Ama-entomologists anemfihlakalo yangempela. Kulo lonke leli zwe, izinyosi zezinyosi ziphuma emiseleni futhi ziphele phakade kuze kube yilapho isiqondisi esingaziwa. Esikhathini esincane esifushane, isidleke siba singenalutho. Ososayensi bathi lokhu kwenzeka ngokuwa kwe-koloni okungenakuqondakala. Ngokusho kwemibiko yabalimi bezinyosi kulo lonke izwe, kusukela ekuqaleni kokuwa e-United States cishe ngamaphesenti angu-25-40 wezinyosi zezinyosi ziye zanyamalala emifuba. Ngenkathi akekho okwazi ukuqamba imbangela yalokhu kushabalala kwezinyosi.
Ukunyamalala kwezinyosi kubangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu, njengoba izinyosi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekhiqizweni kokudla okwesithathu kokudla, okubandakanya ama-apula, amakhabe, nama-alimondi, njengoba izinyosi zithwala impova kusuka ezimbali ezithile kuya kwenye. Ngaphandle kwalendlela, okuthiwa i-pollination, isitshalo asikwazi ukuveza imbewu noma izithelo.
Manje ososayensi nabafuyi bezinyosi bahlangene ukuze bathole isizathu sokunyamalala kwamakholoni amaningi ezinyosi. Ngezimzamo ezihlangene, ukutadisha ukuziphatha, ukudla okunomsoco kanye nempilo yezinyosi, amalungu eqembu athemba ukuthola imbangela futhi avimbele ukunyamalala kwezinyosi esikhathini esizayo.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ukunyamalala kwezinyosi kuhlotshaniswa nenye uhlobo lwesifo. Ukuze uphenye ngalesi sizathu esithile, ososayensi abavela e-laboratory yokucwaninga eMnyangweni wezokuLimo wase-United States bahlolisise izinyosi ezivela emakoloni asengozini.
Kwakukhona ukuthi izinyosi ezivela emakoloni asengozini azizange ziphile kahle, kanti ezinye izinguquko zitholakala ezithombeni zazo zokugaya. Mhlawumbe ezinye izidumbu zilimaza izitho zokugaya izinyosi. Ukuntuleka kwezinyosi ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane kungabonisa ukuthi amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Ezinye izibonakaliso zesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba wezinyosi ezibuthakathaka yizinga eliphezulu lama-bacterium kanye nesibungwini emzimbeni. Kodwa kungani ukutholakala kwezidumbu, amabhaktheriya noma isikhunta emzimbeni kubangele ukuba bashiye imifuba yabo? Ekugcineni, lapho sigula, sifuna ukuhlala ekhaya. Kuvela ukuthi ezinye zalezi zinambuzane zingabangela ukuphazamiseka ekuziphatheni kwezinyosi.
Kungenzeka ukuthi izinyosi ezigulayo azikwazi ukucubungula kahle ulwazi futhi azi ukuthi ikhaya lini. Ngamanye amazwi, izinyosi ezigulayo kungenzeka ziqhume ngaphandle komhlathi futhi zikhohlwe ukuthi ziphi.
Uma izinyosi ezanele kuleli koloni azikwazi ukuthola indlela yazo ekhaya, ikoloni izosheshe iphele. Ngokwemvelo yabo, ngisho nezinyosi ezinempilo azikwazi ukuhlala zodwa isikhathi eside. Futhi ngokushabalala kwezinyosi ezisengozini kuyoba izitshalo ezivotelwe izinyosi.
Esinye isizathu sokunyamalala kwezinyosi singase sihlobene namakhemikhali abalimi abasebenzisa ukulawula izinambuzane ezinambuzane. Ngenxa yezifundo, kwatholakala inambuzane enethonya elibi kwisistimu yezinzwa zezinyosi zezinyosi, ebuchosheni nasenkumbulweni. Olunye ulwazi olusithakazelisayo oluhlobene nokuziphatha kwezinambuzane, okuvame ukusebenzisa ama-hive angenalutho ukuze sikhule inzalo yabo. Ngokuvame ukuthi bahlale bengena isidleke esingenalutho, kodwa manje abagijimanga ukukwenza. Mhlawumbe kukhona into emlanjeni ongaphenduli nje izinyosi kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izinambuzane. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abazange bazi ukuthi kuyini.
Uma kuvela ukuthi lesi sifo sibangela ukunyamalala kwezinyosi, izakhi zezinyosi zingasiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani amanye amakoloni enyamalala, kanti abanye abangekho. Noma yiliphi iqembu lezinyosi, kanye nezilwane nabantu, zinamajethi amaningi ahlukene, ngoba umuntu ngamunye unesethi esiyingqayizivele sezakhi zofuzo. Izakhi zofuzo ezahluke kakhulu eqenjini, kukhulu ukuhlukahluka kofuzo lweqembu. Futhi ukuhlukahluka kofuzo kubaluleke kakhulu uma kuziwa ekusindeni.
Manje ososayensi bafunda ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo emakoloni ezinyosi zezinyosi, ukuze baqonde ukuthi kuthinta ukunyamalala kwezinyosi nokubola kwekoloni. Uma i-coloni ihluke ngokwezakhi zofuzo, amathuba okuthi uzobhujiswa ngokuphelele ngenxa yesifo noma ukutheleleka kuncishisiwe, ngoba okungenani ingxenye yezinyosi eqenjini elihluke ngokweqile cishe lizoba nezakhi zofuzo ezizobasiza ukuba balwe nesifo esithile esishaya ikholoni. Njengamanje, ososayensi bahlola ukuhlolwa kofuzo ezinyosi. Inhloso yezivivinyo ukuthola ukuthi kukhona yini umehluko wezofuzo phakathi kwezinyosi ezishabalalayo kanye nalabo abahlala emifuba.
Ososayensi basebenza kanzima ukubeka izimbangela zokunyamalala kwezinyosi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izinyosi ziyaqhubeka zinyamalale. Ingabe kukhona ongakwenza ukuze ubasize basinde? Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ukuze ulondoloze izinyosi, abantu abaningi kufanele bahlanganyele ekuzaleni izinyosi.