Inkinga yokulala ebuntwaneni ingenye yezingane ezixoxwa kaningi kunomama endaweni yokudlala. "Akalali neze!" - ukhalaza umama ophelile. Empeleni, ingane yakhe ilele, njengabantwana bonke, 16-17, noma amahora angu-20 ngosuku. Kodwa ukwenza lokho "ngokungalungile" kusukela ekubukeni komuntu omdala, ngakho-ke okhululekile futhi ongenasiphelo wokuthi umbono awufani neze - ingane ayilali! Ngokusobala, umbuzo oyinhloko awukona ukuthi ingane ilele kangakanani, kodwa kanjani futhi nini.
Ngomculo walo
Ingane izalwa ngesigqi esingavunyelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngisho nasesibelethweni sikanina, wayephikisana nonina: wayelele ngesikhathi ephapheme, futhi waqala ukuzitika ngentshiseko lapho umama wakhe ezophumula kancane. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zilala kakhulu ngosuku, kodwa zivame ukuba ngaphezu kwemizuzu engu-90 zilandelana.
Cishe kakhulu unomjikelezo wokulala. Ngakho-ke, ubuthongo buwela phansi kanye nomama.
Uma uneminyaka engama-2-8 amasonto amahora angu-4 umjikelezo uvela, ohlala kahle kuze kube izinyanga ezintathu. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi ulindele ukulala ubusuku obuqhubekayo isikhathi eside: ingane eyodwa kuphela kwabayishumi eneminyaka yenyanga ingalala cishe ubusuku bonke, kanti enye i-10% ngeke ifunde lokhu kuze kube yonyaka.
Uma uneminyaka engama-1 ukuya kwengu-5 ubudala, izingane zilele ngokulinganisa amahora angu-12 ngosuku, bese-ke lesi sibalo sinciphisa ukuya ku-10. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi idatha enikeziwe yimiqondo evamile. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ingane ngayinye ingumuntu ngamunye, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ingane yakho akudingeki ukuthi iphumule kakhulu njengoba kuboniswe kuleli tafula. Noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, u "sleepwalker", futhi akanalo isikhathi "sokulala" esilinganiselwe.
Isingoma esisezingeni elihle esakhiwe sakhiwe cishe eminyakeni engama-2 ubudala, futhi kubazali lokhu kuyisikhulu esikhulu. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kulesi sikhathi lapho izingane ziqala 'ukulingana' isikhathi eside, zidinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokulala.
Iphupho elinjalo elihlukile
Iphupho lomntwana akuyona into efanayo. Njengoba wazi, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokulala: "ukushesha" ukulala ngamaphupho nokulala "okuphuza" ngaphandle kwamaphupho. Kodwa-ke, ezinganeni, uhlobo lokuqala lokulala lukhona - alukakhulumi iwashi yangaphakathi lezinto eziphilayo. Ngesikhathi sokulala okunjalo "okusheshayo," kungase kube nokunyakaza okunyukayo, ama-grimaces amancane, ama-wincing, amamatheka. Lokhu akusiyo imbangela yokukhathazeka, noma kunjalo, thintana nodokotela wezingane uma ukukhwabanisa kuhlala unomphela.
Umuntu omdala ngesikhathi amaphupho abona amaphupho. Futhi umntwana? Yebo, futhi uphupha okuthile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lamaphupho elivakashela umntwana, liyoba ngokwanele emehlweni abantu abadala abaningana! Ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi emasontweni angama-25-30 okukhulelwa, umntanakho unephupho, ngaleso sikhathi elibona lihlala lihlala njalo. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, isabelo "sokulala okusheshayo" ngamaphupho sinciphise sibe ngu-60%. Yini ngempela ebona ingane, kungani kukhona amaphupho nokuthi yiyiphi indima yamaphupho ekuthuthukiseni umntwana, engakafiki kahle ngokunembile. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi iphupho lomntwana lifana neseshini ye-movie, kuphela "esikrinini" kuphela kuboniswa ngolwazi oluthile lwezinto eziphathekayo ezigciniwe ememori. Kungani? Ukuze uphuthukise, ubuchopho kumele busebenze, buqeqeze, futhi lapha buzibophezele ngale ndlela. Lokhu nakho kuveza imizwa nengqondo yomntwana. Kodwa kubantu abadala, uhlobo lwamaphupho alufani: amaphupho ahloswe ngenqubo yokubamba ngekhanda nokucubungula ulwazi olulondoloziwe usuku. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, inani "lokusheshisa" lokulala emntwaneni linciphisa futhi cishe izinyanga ezingu-8, njengabantu abadala, kuphela 20-25% kuphela isikhathi sokulala.
