Uma ukukhula ngokweqile kwengane kuhambisana nokukhathala okusheshayo, ukuthuthukiswa kocansi okungaziphathi kahle, izifo ezivamile, khona-ke abazali kufanele bafune usizo olufanelekayo. Uma kungekho izimpawu ezinjalo, ezimweni eziningi, asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngokukhula okusheshayo kwezingane.
Ukusheshiswa komthethosisekelo wokukhula kwezingane
Namuhla, izingane zivame ukusheshiswa komthethosisekelo wokukhula, ngaphandle kwabantu abaphezulu ngokwezakhi zofuzo. Ezinganeni ezinjalo isikhathi sokunyathelisa sifika ekuqaleni, ukukhula nokuvuthwa kwamathambo kuphuthumayo. Abantu abaphakeme kakhulu ngokomthethosisekelo banamaphesenti alinganayo, abahlupheki ngenxa yokucindezela okungekho emthethweni.
Ukukhula okusheshayo kungaholela esisindweni esiningi ngokweminyaka yobudala, kepha lokhu kuyinto yesikhashana. Kulesi simo, izingane zikhula zide, kodwa hhayi izimpimpi.
Gigantism yezingane
Uma ingane ine-hormone yokukhula enezindawo ezivulekile ngokweqile, khona-ke i-gigantism iqala, futhi abantu abadala bahlakulela i-acromegaly, noma kunjalo, futhi nge-gigantism, izimpawu ze-acromegaly ziyakwenzeka, emva kokuvalwa kwe-epiphyses ifomu eliveziwe.
Ukukhiqiza ngokweqile kwe-hormone yokukhula ngokuvamile kubangela ukukhula okusheshayo kwengane, ikakhulukazi ezinkambisweni ezikhuthaza umsebenzi we-hypothalamic-pituitary (ukudluliselwa kwe-encephalitis, i-hydrocephalus). I-Gigantism kulesi simo iqala kungakhathaliseki ubudala, kodwa ngokuvamile ukukhula okusheshayo kubonakala ezinganeni zasenkulisa noma esikoleni. Izingane ezinjalo ziyakhathazeka kalula, ukumelana kwazo nezifo kuyancipha, imisipha isakhiwe kahle, ngokuhlolwa ngokucophelela ungabona izici ze-acromegaloid, futhi kuhlonishwa ukungahloniphi kwalesi sibalo.
I-gigantism engavamile ejwayelekile. Isizathu sokuthuthukiswa kwe-pituitary gigantism ngokuvamile i-adenoma ye-eosinophilic, kancane kakhulu nge-tumor ye-hypothalamus.
Kwezinye izimo, i-acromogy kanye ne-gigantism ziqala njengezinkinga ze-hypothalamic eziholela hyperplasia kanye ne-hypertrophy, engabangela ukukhula okufana nokukhula kwe-tumor yamangqamuzana ase-somatotropic. Ezimweni eziningana esikhathini sokushicilela kubonakala ukuthi ingane isheshe ikhule, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingabonwa lapho ineminyaka emihlanu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhula kungafinyelela kuma-250 noma ngaphezulu amasentimitha.
Ngokuvamile ukukhula okungekho emthethweni kutholakala yizingane ezithuthukiswa ngokocansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kodwa azibe yiziqhwaga, ngenxa yokuvalwa kokuqala kwezindawo zokukhula (emva kokuvalwa, ukukhula kumile).
Iziguli ezinde ezingenakubalwa ezine-hypogonadism, thyrotoxicosis, kanye neziguli ezine-arachnodactyly (i-Marfan syndrome) zibonakala ngezibonakaliso zemitholampilo yalezi zifo, kulawo maguli izinga le-hormone yokukhula evamile livamile.
Isizathu sokuthuthukiswa kwe-Clinfelter's syndrome yi-chromosomal aberration ngokutholakala kwe-chromosome eyengeziwe ye-X. Emantombazaneni amade anemilenze emide engapheli kanye nezandla ebuntwaneni, umzimba obuthakathaka, bese kamuva eba nokukhuluphala. Isifo sikaClainfelter sinesici esiyingqayizivele - i-hypoplasia ye-penis nama-testicles. Izici zobulili zesibili azizinelisi, kwezinye izimo i-gynecomastia iyabonakala, izinwele zisakazwa ngomfanekiso wesifazane.
Kulezi ziguli, kunesifo sokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo, lokhu kuchazwa yi-X chromosome eyengeziwe.
I-Sotos syndrome (i-cerebral gigantism), ngokungafani ne-pituitary gigantism, iyenzeka kaningi, futhi ihambisana nokukhula okusheshayo, kodwa ku-serum izinga le-somatotropin lihlala livamile, futhi idatha ibonisa ukuthi imbangela ye-pathology yizinkinga zobuchopho.
Phakathi neminyaka engu-4-5 ingane ikhula ngokushesha, bese ingane ikhula futhi evamile. Isikhathi sokusakazwa siqala kancane kancane noma ngokujwayelekile. Kulezi ziguli, kunezinyawo ezinkulu namabhulashini ngobuningi obukhulu be-fat subcutaneous. Kukhona ukugula kwengqondo ekuthuthukisweni. Inhloko yesimo se-dolichocephalic sikhulu, umhlathi ophansi uhamba phambili, ukuhamba kuhamba kahle, amehlo ahlukaniswe kakhulu, isiguli sinzima, ukuxhunyaniswa kokuhamba kuphazamiseka.