Njengamanje, i-ultrasound, noma ngenye indlela, ukuloba, indlela ephephile, evame kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo kakhulu yokuhlola inkambo yokukhulelwa. I-Echography ehamba phambili ikuvumela ukuba ubone iqanda lomntwana elisetshenziselwa uterine ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-21 ngemuva kokukhulelwe, futhi ngemuva kweminyaka emine - kanye nomakhelwane weqanda.
Kubalulekile ukuthi owokuqala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-ultrasound yathatha isazi esazi kahle kakhulu ekutholeni isifo sokubeletha ngaphambi kokubeletha. Khona-ke uzokwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umntwana ulungile, uzokwazi ukusiza abazali besikhathi esizayo babheke ezindlebeni, amehlo kanye namapeni wezingane ezizayo.
Bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe bakhathazekile ngokuphepha kwe-ultrasound. Ngo-1978 (ngaleso sikhathi ama-ultrasound awazange asetshenziswe ngokweqile), izifundo zenziwa ngezici eziphilayo zethonya le-ultrasound kuma-tissue aphilayo. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ngisho nasendabeni yokwanda okungaphezu kwezinga elijwayelekile le-ultrasound, akukho umonakalo obangelwa imibungu yamamalia phakathi nenqubo yokuxilonga.
Ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa, ukwenqatshwa kwe-ultrasound kuthatha umphumela omubi. Unyaka ngamunye, ngokwezibalo, izingane ezingaba yikhulu eMoscow zizalwa nge-Down syndrome. Akuzona zonke odokotela abazi ukuthi kungenzeka ukusola lesi sifo esibucayi ngosizo lwezobunjwa ngesikhathi semasonto angu-12-13. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-ultrasound ngaphambi kokuphela kwalesi sikhathi. Ake sibone ukuthi kungani.
- Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izinkinga ezingcono kakhulu ze-fetus kanye nezimpawu ze-chromosomal pathology zitholakala kakhulu. Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa nje, izici ze-ultrasound ezingakwazi ukubona i-Down's syndrome nezinye izifo ezimbi zingase zinyamalale ngaphandle kokulandela.
- Uma kwenzeka ukusola nge-pathology ye-chromosomal, odokotela banesikhathi sokuqhuba isifundo sezofuzo ezikhethekile futhi uma kwenzeka kube nomphumela omubi wokuqeda ukukhulelwa.
- I-trimester yokuqala ikulungele ukusungulwa kweminyaka yobudala be-fetus ngokunemba kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Uma kunoma yikuphi ubunzima, izidakamizwa zizoqondiswa ngqo kule minyaka.
Ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, i-ultrasound yenziwa ngokuphishekela imigomo enjalo:
- Ubufakazi bokukhulelwa. I-Ultrasound yindlela enembile kunazo zonke yokuthola ukukhulelwa ezinkathini zokuqala.
- Incazelo yenkulumo. Ngeviki lesihlanu ngosizo lwe-ultrasound, ungakwazi ukunquma ngokunembile isikhathi sokukhulelwa. Iphutha liphela izinsuku ezingu-2-3, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi zonke izithelo zifana nhlobo.
- Indawo yeqanda. Ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, i-ectopic pregnancy ingatholakala nge-ultrasound. Ngezinye izikhathi kunezimo lapho kunendawo yokwaziswa kwezikhwama ezimbili ze-fetal ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kulesi simo, enye itholakala ngendlela efanele, enye ingaphandle kwesibeletho. Ukuze uhlole ukuthi kune-ectopic pregnancy, i-ultrasound yokuqala yenziwa kaningi ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-10 zokulibala.
- Ubuningi bombungu. I-Ultrasound evikini lesihlanu lokukhulelwa ikuvumela ukuba ulungise ukuhamba komntwana, futhi ngesonto lesine ungabona ukuthi inhliziyo ye-embryo ifushane kangakanani.
- Inani lezithelo. Ngesikhathi samasonto ayisithupha, i-ultrasound ingathola ukuthi kukhona ama-yolk amabili kanye namasaka e-fruity. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwamabhungu amabili esibelethweni, izingozi zanda kakhulu (cishe izikhathi ezingu-10). Kulokhu, ama-ultrasound amaningana akakwazi ukwenza, kubalulekile ukukwenza njalo kaningi.
- Ukulingisa ukukhulelwa. Lapho ukhulelwe, ngenxa ye-ultrasound yokuqala, ungathola ukuthi ukulingisa ukukhulelwa ngamakhadi ama-ovari, ama-uterine fibroid noma ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane kwenzeka.
- Isongo sokukhipha isisu. Uma owesifazane ebona izigaba zokuqala, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi inhliziyo ye-embryo isebenza kahle yini. Emasontweni ama-3-4, i-ultrasound ingasetshenziselwa ukucacisa ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwamapayipi akukwenzeka yini, futhi uma kunjalo, bese uqapha izinga lezinqola ukuze unciphise amathuba okuphuphuma kwesisu.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-ultrasound yokuqala ezinyathelweni zakuqala ingasiza ekunqumeni isimo se-placenta. Yonke inqubo ye-ultrasound inikeza ithuba lokunquma ngokunembile ukuthi ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka kanjani.