Kodwa ukungapheleli kwewashi yezinto eziphilayo zangaphakathi kungesinye sezizathu zokuthi izinsana zilele ngecala. Esinye isizathu silambile. Izingane zidla izingxenye ezincane futhi zivuka ngendlala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usuku lusegcekeni noma ebusuku. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala, umntwana uzoqala ukulungisa ukulala kwakhe embusweni kamama, futhi ngisho nokulala kuyoba okuncane: ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa, uyoba namahora amane "okuthula" emini, futhi ngezinyanga ezintathu udlula ebuthongweni bosuku lwezinsuku ezintathu. Ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila kwengane, umsebenzi womama ukumbusa, makabuyisele umoya futhi ambeke embhedeni futhi.
Ngomunye noma ngokwehlukana?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ebusuku. Ngisho nasezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala, ingane engavamile ilala ubusuku bonke. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ebusuku ukudala izimo ezithile ezingavumeli umntwana ukuba avuke ngokucacile. Ungadlali nayo, ungavuli ukukhanya okukhulu. Kukhona imininingwane eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu: ingane idinga ukufundiswa ukulala, ukujwayela ukuthi ebusuku wonke umuntu ulele. Izinyanga ezimbili zokuqala zokuphila kwakhe namanje kuvunyelwe ukuvumela ingane ukuba ilale ngesikhathi sokugula noma ukugula okuhambayo. Kodwa-ke, kusukela eneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala, kuyadingeka ukuba uqale ukwenza umkhuba wokulungiselela umbhede.
Ukukhuluma ngobuthongo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ungathinti isici esisodwa - iphupho elihlangene labazali nengane. Kukhona imibono emibili ephikisana kakhulu: abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ingane akufanele ilale nabazali bayo, abanye bathi ukulala okuzolile nokunethezeka kungaba kuphela uma ingane ilele eduze komama. Abasekeli bobabili imibono bayothola izingxabano ezanele ekuvikeleni umbono wabo siqu. Noma kunjalo, isinqumo lapho ingane kufanele ilele khona, kunoma yikuphi, kuphela abazali abayithatha. Yiqiniso, isimo esihle kakhulu lapho umntwana elele ngokuthula ngesikhala sakhe noma emkhunjini. Zama futhi uzomfundisa kulokhu. Ukukhanya okukhanyayo ekamelweni, vula umculo othobekile noma ukuhamba kweyidayimani yomculo, amhubelele i-lullaby ethule. Konke lokhu kuzoba yisimiso esizosiza ingane ukuthi ilele.
Ukuphulwa kwephupho lezingane
Ukubekezela okuncane, futhi ekugcineni umntwana uzofunda ukuzola futhi alale. Kodwa uma ingane ikhala, ungashiyi ukukhala kungaphenduliwe. Ingane encane kakhulu ukuba ingaqondi ukuthi kungani umama engayinaki izingcingo zakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usizo lwamama luvame ukudingeka!
Ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila, ukuphazamiseka kokulala ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nendlala esheshayo, okusho ukuthi umntwana udinga ukondliwa.
