Ukuphela kokulahlekelwa kokuzwa: ukwelashwa

Ikhono lokuzwa yilona injabulo enkulu kakhulu. Ingabe sibheka njalo isitho sokuzwa ngokucophelela nokuhlonishwa okufanele? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesihloko esithi "Ukuphelelwa ukulalela okuphelele, ukwelashwa okungahle kuphuze."

Ama-otorhinurgist kufanele asebenze isikhala esincane: umthamo wesigubhu uyingxenye eyodwa yesentimitha eyodwa. Nansi isitho sokuzwa, isitho sokulinganisela, isisindo sombuso. Ukunyakaza okungekho okungalungile kungaqeda ngokuphawulekayo, ngoba umonakalo kunoma iyiphi yalezi zingxenye kuphelelwe ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa, izinkinga ezisebenza ngamathambo, ukwephulwa kwesimo sobuso. Iziguli ezibuhlungu ikakhulukazi zibhekene nesimo sokugcina: ngengozi enjalo umuntu akakwazi ukuzizwa egcwele emphakathini. Esikhathini se-Institute of Otolaryngology. I-AI Kolomiychenko, odokotela benza izimangaliso zangempela.

Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungahle kudingeke izifo zendlebe ephakathi, i-otitis engapheli, lapho kunomonakalo embranini we-tympanic (i-perforation) - ukwakha imbobo kuwo. Silungisa amaphutha wekhanda le-tympanic futhi, uma kunesidingo, sibuye siphindele kabusha. Sithatha ucezu lwe-fascia yesisindo sangokwemvelo bese sakha i-membrane entsha kuyo. Kufakwe esikhundleni salokho okonakalisiwe, bese kufeza ngokugcwele imisebenzi yayo.


Yini ebangela ukulimala eardrum?

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuphelele, okuyinto enzima ukuphatha ngayo, ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwendlebe ephakathi, futhi okuvame kakhulu, okucasulwa iziguli ngokwabo, umkhuba wokuhlanza indlebe ngensimbi yokuhlanzeka, okungabangela ukuhlukunyezwa, okubangela ukuvuvukala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kulimala kuholela ekwakheni umgodi.


Futhi ukuhlanza kahle kanjani indlebe yakho?

Ukusebenzisa ukotini swabs ukunakekela indlebe yangaphandle yezindlebe, kodwa ngaphandle kokungena okujulile endlebeni. Uma kungenjalo, uzosusa isulfure kumbundu, futhi kuphela ochwepheshe ongayithola lapho.

Indlebe yethu inekhono eliyingqayizivele lokuzihlanza. Ngesikhathi ukuhamba kwemisipha ebusweni, ingxenyeni yangaphandle yomsele wezindlebe ihamba, ehlangene nomhlathi ophansi. Ivesi lokuhlola liyaqala, futhi isibabule siphume ngaphandle. Ukukhipha okubonakala kungadingekile kuwe akufanele kube - imizamo enjalo ingaqeda kabi. Uma kusetshenzwa ipulaki yesulfure, udinga usizo lochwepheshe. Indlebe ihlanzwa noma ikhishwe ngethuluzi elikhethekile.

Abanye abantu abanezinhlungu endlebeni baphathwa ngokuzimela. Ngingakwenza kanjani lokhu ngaphandle kokulimaza?


Lokhu akufanele kwenziwe . Isibonelo, awukwazi ukulahla noma yini endlebeni yakho ngokungahleliwe. I-otitis iphathwa ngokuvumelana nesimiso esinqunywe yi-otolaryngologist. Amanye amaconsi aqukethe ama-antibiotic wezinhla eziyingozi, ukusetshenziswa okungalawulwa okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokulalela okuyingxenye noma okuphelele. Lokhu kwenzeka uma kukhona i-perforation (umgodi embundeni). Lezi zimali zinqunywe nge-otitis yangaphandle kuphela uma i-membrane isiphelile. Uma ngabe abezindaba be-otitis kwenzeka, kuyingozi! Awukwazi ukukhipha udoti oluthile noma i-camphor ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela - le mithi inezinamba eziningi zokuphikisana. Ngokuqapha okukhulu, umuntu kufanele athole izindlela zabantu zokwelapha. Isibonelo, njalo ngonyaka silungisa imiphumela yokwelapha ngamakhandlela: avuliwe eduze nendlebe, i-wax igeleza emgodini wezindlebe futhi ivalwe i-eardrum. Kungenziwa kuphela ngokuhlinzwa.

