Mayelana naye maduzane ukhuluma okuningi nokuningi, kepha ulwazi luvame ukuphikisana. Bathi i-cholesterol iyingozi emzimbeni futhi kufanele ilahlwe, kuthiwa iyasiza futhi ibaluleke kakhulu. Uphi iqiniso? Yikuphi ngempela i-cholesterol - indima yayo yezinto eziphilayo kanye namakhemikhali yenyama enikezwe kulesi sihloko.
I-cholesterol i-styrene futhi itholakala ikakhulukazi ezicukwaneni zezilwane, kuhlanganise nabantu. I-cholesterol yamahhala iyinhlangano esemqoka yezingqamuzana zamangqamuzana futhi iyasebenza njengama-hormone e-steroid, okufaka i-estrogen, i-testosterone, i-aldosterone ne-bile acid. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umzimba wethu ukhiqiza zonke izinhlobo ze-cholesterol, esiyidingayo ngobuningi obudingekayo. Lapho eqhuba izifundo zezinga le-cholesterol, odokotela empeleni balinganisa izinga lokuhambisa i-cholesterol egazini, noma ngamanye amazwi, izinga le-cholesterol. I-85% ye-cholesterol ejikeleza egazini ikhiqizwa ngumzimba ngokwawo. I-15% esele ivela emithonjeni yangaphandle - kusuka kokudla. I-cholesterol yezinkuni ingena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa inyama, izinkukhu, izinhlanzi nezilwane zasolwandle, amaqanda nemikhiqizo yobisi. Abanye abantu badla ukudla okunamafutha e-cholesterol, kodwa banesifo se-cholesterol esincane futhi, ngokuphambene, badla abantu abadla ukudla abangaphansi kwe-cholesterol, okwamanje abanamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini. Izinga le-cholesterol egazini linganyuswa ngokuthatha i-cholesterol yokudla, amafutha agcweleyo nama-ac acid ac acid. Lokhu kwanda kwe-cholesterol kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuqina kwe-atherosclerosis - ukubeka i-plaque ezindongeni zemikhumbi, ehambisana nokugeleza kwegazi okuvamile. Uma imishanguzo ye-coronary ivinjelwe, ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izinhlayiya ze-plaque zixhuma ezindongeni zezimpahla, zingangena egazini, kanye nalo zifinyelele ebuchosheni futhi zidale isifo.
Iyini i-cholesterol "emihle" futhi "embi"?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-lipoproteins (izingxenye ze-cholesterol), ezisebenza ngezindlela ezihlukile. I-lipoprotein encane ihambisa i-cholesterol esesibindi kuya kwezinye izitho zomzimba nezicubu. Uma izinga le-cholesterol liphakeme kakhulu, i-cholesterol ifakwa ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. Kulokhu, kubizwa ngokuthi "kubi" cholesterol. I-high-density lipoprotein, ngokuphambene nalokho, ithwala i-cholesterol kusuka egazini eliya esibindi, lapho lisetshenziselwa khona futhi likhishwe emzimbeni. Amathuba okuqoqwa kwe-cholesterol enjalo ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi yinto encane kakhulu. Yingakho i-cholesterol enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi "kuhle". Ngamafuphi, ukuphakama kwama-lipoprotein, kunciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo nesifo somzimba. Kubantu abadala abadala abaneminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu, amazinga alandelayo ephilayo we-cholesterol egazini anconywa:
1. I-cholesterol yonke ingaphansi kwezigidigidi ezingama-200 nge-deciliter (mg / dL);
2. "Cholesterol" engalungile - engekho ngaphezu kuka 40 mg / dL;
3. "Cholesterol" enhle - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-100 mg / dl.
I-cholesterol nesifo senhliziyo
I-cholesterol kakhulu egazini ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Ngama-1960s no-70s, ososayensi bathola ukuxhumana phakathi kwamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol nesifo senhliziyo. I-cholesterol ibeka ama-plaque okuthiwa, iqoqa ezindongeni ze-arteries futhi iyanciphise izinga lokugeleza kwegazi. Le nqubo yokunciphisa ibizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis futhi ngokuvamile ivela emithanjeni ehlinzeka ngegazi kusuka emzimbeni wenhliziyo kuya kuzo zonke izitho kanye nezicubu. Uma ingxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ye-muscle yenhliziyo engatholi igazi elanele, ngokulandelana, i-oxygen nezakhi, umphumela ubuhlungu besifuba obubizwa ngokuthi i-angina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiqephu se-plaque ye-cholesterol singakhululwa emdongeni wesitsha se-carnan bese siwuvimbela, okuzokwenza kube khona ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo, ukushaywa kanye nokufa okungazelelwe. Ngenhlanhla, inqola ye-cholesterol ingabambezeleka, imiswe futhi ivinjelwe kalula. Into eyinhloko ukuqapha wena futhi uthole usizo lwabachwepheshe ngesikhathi.