Kuze kube izinyanga ezintathu, imbangela yobuthongo obubi obusuku obubi kungenzeka ukuthi i-colic yamathumbu ihlotshaniswe nokungaqali kwendlela yamathumbu. Ngokuvamile ubuhlungu besisu buvela eneminyaka engama-2 emasontweni bese kuphele isilinganiso sezinsuku eziyi-100. Ngesigamu sezingane ezine-colic ngcono kufika ezinyangeni ezimbili, kanti kwezinye colic izohlala kuze izinyanga 4-5. Izingane ezikudla kokufakelwa, zingase zingabi ingxube efanelekayo yondlo. Kunoma yikuphi, thola imbangela yokumemeza nokubhekana nale nkinga kuzosiza udokotela wezingane, ozobeka imithi eyanciphisa ukuhlupheka kwengane.
Ngokusungulwa kokudla okuhambisanayo, izifo ezingavamile zokulala zingabangelwa ukungezwani kokudla kokudla okuthile, ikakhulukazi i-salicylates, equkethe izithasiselo zokudla, ukhukhamba, utamatisi, izithelo ze-citrus. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nangesikhathi esidlule le nkinga ingaba efanele uma umama engalandeli ukudla. Uma ungabandakanyi izilonda, ukulala kuzokwenzeka ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-5-6 ezinyangeni ubudala, imbangela yokungalali ubusuku obunzima kungaba nokuphuza amazinyo. Ubuhlungu buqinile ngokwanele, futhi ingane elele kahle ngaphambi kokuba ivuke izikhathi eziningana ngobusuku. Usizo kulokhu luyakwazi ukuphuza amantombazane, lapho udokotela wezingane azotusa.
Omama abaningi bayagxuma emlenzeni ngamunye obuthakathaka. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokulala, ingane ngokuvamile ikhuluma imisindo ehlukahlukene, isibonelo, i-sobs uma ihamba isigaba esisodwa sokulala komunye. Kodwa-ke, uma ubusuku busuku beba njalo, ke, okokuqala, kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi ayikho inkinga yezokwelapha yokuphazamiseka kokulala. Udokotela kufanele ahlolisise umntwana ngokucophelela ukuze akwazi ukulawula izifo ezivamile.
Futhi ukuvuka kwebusuku kungahlobene nokuthi ingane idinga ukunakwa kwakho kuphela. Ngezinye izikhathi ingane kufanele izwe nje ukuba khona kwakho ekamelweni, yizwa izwi lakho. Kwanele ukuya kumntwana, ukuwushaya, uthathe ngesandla. Ngomntwana oneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, kubalulekile ukunamathela kumkhuba wokulala. Lo mkhuba uzodlala ezandleni zamuva, izinyanga ngo-9-10, lapho kuvela izinkinga zohlobo oluhluke ngokuphelele - ingane kunzima ukuyilala. Ngalesi sikhathi ingane iqala ukubona ukuthi kwenzekani, futhi ukulala kuye kufana nokuhlukaniswa, ngakho ukulala kungase kube inqubo ende kakhulu. Kunengqondo ukwenza ingxenye yesiko lokulala esitokisini sakho ozithandayo, okuzokwenza umqondo wokuphepha. Kule minyaka yobudala, umntwana usuvele esabela kulokho okwenzekayo kuye, ikakhulukazi, isimo emndenini. Njengamanje, ukuleleka kungabangelwa amaphutha ekukhuliseni ingane, lapho abazali ngokwabo bakha isimo esibangela ukutholakala kwezifo zokulala.
Ngonyaka abangaba ngu-5% wezingane baqala ukugwaza ephusheni. Kulesi simo, udinga ukubona udokotela futhi uqiniseke ukuthi akukho ukunyuka kwama-tonsils ne-adenoids. Ama-adenoids anamandla ngezinye izikhathi angagubha ngokuphelele imimoya yomoya futhi angabangela ukuphefumula. Lokhu kuphefumula okuncane kufinyelela ephusheni kwenza ukuphumula kokuphumula kuphumule futhi kungabi nokukhiqiza, futhi kuvame ukuhambisana nokujuluka okukhulu, i-enuresis, ukwesaba kokuhlwa nobusuku.