Ngezinye izikhathi umuntu ukhononda ngokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, nakuba engakaze ahlupheke nge-otitis.

Lokhu kwenzeka, isibonelo, nge-otosclerosis. Isibungu - ithambo elincane kakhulu - lilahlekelwe ukuhamba ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwe-ossicle yezindlebe zangaphakathi. Uma kuphela i-ossicle yokuhlola ewonakele, ukuzwa kungabuyiselwa. Kodwa lapho inzwa yokuhlolwa ibuye ihlupheke, kuyadingeka idivayisi yokuhlola.


Ukusebenza kuhamba kanjani nokuthi kuqhubeka isikhathi esingakanani?

Ngokulahlekelwa okuphelele kokuzwa, ukwelashwa kuyadingeka, kuhlanganise nokuhlinzwa. Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kwenziwa nge-microscope, nge-funnel endlebeni (ithambo elincanyana lingamathani 4 cm ngokujula nangaphansi kwe-1 cm ububanzi). Udokotela ohlinzayo osebenzayo wenza lo msebenzi imizuzu engu-15-20. Kakade etafuleni lokusebenza, isiguli siqala ukuzwa.

Izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni amakhulu zithola ukwanda okukhulu ekuzwa. Kunalokho kuphelile?

Amathrekhi omsindo wangemuva, kodwa akuyona into eyonakalisayo njengomsindo ophezulu, ozwakalayo. Umculo kuma-discotheques, ama-movie anomsindo ophezulu, e-headphones e-ear ahlukumeze kakhulu ngokuphathelene ne-nerve auditory. Yenza okuthandayo kuma-headphones amakhulu anesimo senhliziyo. Ngemuva komsindo omkhulu, izinzwa zithatha isikhathi sokuphumula. Uma uhlasela ngokungapheli isisindo somsindo ngokuphakama okukhulu, yena, ekugcineni, ngeke ahlale: ngakho ungalahlekelwa ukuzwa kwakho. Kubalulekile ukuqonda lokhu ngesikhathi futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele.

Ngaphambili, ingane eyazalwa ngaphandle kokuzwa yayizolahlwa yisithulu sempilo yonke. Namhlanje unikeza la bantwana injabulo ukuzwa. Kuze kube nini uye waqhuba imisebenzi efanayo esikhungweni sakho? Ukufakelwa kwe-cochlear yokuqala eSoviet Union kwenziwa ngo-1991. Elandelwa uprofesa wakhe uSushko, nami, njengophoyisa odokotela bokuqala, sisiza. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kwenziwa izimpande ezingaba ngu-250 e-Ukraine. Emhlabeni, kunezinhlelo ezinjalo ezingu-12-20 ezizigidi zabantu abayizigidi. Okufanele ukulingiswa yilokho okwenzeka eCroatia, lapho izingane ezithulu zisiza khona kulo lonke izwe. Uma nje ingane ene-vice enjalo izalwa, u-opharetha weselula ubiza bonke abasebenzisi ukuba baphonsa u-$ 1 kuphela. Ekugcineni, le nkinga ixazululwe ezweni. Ngikholelwa ukuthi e-Ukraine lokhu kungenzeka. Abantu abanqatshelwe ukuzwa cishe bangenasici emphakathini wethu, nakuba banesidingo esikhulu sokuqonda nokusekela. Sizisola kakhulu, iningi labo lihlala lilodwa ngengozi yabo, lixazulula izinkinga zabo ngokuzimela.