I-cholesterol nokudla
Umzimba womuntu uthola i-cholesterol kusuka emithonjeni emibili eyinhloko: kusukela ngokwawo-ikakhulukazi esuka esibindi - ikhiqiza inani elihlukile lezinto, ngokuvamile ngo-1000 mg. ngosuku. Ukudla kuqukethe ne-cholesterol. Imikhiqizo yemvelaphi yezilwane - ikakhulukazi amaqanda, inyama ebomvu, izinkukhu, izinhlanzi zasolwandle kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi yonke equkethe okuningi kwe-cholesterol. Ukudla kwemifino (izithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu, amantongomane kanye nembewu) ayinayo i-cholesterol nhlobo. Umuntu wesimanje uthatha cishe u-360 mg. i-cholesterol ngosuku, nowesifazane wesimanje onokugula okungaba ngu-220-260 mg. ngosuku. I-American Heart Association itusa ukuthi isilinganiso se-cholesterol nsuku zonke asidluli ku-300 mg. Kusobala ukuthi abantu abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme kufanele badle i-cholesterol izikhathi eziningana ngaphansi. Ngokujwayelekile umzimba ukhiqiza i-cholesterol eyanele, okudingekayo, ngakho akudingekile ukuthatha ngokudla. I-fatty acidated acids yiyona eyinhloko imbangela yamakhemikhali ephakeme e-cholesterol egazini. Kulandela ukuthi, ngokusekela ukudla kwamafutha agcwele, ukungenisa kwe-cholesterol kungancishiswa kakhulu, ngoba ukudla okunezinhla ezigcweleyo kuqukethe i-cholesterol ephezulu.
Indima yokusebenza ngokomzimba ekujwayelekile kwamazinga e-cholesterol
Umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca ukwandisa izinga "cholesterol" elihle kuwo wonke, ngaphandle kokuhlukile. Kubuye kusize ukulawula isisindo somzimba, kuvimbela isifo sikashukela nokucindezelwa kwegazi eliphezulu. Umsebenzi we-aerobic (ukuhamba okusheshayo, ukugijima, ukubhukuda) kuthuthukisa imisipha yenhliziyo futhi kwandisa amandla okuphila komzimba. Ngamanye amazwi, indima yokusebenza ngokomzimba ekuvinjweni kwesifo senhliziyo isuke ikhulu kakhulu. Ngisho nomsebenzi olinganiselayo, uma wenza njalo nsuku zonke, unciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zihamba ngenjabulo, ukulima, ukugcina indlu, ukudansa nokuqina emakhaya.
Izingozi Zezingozi
Kunezici eziningi ezithinta izinga le-cholesterol - indima yayo yezinto eziphilayo kanye namakhemikhali emzimbeni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokudla, ubudala, isisindo, ubulili, izimo zofuzo, izifo ezihambisana nezimo kanye nendlela yokuphila. Futhi manje mayelana nomunye wabo ngokuningiliziwe.
Ukudla
Kunezizathu ezimbili zokuthi kungani izinga le-cholesterol egazini likhuphuka kakhulu. Okokuqala. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kokudla okuphezulu ngamafutha agcwele, kuyilapho amafutha ngokwawo engenayo i-cholesterol (kuhlanganise nemikhiqizo enezinga eliphezulu lamafutha omquba, kanye nesinkwa nesinkwa samafutha kakhukhunathi). Okwesibili. Lokhu kukudla okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-cholesterol (iqembu lalezi zokudla okukhulunywe ngenhla). Futhi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukudla kuphela kwesilwane semfuyo kuqukethe i-cholesterol.
Ubudala
Izinga le-cholesterol egazini landa ngokukhula-kungakhathaliseki ukudla. Lokhu kuyinto okufanele odokotela kumele bayicabangele lapho benquma ngezinketho zokwelapha iziguli ezinezinga eliphakeme legazi le-cholesterol.
Isisindo
Isisindo esiningi, njengombuso, siholela ezingeni eliphakeme le-cholesterol egazini. Indawo lapho isisindo esiningi sibheke khona, futhi sidlala indima yayo yemvelo. Ingozi iphezulu kakhulu uma ukugqithisa ngokweqile kuhloswe ngesisu bese kunciphisa uma kugxila emagodini nasemilenzeni.
Ubulili
Amadoda ngokuvamile anezinga eliphezulu le-cholesterol, ngokungafani nabesifazane, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-50. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-50, lapho abesifazane befika esikhathini sokuya esikhathini, baqaphela ukwehla kwezinga le-estrogen, okubangela izinga eliphakeme le-cholesterol "embi".
Izimo zofuzo
Abanye abantu basuke benesifo se-cholesterol esiphezulu. Izingosi eziningi ezizalwa njengezifo zingase ziholele ekwenzeni ukwanda kwe-cholesterol noma ukunciphisa amandla okuqedwa kwayo. Lo mkhuba emazingeni aphezulu we-cholesterol ngokuvamile uhanjiswa kusuka kubazali kuya ezinganeni.
Izifo ezihambisanayo
Ezinye izifo, ezifana nesifo sikashukela, zinganciphisa i-cholesterol kanye ne-triglycerides, ngaleyo ndlela ziphuthumise ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis. Ezinye izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwegazi zingakwandisa izinga le "cholesterol" elibi kanye ne-triglyceride futhi kunciphise izinga "cholesterol" elihle.
Indlela yokuphila
Izinga eliphezulu lokucindezeleka nokubhema yizinto ezingathinta kakhulu izinga le-cholesterol egazini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsebenzi owenziwe ngokomzimba ungakhuphula izinga le "cholesterol" elihle futhi unciphise izinga "elibi".