Ama-nightmares angabonakala enganeni futhi "njengaleyo," ngenxa yesizathu esicacile. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka eneminyaka engu-2 ubudala futhi kuhlotshaniswa nezinto eziphawulekayo zokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kuleli sigaba sokuphila. Lezi zibonakaliso akufanele zibangele abazali ukuba besabe, ngoba izingane ezingakaze zibe nezinkinga zobusuku noma, okungenani, ukulala nokukhathazeka, zihlukile emithethweni. Ukuphazamiseka ebusuku kanye nokuhlupha, ukuvuswa okungazelelwe nokulala okungapheli konke kubonisa ukukhathazeka kwangaphakathi kwengane, ngakho-ke kudingeka uhlale uthole imbangela yalezi zimo. Ukuqonda lolu sizo usizo lwezingane ze-psychologists.
Indlela yokwenza ukulala komntwana kube nokuthula?
Ukwakha ubuthongo obugcwele obusweni obuphelele kumntwana wonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, kufanele uhambisane nemithetho elandelayo.
• Ungavusanga ingane ngenhloso, noma ngabe sekuyisikhathi sokuyidla - yingakho uphula umthetho wewashi lakhe lokuphila.
• Ngaphambi kokubeka ingane, qiniseka ukuthi igcwele.
• Ukudla ebusuku kufanele kube nokuthula futhi kuthule, ukukhanya kufanele kuhlanjululwe, futhi ukukhulumisana kwakho nengane kuyinto encane.
Ukulala kwansuku zonke kwezingane akuyona neze isizathu sokuthi amalungu omndeni ahambe azungeze indlu ephepheni futhi alahle iTV noma umsakazo. Ukujwayela ukulala ekuthuleni okuphelele, umntwana uzovuka kusuka kunoma iyiphi i-rustle. Ekuqaleni ujwayele ukulala ingane ngaphansi kwemisindo evamile yendlu, kuyoba lula kuwe esikhathini esizayo.
• Uma kunokwenzeka, ebuntwaneni izinyanga 10-12 kunconywa ukuba ushiye ubusuku bokudla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuzodingeka ube nesibindi futhi ukhuthazelele imizwelo yesonto cishe ngesonto: ingane, engayitholanga eyifunayo, izobe ikhululile ngaphakathi kwengxenye yehora, futhi ingene umbuso omusha ngaphandle kokubunzima okukhulu.
• Emini, ukudla akufanele kuqhube, kodwa ujabule: imidlalo nemidvwebo yezingane, izingoma ezihlekisayo nokuhleka, ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo kuyamukelekile.
• Ungagijimeli kumntwana lapho usuqala ukuqala: mhlawumbe ubona iphupho.
• Beka umntwana ukulala ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lokhu kuzosetha iwashi layo langaphakathi ukusebenza ngaphandle kokusebenza kabi.
• Ungavumeli ingane ekhulile ukuba idlale esitokisini - kufanele ihlanganiswe kuphela nokulala. Lapho nje umntwana efunda ukuvuka esikhwameni, kufanelekile ukuziqinisekisa ngokuphepha kwakhe: vusa izinhlangothi zombhede, ususe amathoyizi athambile futhi aphelile futhi uhlole ukuqina kwawo.
• Kuseduze nomnyaka weminyaka eneminyaka eyodwa ubudala, hlola umkhuba wokulala, yenza kube yingxenye yedoli lakho oyintandokazi, elizohlala lihlala naye embhedeni futhi linikeze umuzwa wokuzola nokuzethemba.
Ngokuvamile konke lokhu kwanele ukubhekana nezinkinga eziningi zokulala ebuntwaneni. Kodwa-ke, uma ukwephulwa kuphawulwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga, kuyadingeka ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe. Ukwelashwa kwenkinga ngesikhathi esifanele kuzoba lula futhi ngokushesha kunokunqoba isimo esinqatshiwe.