"Bonsai" ihunyushwa kusukela eJapane njengesitshalo esitsheni esiphansi. IJapane ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa ye-bonsai, nakuba ubuciko bokuthi izihlahla ezincane ezikhulayo ezisekelweni zivele kuqala cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili ezedlule eChina lasendulo. EJapane, lobu buci beza kuphela ngekhulu lesithupha leminyaka yethu, lapho kuthuthukiswa khona.
Kodwa-ke, ubuciko be-bonsai yesimanje njengalokho kwavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. I-bonsai yaseJapane ihluke kunesiShayina yendabuko ngokuthi owokuqala unomusa omkhulu.
Izidingo ezilandelayo ziphoqelekile kubhonasi bendabuko:
- I-trunk kumele ibe namandla, futhi uhlelo lwempande kufanele luboniswe ngokucacile;
- Imigqa ecacile necacile yamagatsha iyadingeka;
- umgogodla wezitshalo kufanele ube amagatsha nesiqu, futhi kufanele kubonakale ngokwanele ngamahlamvu;
- kudingekile ukuba kube khona ukufana nomuthi owenziwe ngezinhlobo ezifanayo noma ezihlobene ezikhula ezimweni zemvelo;
- Kudingeka ukuthi umkhumbi unomumo olula futhi umbala wayo awusizo;
- Umuthi nomkhumbi kumele ube nomdlalo wokuhlanganisa.
Indoor bonsai izihlahla
Umqondo wekamelo lebhonsai wazalwa eNtshonalanga yeJalimane. Izinkinga ezinkulu zihlotshaniswa ne-bonsai ekhulayo yasendlini ezindaweni ezihamba kahle, ngakho-ke lezi zitshalo zihlala isikhathi esifushane. Lesi sitshalo sangaphakathi sidinga umswakama ophezulu emoyeni, ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sitshalo kufanele sigcinwe ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka kumishini yokushisa. Baye besaba ama-drafts.
Izimo zokunakekela ibhonsai ekamelweni
I-house plant bonsai ihlehlise kakhulu, ngakho idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Uma i-bonsai ingagcinwa kahle, ingahle ilahlekelwe ubuhle bayo ibe isitshalo esivamile, hhayi umuthi omuhle. I-Bonsai ezimweni eziningi ibhekisela ezitshalweni ezisemhlabeni kanye nasezindaweni ezishisayo, okungesizathu sokungafanisi nesimo sezulu sethu. Kusuka lapha ungabona ukuthi izimo ze-bonsai kufanele zenziwe yedwa. Ngakho-ke, uma ungabaza ngokunikeza ibhonsai izimo ezidingekile zokukhula kwakhe okuphumelelayo nokujwayelekile, kungaba ngcono ukushiya le nhlangano ngokushesha.
Imodi yokukhanya ye-bonsai
Mhlawumbe uzothola inkinga enjengokuntuleka kokukhanya kwe-bonsai, ngoba njengasezindaweni ezishisayo usuku lokukhanya lube lude kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezilinganiso ezilinganisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka kubhonsai. Ikakhulukazi ukungabi nokukhanya kubonakala esikhathini esibandayo.
Njengoba kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-bonsai, khona-ke izimo zokukhanyisa zazo kufanele zihluke.
Ngaphambi kokukhetha indawo ye-bonsai okuqukethwe, kubalulekile ukucabangela imingcele yokukhanyisa:
- umbala wamafasitela nezindonga;
- ukutholakala kwezithiyo zangaphandle kukhanya kwelanga;
- indawo yezitshalo eziseduze zasendlini;
- ukukhanya kwelanga;
- isikhathi esivela efasiteleni;
- eceleni kwezwe (empumalanga, entshonalanga, eningizimu, enyakatho).
Futhi kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amakhethini aphezulu kakhulu angenisa ilanga. Ngakho-ke, emini, kufanele basuswe eceleni noma bakhuliswe, ukuze i-bonsai, engemva kwabo, ikwazi ukuthola ukukhanya okwanele.
