Izincwadi zokuqala neNineve
INineve yayisensimini ye-Iran yesimanje. Idolobha lalinomsebenzi ocacile, okwakungekho muntu owaqhaqhaza ukuwaphula. Futhi ngo-612 BC. Idolobha labhujiswa futhi lashiswa ngamabutho aseBabiloni namaMede.
Izincwadi zokuqala zalethwa lapha ezivela emazweni lapho i-Asiriya ehola khona impi futhi yabanqoba. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abathandi bezincwadi bavele ezweni. Ngokuqondene ne-Tsar Ashshubanipale ngokwakhe, wayengumuntu ofundiswe kakhulu, wafunda ukufunda nokubhala esemncane, futhi ngesikhathi sokubusa wayenomtapo omkhulu, lapho ekhetha khona amakamelo amaningana esigodlweni sakhe. Wafunda zonke izazi zaleso sikhathi.
Ngo-1849 umhambi waseNgilandi uLejjard ngenkathi evuliwe uye wathola izindawo zokubhujiswa, ezifihlwe ngaphansi komhlaba iminyaka eminingi. Sekuyisikhathi eside akekho oye wacabanga ukubaluleka kwalokhu kuthungwa. Futhi kuphela uma izazi zanamuhla zifunda ukufunda umbhalo waseBabiloni, inani lazo langempela laziwa.
Yini emakhasini ezincwadi zobumba?
Amakhasi ezincwadi zobumba ayenamagugu amasiko kaSumer no-Akkad. Bathi ngisho nakulezo zendulo zasendulo, izibalo zakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi yezibalo: ukubala amaphesenti, ukulinganisa indawo, ukuphakamisa inombolo emandleni nokukhipha impande. Baze babe netafula labo lokubuyabuyelela, nakuba kwakunzima kakhulu ukuqonda kunalokho esisisebenzisa manje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukala kweviki ngezinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngokuqondile kuvela ngokuqondile kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
"Le ncwadi iyiwindi elincane, umhlaba wonke ubonakala kuwo"
"Uzofunda izincwadi - uzokwazi konke"
"Amapharele aphuma ekujuleni kolwandle, ulwazi ludonsela ekujuleni kwezincwadi"
Indalo nezici zesitoreji
Amabhuku okugaya agcinwa ngendlela ethakazelisayo. Ukucacisa igama negama lekhasi phansi kwencwadi kwakuwumthetho oyinhloko. Futhi encwadini ngayinye elandelwayo, umugqa ophelile owawuphelile wabhaliswa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi zigcinwe ngokuhlelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona ngisho nekhathalogi emtatsheni weNinnesian, lapho igama, inani lamigqa kanye negatsha lapho incwadi yalo lingabakho khona kulotshiwe. Kwakunezincwadi zomthetho, izindaba zabahambi, ulwazi lwezokwelapha, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezichazamazwi nezinhlamvu.
Ukudulela indalo yabo kwakuyikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu. Kwaqala ukuxutshwa isikhathi eside, bese benza amaphilisi amancane futhi wabhala ngenduku ngenkathi ubuso bebusemanzi.