Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela ziyingozi kakhulu. Naphezu kokwelashwa kwanamuhla, izingane ezingaphezu kwama-50% zakha izinkinga ezinkulu eminyakeni engaba ngu-12 emva kokuqala kwesifo. Kusukela kuhlobo lwesibili lwesifo sikashukela, izinso, amehlo, izitsha, izinzwa zihlupheka. Isifo sohlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-type 1 sanda phakathi kwezingane nentsha nge-3% ngonyaka, naphakathi kwezingane ezincane - ngo-5% ngonyaka. Ngokwezibalo ze-International Diabetes Federation, izingane ezingu-70 000 ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-15 ngonyaka unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 - izingane ezingaba ngu-200 ngosuku! Isitayela esisodwa esabekayo sisanda. Kwakuvamile ukuthi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili luyinhloko yabantu abaningi asebekhulile. Namuhla, lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela luyinto "encane" futhi lukhula ngobuhlungu ezinganeni nasebancane.
Abacwaningi bathi: izizathu zalokhu kukhula akuzona kuphela izakhi zofuzo, kodwa futhi nezici zangaphandle. Isibonelo, ukungcola kwemvelo, ukulahlwa kokuncelisa nokusungula kamuva kokudla okuqinile. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi, uma sebekhulile, izingane eziningi zizobhekana nesifo sikashukela esikhathini esizayo, ngaphandle uma kuthathwa izinyathelo ezinkulu. Kakade namuhla, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-240 emhlabeni jikelele banesifo sikashukela. Le nombolo, ekwahlulela ngokubikezelwa kochwepheshe, isongela ukwandisa ngaphezu kwengxenye - kufika ku-380 million esikhathini esiphila ngaso sonke isizukulwane esisodwa. Muva nje, esinye sezikhungo zezesayensi zaseMelika zabikezela ukuthi ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuzo zonke izingane ezizalwa e-US ngo-2000 zizohlakulela uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili ngesikhathi sokuphila. Uma uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-type 1 (esasibizwa ngokuthi i-insulin-dependent) sinesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, esifushane, kanti ukungahlehlisi kohlobo lwe-2 kungenxa yokuthi liye lakhula ngokungenakuqondakala isikhathi eside. Ngokuqondile, odokotela banganquma ngisho nokuhlukunyezwa kokuqala kwe-carbohydrate metabolism futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuyeka (noma ukuphuza kancane) ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo esiyingozi. Kodwa umntwana ngokwakhe, abazali bakhe bangase bangakwazi lezi zimpawu nokulibazisa ngokucacisa ukuxilongwa nokuqala ukwelashwa. Isihloko esihlongozwayo sizokusiza ukunqoba ukungafundi kwakho, ngakho-ke uvikele izingane zakho ekusongweni kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sesi-2.
Kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule, izinguquko kwisakhiwo kanye nesifo sesifo sikashukela sithinte wonke amaqembu. Akuseyona imfihlo ukuthi uhlobo lwe-2 lwesifo sikashukela luyabonakala kokubili abadala nabantwana. Sekuyisikhathi eside, izifo zesifo sikashukela ezinama-insulini-ezizimele ezenzelwe umkhuba wezingane zazibhekwa njengento ehlukile. Namuhla, kanye nesifo sofuba lwesifo sikashukela ku-2 kubantu abadala, i-endocrinologists iphawula ukukhula kwalesi sifo ezinganeni, entsheni nasebasha. Idatha yakamuva ibonisa ukuthi kusuka kumaphesenti angu-5 ukuya ku-30% wezifo zesifo sikashukela esanda kutholakala ezinganeni zingathiwa uhlobo lwe-diabetes 2. Futhi lokhu, ngeshwa, kubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela.
I-diabetes mellitus hlobo 2 ibonakala yizimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukuqala kwalesi sifo ezimweni eziningi kuphelile, ukoma kungukulinganisela noma akunjalo, ushukela emcimbini uvame ukwenziwa ngokungabikho kwamaketoni kumchamo, i-ketoacidosis ibonakala ingavamile, kuze kube ngu-5% wamacala. Ngokuvamile ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngezivivinyo zokuvimbela.
- Eyaziwa ngokweqile ngokweqile, kungase kube nokulahleka okuncane kokuqala kwesifo. Ukuvinjelwa kwe-insulini kuye kwagcinwa isikhathi eside. Ukumelana okuvamile kwe-insulin kungukuzivikela kwamangqamuzana omzimba ukuze i-insulin, ngenxa yokuthi i-glucose ayixhunyiwe ngamaseli. Amaseli omzimba alambile, naphezu kokuthi izinga leshukela egazini lidlulele.
- Ubuhle budlala indima enkulu. Ku-40% - amacala angu-80%, omunye wabazali unalesi sifo. Ezingama-74% - amacala angu-100% kunesihlobo se-1 st no-2 line line yobuhlobo nesifo sikashukela.
- Amamaki okuzenzakalela egazini ayitholakali, kunezibonakaliso ezithile zesikhumba. Emantombazaneni, isifo sikashukela sivame ukuhlanganiswa nesifo se-polycystic ovary syndrome.