Izimo zokushisa
Izinhlobo zama-sub-tropical bonsai (i-rosemary, igromegranate, umnqumo, i-myrtle) ngesikhathi sasebusika ziqukethe izinga lokushisa kwama-degrees Celsius amahlanu kuya kwezingu-15, futhi ehlobo zihanjiswa emkhathini. Izinhlobo zeTropical zigcinwa njalo emazingeni okushisa phakathi kwama-degrees Celsius ayisishiyagalombili nesishiyagalombili nanhlanu. Ehlobo, lolu hlobo lwesitshalo lusele endlini. I-bonsai ye-tropical ingafakwa efayeleni lensiza lamatshe, kuphela uma kukhona uhlelo lokushisa ngaphansi kwalo. Uma ukhathalela isitshalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinga eliphezulu lokushisa, amanzi amaningi, ukukhanya kanye nezondlo kuyadingeka. Futhi ekushiseni okuphansi, ukugcoba nokugqoka okuphezulu kwezitshalo kumele kube nokuningi.
Ukungcola komoya
Njengomthetho, umswakama endaweni yasemadolobheni ayanele ngokwamabhonsai. Kodwa le nkinga ingaxazululwa kanjani?
Indlela ebiza kakhulu kunazo zonke, kodwa hhayi indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokusungula umswakama omuhle womoya ingabhekwa njengenhlangano ye-humidifier yomoya kagesi. Kodwa ama-humidifiers anezinselele ezimbalwa, isibonelo: ubukhulu obukhulu, imiphumela yomsindo, izindleko eziphezulu zokuqukethwe.
Futhi indlela elula yokuxazulula le nkinga kuyoba ukufaka isitshalo se-bonsai esitsheni esiphansi esigcwele amanzi. Ngezansi udinga ukubeka amatshe amancane noma ubeke i-lattice, futhi kubo ukufaka ibhodlela le-bonsai. Gcina inani lamanzi ezingeni elifanayo. Uma lesi sitsha sibekwe ngaphezu kwesistimu yokushisa, ukusebenza kahle kwemoya ye-humidification kuyokwanda.
Ukwandisa umswakama, kuyadingeka ukuba uphese lesi sitshalo ngamanzi. Noma kunjalo, le nqubo iphila isikhathi esifushane futhi kufanele iphindwe ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ufafaza isitshalo kangcono ekuseni, ukuze kume kuze kusihlwa.
Ukuphuza ibhonsai
Umhlaba emgodini onobhontshisi kumele ube nomanzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Thola ukuthi umhlaba owomile ungaba ngombala noma ngokuthinta. Uma indawo yomhlabathi ingumqwembe owomile, khona-ke inhlabathi ayimile ngokuphelele. Kudingeka ukuthi amanzi afinyelele phansi kwesitsha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele uchithe inhlabathi kabili noma kathathu, kuyadingeka ukuthi zonke izinhlanzi zesihlabathi zisetshenziswe. Ngesikhathi esifudumele i-bonsai idinga amanzi amaningi kunobusika, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo sikhula ngokwengeziwe ehlobo. I-bonsai yama-tropical ehlobo yayiphuza ngokweqile, kangangokuthi inhlabathi yayisomile, futhi ama-tropical awabekezelele kahle amanzi abandayo. Ukuze ukuchelela, kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi aqhakazile. Nakuba kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amanzi okupompo amahora ambalwa. Amanzi anjalo avimbela ukungcola okuyimfucuza nokungcola futhi abe yikamelo lokushisa.
Umhlaba
I-Bonsai yisitshalo esenzelwe umhlabathi olungisiwe, esasakazwa kakhulu ekudayiseni. Ngenxa yokuthi enhlabathini enjalo, njengoba umthetho, izinhlayiya eziningi ezinhle ziqukethwe. Kodwa ingasetshenziswa njengesithasiselo emhlabathini oyinhloko.