Iyini imithi yokungezwani kwemithi?
Ukudakwa kwezidakamizwa ukuphendula okungavamile komzimba kwisisetshenziswa semithi. Noma imuphi umuthi uyinto engaba yinto engavamile. Izifo zengqondo zingabonakaliswa yiziqhumane esikhumbeni nasezikhungweni zezitho zangaphakathi. Isidakamizwa sokungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi sinokuhlukana okuphawulekayo kusukela emthonjeni ohlangothini womuthi.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa ezithinta izidakamizwa kuhlotshaniswa nokuphendulwa ngokweqile kobudlova kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba kumuthi. Ingathinta izitho ezihlukene futhi ihluke ngokweqile. Ezimweni eziningi, izidakamizwa zihamba kalula futhi zithinta isikhumba kuphela. Ifomu elivame kakhulu ukuqhuma okufana neKorea okuqukethe amaphepha amancane amancane, ama-pinhole, abomvu namachashazi. Ngokujwayelekile kuhambisane nokubamba futhi kuvele izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuqala kwesidakamizwa. Ifomu elingajwayelekile, kodwa futhi elilula kakhulu liphikisana nelinye i-erythema yezidakamizwa (ifomu elitholakalayo le-reaction effect). Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokuqala kokuthatha lesi sidakamizwa esikhumbeni kukhona izindawo. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa badlula, kepha lapho bephinda baphinde baphinde babuye endaweni efanayo.
Amafomu anamandla
Ifomu elibi kakhulu lokwelapha izidakamizwa yizingxube. Kubonakala ngokugwinya okukhulu futhi kungahle kuhambisane ne-edema yezinkophezelo nezindebe. Ezimweni ezimbi, lokhu okulandelayo kungakhula:
• i-angioedema - eyingozi kunazo zonke ukuguqulwa kwe-edema kuya kolimi, i-larynx ne-trachea;
• I-Anaphylaxis yisimo esisongela ukuphila esibonakala ngokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo; ikhula ngemva kokulunywa kwezinambuzane noma ukudla noma imithi enokungezwani komzimba, futhi ingase ihambisane nokulahlekelwa ulwazi;
• I-elythma exudative yama-multi-form - isikhumba esibucayi esinesikhumba esibucayi, esibonakala ukubonakala kwamabala obomvu nxazonke kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba. Ukuhlukahluka okungafani kwe-erythema e-multiform exudative kuyi-Stevens Johnson syndrome, eboniswa ukubonakala kwamabhaltri nokukhwabanisa isikhumba. Uma kungabikho ukutholakala nokuthola ukwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele kungaholela ekufeni.
• Ukushona kwe-coripiform kuyindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke yezidakamizwa ezithathelwanayo. Ngokuvamile kubonakala izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuqala kwesidakamizwa.
Zonke izinhlobo zezidakamizwa ezibangelwa yizidakamizwa ziyafana kakhulu. Cishe iziguli eziyizi-15% zezibhedlela zengozini yokuqala ukubhekana nokugula okubangelwa umuthi. Kodwa-ke, kuphela ama-5% kulawa mazwi azoba yiqiniso. I-penicillin ingenye yezidakamizwa ezivame ukubangela ukuphefumula. Abantu abangaba ngu-2% emhlabeni bahlaselwa kuma-antibiotics weqembu le-penicillin, nakuba ukuphendula okukhulu kukhula kakhulu. Uma isiguli sinomphumela wokwelapha kunoma imuphi umuthi, umuntu angase acabange ezinye izidakamizwa. Isibonelo, ngokungahambi kahle komzimba ku-penicillin, kunengozi engu-10-20% yokuphendula okunjalo emithini yezidakamizwa ezivela kwelinye iqembu lama-antibiotic - cephalosporins.
Kungani ukungezwani komzimba kukhula?
Isivikeli somzimba sokuzivikela sithola ukuthi izidakamizwa zingaphandle futhi zivusa izindlela zokuvuvukala ezibangela imifantu nezinye izinsalela. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa zokungenwa kwezidakamizwa akunakunqunywa. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izinto zandisa amathuba okuba khona. Lokhu kufaka:
• ukuhlelwa kwezakhi zofuzo;
• Ukudla kanyekanye kwezidakamizwa eziningana;
• Ngokweminye imibiko, abesifazane bavame ukwelashwa ngokweqile kunamadoda;
• izifo eziningi.
I-penicillin yiyona imbangela evame kakhulu yezidakamizwa zokungezwani komzimba. Abantu abangamaphesenti ama-2% bomhlaba bayakwazi ukuthola izidakamizwa zeqembu le-penicillin. Lapho echaza izidakamizwa zokungezwani komzimba, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwayo. Uma izimpawu zokuqala zivela, isidakamizwa kufanele sihoxiswe ngokushesha. Ngezinyosi, ukucindezeleka okubandayo kanye nezinsipho ezithungayo zisetshenziselwa phezulu. Iziguli zeluleka ukuba zingathathi okushisayo namanzi, zigqoke izingubo ezingavamile. Ama-antihistamine anganciphisa ukucasula isikhumba. Uma ukusabela okweqile kunzima, kuyadingeka ukuqapha isiguli emahoreni angu-24 alandelayo ukubuyisela kabusha noma ukulimala. Ukuze unciphise izidakamizwa zesikhumba ezihlobene nezidakamizwa zemithi, ama-antihistamine anqunywe.
Ukusabela okuphindaphindiwe
Uma isiguli sesineziqephu zendlela yokwelapha emzimbeni, ngakho-ke ngaso sonke isikhathi uthatha le mithi, iphinda iphinde ibe nzima nakakhulu. Ukukhipha imithi emithini ethile, udokotela angakwazi ukuqhuba izivivinyo ngezifo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba lapho inani elincanyana kakhulu lomuthi lisetshenziswa esikhumbeni sesiguli, kulandelwa ukuhlolwa kwempendulo kulo. Nokho, akufanele zonke izidakamizwa. Enye indlela - ukuhlolwa okuvusa amadlingozi - kuhilela ukuthatha umthamo omncane wemithi ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi kungenzeka ukusola ukungezwani komzimba ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kwe-anamnesis yesiguli.
• Inothi mayelana nokungahambi kahle komzimba emlandweni wezokwelapha uzosiza ekugwemeni ukubeka le mithi esikhathini esizayo.
• Iziguli zeluleka ukuba ziqaphele izidakamizwa ezinikezwa ekhemisi ngaphandle kwemithi, ngoba kukhona ingozi yokuthuthukisa ukusabela okweqile; ezimweni ezingathandabuzi, kufanele uthintane nomuntu wemithi noma udokotela.
• Ezimweni ezimbi, iziguli zingase zilulekwe ukuthi zigqoke isongo esikhethekile elibala amagama ezidakamizwa ezibangelwa ukusabela okweqile.
• Kukhona iqoqo elikhethekile lemithi ehhovisi likadokotela okudingekayo ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lokuqala lwe-anaphylactic reaction, kuhlanganise ne-epinephrine.
• Kwezinye izimo, iziguli zingase zithole inkambo yokwelashwa okungahambi kahle, lokhu kuyinkqubo engaphephile okumele yenziwe kuphela esibhedlela phambi kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha abanamakhono okuvuselela.