Mayelana namaqembu nezingozi zobungozi
Kubalulekile ukuba bonke abazali bazi ngezinkinga ezibangelwa isifo sikashukela ukuze kuvikelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwayo noma ukukhomba nokuqala ukwelashwa ngesikhathi. Eqenjini labantwana abanengozi eyengeziwe yokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, labo abanesihlobo esiseduze nalesi sifo bangokuqala ukufakwa. Isici esihlukile sengozi yisifo sikashukela sokubeletha kumama wengane. Ezingcupheni eziphezulu zesifo sikashukela nazo ziboniswa izifo, ezihambisana nokuncipha kwesenzo se-insulin. Le syndrome yama-ovaries we-polycystic, i-hypertension ye-arterial, i-dyslipidemia-ukwephulwa kwamafutha we-metabolism. Izimpawu zesikhumba zokumelana nokukhishwa kwe-insulini - izindawo ezimnyama ezifakwe esikhunjeni esikhwameni, entanyeni, ezinhlangothini - zingabonisa ukwephulwa komzwelo ku-insulin.
Isisindo esiningi sinengozi!
Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuhlobene eduze nokwanda kwenani lezingane eziphelele. Ukuqapha okukhethekile kufanele kuboniswe ngabazali balabo bantwana abanobunzima bomzimba obudlula inani elihle ngamaphesenti angu-120 noma ngaphezulu. Eminyakeni eyishumi, zonke izingane kufanele zihlolwe ngokuvimbela i-endocrinologist ngokuzimisela kwegazi glucose. Kodwa uma ingane ingaphezu komzimba, ungalindeli aze afinyelele kule minyaka. Mholele kudokotela ngaphambi!
Izingane ezinokukhubazeka kwe-glucose kakade okwehluleka ukubhekana nokubekezela ngokweqile ne-glucose ukubekezelela nokugaya ukudla okunomdlavuza kufanele kube ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwe-endocrinologist futhi ihambisane nezincomo zakhe. Ngakho-ke, yizingane ezinezikhulu ngokweqile futhi zilinganise ifa elingasengozini yokuthayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2. Qala ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, uma udokotela enqume ukuthi ingane ikhuluphele kakhulu. Lokhu kungenzeka ngisho naseminyakeni engu-3-4.
Ingozi yokunamathela ekukhulupheni ngokweqile ikhula ngenkathi yengane. Lapho eba yintsha, kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukulahlekelwa isisindo. Kuzoba nzima nakakhulu ukugcina isisindo somzimba esivamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kubonakala ukuthi ngisho nokushintsha okuncane ekuziphatheni kokudla, ukuvivinya umzimba okungenani izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto nokunciphisa ukunciphisa umzimba kunciphisa isigamu sengozi yesifo sikashukela eqenjini eliyingozi.
Imfundo yezemvelo izosiza
Njengoba kunikezwe izici eziyingozi, izinhlelo zikazwelonke zokuvimbela uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-2 ezinganeni zenzelwe. Kuzo indima enkulu enikezwa impilo yokuphila enempilo nokusebenza komzimba. Isidingo sokuncelisa izingane nokuvimbela ukukhuluphala kubantu abadala, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala. Amaqiniso abazali nabazali okudingeka bawazi ngendima yokusebenza ngokomzimba ekuvikeleni isifo sikashukela:
1. Ngokuvamile, ukuvivinya umzimba ngokulinganisela kubantu abadumile kunciphisa ingozi yesifo sikashukela. Ngisho noma imfundo engokwenyama ayikho ekuqondiseni isisindo sabo.
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba okulinganiselwe kubantu abanesifo sikashukela kunciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo, ngisho noma iziguli zingenayo ezinye izinto eziyingozi ngaphandle kwesifo sikashukela.
3. Ukuzivocavoca njalo kuthuthukisa ukuzwela kwe-insulini.
Kubalulekile! Imithetho elula ivumela abazali bezingane eziphelele ukuhlela kahle indlela yabo yokuphila futhi ngaleyo ndlela banciphise kakhulu ingozi yokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela.
- Hlonipha ukulangazelela kwezingane zakho, ungawacindezeli ukuba adle kuze kube sekugcineni konke ukudla okudlayo. Unganikeli amaswidi ngoba ingane idla ngokuphelele kuqala futhi yesibili.
- Unganikeli ukudla kwezingane njengomvuzo wokuziphatha okuhle, ukufundela okuhle noma nje indlela yokuchitha isikhathi.
- Khuthaza izingane ukudlala ezemidlalo. Isikhathi esidingekayo somsebenzi womzimba ngosuku ngimizuzu engu-20-60. Nciphisa isikhathi sokubuka kuya emahoreni angu-1-2 ngosuku.
- Sebenzisa ekudleni inhlanzi, imifino, izithelo. Amafutha akufanele abe ngaphezu kuka-30% kokuqukethwe kwekhalori yansuku zonke. Gwema ukudla okusheshayo, ukudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate elula (ahlanziwe).
Yonke le misebenzi kufanele ibhekwe njengengunaphakade, hhayi njengomgomo wesikhashana wokulahlekelwa isisindo ngokushesha. Yiba yisibonelo kubantwana bakho. Uma ukhathele ngokweqile noma awusasebenzi emini, cishe cishe izingane zakho ziyabonakala. Ungavumeli isifo sikashukela ngokwazo kuphela. Uma ulandela zonke izincomo zesifo sikashukela, ungahlala impilo egcwele ezithakazelisayo.