Yini ebangela ukuba umuntu abe nesithulu?

Ukulimala kwe-Craniocerebral, okwadala umonakalo emisongweni yokuhlola, izifo ezithathelwanayo. Kubantu abanokuzithulu, amathuba okuthola ukuzwa aphezulu kakhulu. Isikhathi sokuphumula kubo sidlula ngokushesha kakhulu: emva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa bangakwazi ukuxhumana ngefoni. Emtholampilo wethu, ezinye izinkinga ezihlobene ne-microsurgery indlebe zibhekwa, ezithinta izindawo ze-otolaryngology kanye neurosurgery. Isibonelo, isizungu, umsindo wezindlebe. Senza iplastiki ye-nerve facial, ukuyibuyisela ngemuva kokulimala kwesisu.


Kungani umsindo endlebeni?

Ngenxa yokucasula noma ukuxoshwa kwe-nerve auditory noma umthamo wokuhlola - nganoma yisiphi umonakalo ku-cochlea. Ngokuya ngezizathu ezibangele umsindo, ukwelashwa kwenziwa kumnyango wezinzwa, noma nathi. Ukuzwa kuphulwa emathunjini emithonjeni yokucwaninga noma i-vestibular. Kulesi simo, isiguli, ngaphezu kwekhwalithi yokuzwa, ilahlekelwa ibhalansi, ishintsho sayo siyashintsha, ubuso bakhe bubuhlungu. Kulezi zimo, ukusebenza kukhonjiswa. Ukususwa kwesisu esiziphethe ngethambo lesikhathi esivela eceleni kwendlebe (ngokungafani nama-neurosurgeons, okwenza i-trepanation ye-skull, evula i-posterior cranial fossa). Ukufinyelela kwethu akusizi kakhulu. Kusukela ngonyaka odlule, ngokuvula e-Ukraine komtholampilo wokuqala we-cyber eYurophu, sekuye kwenzeka ukusebenzisa enye indlela yokwelapha izicubu - i-cyberknife ebulala isisu ne-gamma ray ngaphandle kokulimaza ubuchopho nezicubu ezinempilo. Lona ubuchwepheshe obukhulu kunabo bonke. E-St. Petersburg naseMoscow, ngobunye ubufakazi obunjalo, kusetshenziswe ummese we-gamma.


Kungenzeka yini ukuvikela ukuzwa?

Ukubona ukwehla kokuzwa, masinyane uye kudokotela. Uzothola izizathu futhi anikeze ukwelashwa okwanele. Ukuzwa kungabonakaliswa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, isifo sesibindi, ukucindezeleka, ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, ukukhubazeka kobuchopho obuphilayo, izicubu. Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa ekugugeni akusona isifo, kodwa ukubonakaliswa kwezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, iminyaka yobudala kukhona ijika le-audiometric. Abantu abangaphezu kwengu-60 abanokuzwa okungafanelekile kufanele banganqikazi ukusebenzisa izinsiza zokuzwa.

Yimaphi amathiphu afanelekayo ngenkathi yokubhukuda ezayo?

Ehlobo, i-otitis externa, izifo ze-fungal zivame ukuvela. Ngemva kokuphuma emanzini, ungagijimeli emthunzini okhuni, ukuze ungaqedi izindlebe zakho. Ngemuva kwechibi, sebenzisa isomiso sezinwele ezifudumele - indawo ehlelekile neyomanzi ivuse ukuvuvukala.

Umsele wokuhlola ungavunyelwa ibhola lekotoni, elifakwe i-petroleum jelly noma i-fat cream, noma ama-earplugs akhethekile. Kodwa ungathathwa! Isibonelo, ngake ngisindise owesifazane owathi lapho egeza, wayibopha izindlebe zakhe nge chewing gum. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakudingeka ukhiphe uhlobo olunjalo lokuthi "ukuvikela" ukuhlinzwa. Kuhle ukuthi asikwazi ukulimaza i-eardrum ngesikhathi esifanayo.