayo kanye nokuphendula komzimba ngamanye izidakamizwa.
Isiguli ngokwakhe singasiza kakhulu odokotela ekwelapheni lesi sifo. Uma isifo sikashukela sidinga nje ukunamathela ngokuqinile ekudleni. Njengomthetho, imikhiqizo equkethe inani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate elula alinqunywe ekudleni kwesiguli. Isisekelo somsoco ukudla okuyimifino eluhlaza, imikhiqizo yobisi. Kubuye kuvunyelwe ukuba badle ukudla okusuka kuhlamvu lonke, amantongomane nezinye izithelo. Imifino nemifino emisha inomphumela omuhle kuma-pancreas futhi ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-insulin.
Futhi, indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela idlalwa isimo sengqondo sengqondo. Nakuba ukuphola, lesi sifo kubhekwa singelapheki futhi sibeka imikhawulo eminingi empilweni yesiguli, uma ngabe sifisa, kungenzeka ukuba siqhubeke sithokozela futhi sijabulele ukuphila ngisho nangemva kokumenyezelwa kwesifo. Manje uyazi konke mayelana nesifo sikashukela, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa.