Namuhla singathanda ukukutshela ngomuntu ovelele wekhulu le-19. Umlobi wezingane uCharlotte Bronte uhlanganiswa phakade ezincwadini zomhlaba. Udumo lweqiniso lwamlethela inkaba "Jane Eyer". Ngokwengxenye yezinto eziphilayo, ukhuluma ngesiphetho esinzima somntwana ezweni elikhulile.
Ukwakhiwa komlobi wezingane uCharlotte Bronte kwakuyinto ephawulekayo futhi ephawulekayo ekuthuthukiseni ubuqiniso obubalulekile beNgisi.
Indodakazi yompristi ompofu nonamalungu amaningi, uSh. Brontë waphila impilo yakhe yonke (1816-1855) edolobhaneni laseYorkshire. Esikoleni esikoleni sabantwana abampofu, wathola imfundo embi, kodwa waqhubeka ewusise konke ukuphila kwakhe ngokufunda nokufunda izilimi. Indlela yakhe yokuphila iyindlela yomsebenzi onzima ongenakunqotshwa, umzabalazo oqhubekayo wokulwa nobuhlungu nobubha. Ngemuva kokushona kukaMama nodadewabo ababili, wahlala endala endlini lapho eneminyaka engu-9 ubudala. Ukuze athole impilo yakhe, waphoqeleka ukuba akhonze isikhathi esithile endlini yomnikazi wefektri futhi wazibonela ngokusobala konke ukuhlazeka akhuluma kabi emilonyeni yama heroines amanoveli akhe.
Ubaba kaCharlotte ebusheni bakhe washicilela izingqoqo eziningana zezinkondlo zakhe. UDade Charlotte, Emily, wabhala inkulumo ethi "Wuthering Heights", kanye nomunye udade, u-Anna, ngisho namanoveli amabili, nakuba lezi zinsuku zibuthakathaka kakhulu kunezenzo zikaCharlotte no-Emily. Umfowabo wayelungiselela ukuba umculi. Lapho beyingane, bonke babhala izinkondlo namaveli, futhi bakhiqiza umagazini wesandla. Ngo-1846 odade bashicilela iqoqo lezinkondlo ngezindleko zabo. Kodwa, naphezu kwetalente, ukuphila kwabo kwakunzima kakhulu.
Izingane zazigcinwe ngokuphelele emndenini, zingalokothi zinikeze inyama. Ukudla kwabo kwakunguSpartan kunazo zonke, babehlale begqoke izingubo ezimnyama. Ubaba Charlotte ukhathazekile ngekusasa lamadodakazi. Kwakudingeka ukuba banikeze imfundo ukuze bakwazi, uma kunesidingo, bakhonze njengabafundisi noma othisha. Ehlobo lika-1824, odade baseCharlotte bashiya isikole esingabizi futhi ibhodi egcwele eCowan Bridge: uMaria no-Elizabeth. Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, uCharlotte oneminyaka engu-8 ubudala, bese kuthiwa u-Emily.
Ukuhlala eCowan Bridge kwakuyisivivinyo esinzima kuCharlotte. Kwakulambile kakhulu futhi kubanda. Lapha waqala ukunambitha ubuhlungu bokungabi namandla. Emehlweni akhe, uMary wahlukumeza uMary, owathukuthela uthisha ngokungaboni kahle kwakhe, ngokungacacile nokuyeka.
Ubuqili obunzima, obuhlukunyezwayo kanye nokusetshenziswa okusheshayo ngokushesha kwaholela ekupheleni okubuhlungu. NgoFebhuwari, uMariya wathunyelwa ekhaya, ngoMeyi wafa. Kwabe sekuyisikhathi sika-Elisabeth, owayenempilo embi kakhulu.
Manje kwakukhona odade abathathu, kodwa ngandlela-thile kwathiwa ukuthi u-Emily no-Ann babumba inyunyana yabo ekhethekile "kabili", futhi uCharlotte wasondela eduze noBarnwell. Bobabili baqala ukushicilela umagazini wasekhaya kubantu abasha, ukudweba okuvela ku-Blackwood Magazine. Inkinga yokwakheka kwamadodakazi kaPatrick Bronte ayizange ishintshwe, kodwa manje wayenombono omkhulu futhi wayefisa ukunikeza uCharlotte, owokuqala emndenini, esikhungweni sezemfundo esingcono kakhulu. Lokho kwakuyi-Rohed School of Madade Wooler. Imali yokufundela yayiningi, kepha unkulunkulukazi uCharlotte wasindisa, futhi, ngenhliziyo, umfelokazi washiya uRowhead.
UCharlotte ubonakala engajwayelekile kumantombazane. Kodwa konke lokhu akuzange kumise ukuphatha uCharlotte onokuthula futhi onesizotha ngenhlonipho enkulu, ngoba wayebonakala engumsebenzi wokusebenza kanzima nomqondo womsebenzi. Ngokushesha waba umfundi wokuqala esikoleni, kodwa ngisho nangaleso sikhathi wayengahlali.
Ngo-1849, odade kanye nomfowabo kaCharlotte bafa ngesifo sofuba, futhi uhlala yedwa nobaba omdala nodokotela. Kwakungelula kumntombazana ompofu futhi ongeyena ovela esifundazweni esilakude ukuze agibele indlela eya ezincwadini. Incwadi yakhe yokuqala, The Teacher (1846), ayitholanga yimuphi umshicileli. Kodwa ngemva konyaka ukushicilelwa kwendabuko ethi "Jane Eyre" (1847) kwaba umcimbi obalulekile embusweni wokubhala waseNgilandi. Umcibisholo we-bourgeois uhlasele kakhulu leveli ngenxa yomoya wokuhlubuka, kodwa kwakuyilo moya ovukelayo owenza igama lomlobi liyaziwa kakhulu futhi lithandekayo emibuthanweni yentando yeningi. Ngesikhathi sokushicilelwa "nguShirley" (1849), lonke elaseNgilandi laliyazi igama leKerrer Bell - igama elidumile uSh. Brontë akhiphe "uJane Eyre". IKerrer Bell igama lomuntu, futhi abafundi abade isikhathi eside bengazi ukuthi owesifazane wayefihla ngemuva kwakhe. Umlobi kwakudingeka asebenzise ukukhohliswa, ngoba wayenesiqiniseko sokuthi u-bourgeoisie we-English owamkhohlisayo uyomlahla kuphela ngoba ayebhalwa owesifazane.
U-Bronte usuvele ehlangenwe nakho ngalokhu: ngisho nangaphambi kokushicilelwa kokuqoqwa kwezinkondlo, wake wathumela incwadi nezinkondlo zakhe kumlobi uRobert Southey. Wamtshela ukuthi izincwadi aziwona umsebenzi wesifazane; owesifazane, ngokombono wakhe, kufanele athole ukwaneliseka endlini kanye nokukhuliswa kwezingane. [2.3, 54]
Emva kukaShirley, uBronte wabhala inkulumo ethi "Vilette" (1853), lapho etshela khona ukuhlala kwakhe okufushane eBrussels, lapho efunda khona futhi esebenza endlini yokugibela ngethemba lokuvula isikole sakhe. Lebhizinisi eNgilandi yaseBurgeois linganikeza umlobi ngokuzimela okukhulu. Kodwa inhloso yayingakaze ibe khona.
E-Russia, umsebenzi weS S. Bronte uyaziwa kusukela kuma-50 e-XIX leminyaka. Ukuhunyushwa kwazo zonke amanoveli akhe kushicilelwe emaphephandabeni aseRashiya ngaleso sikhathi; imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile yayinikezwe kuye.
Okubaluleke kunazo zonke futhi kuyathandwa yileveli ka Sh. Bronte "Jane Eyre". Indaba yokuphila kaJane Eyre iyisithelo sobuciko bezingcweti, kodwa izwe lokuhlangenwe nakho kwalo kwangaphakathi ngokuqinisekile liseduze noSh. Brontë. Indaba evela kumuntu we-heroine, icacile ngokucacile ngombala. Futhi nakuba uBronte ngokwakhe, ngokungafani no-heroine wakhe, owayewazi konke ukufutheka kwezintandane nesinye isinkwa sabantu kusukela esemncane, wakhulela emndenini omkhulu, ezungezwe umfowabo nodadewabo - izici zobuciko, yena, njengoJane Eyre, wayehloselwe ukusinda bonke abathandekayo bakhe .
UBronte wafa eneminyaka engamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye, emngcwaba umfowabo nodadewabo, futhi engaqapheli injabulo yomshado nomama, okwamnika ngokukhululekile i-heroine yokubhala.