Eyunivesithi enkulu kunazo zonke kazwelonke, i-Brown University, ebhekwa njengenye yezindawo ezihlonishwa kakhulu eMelika, yenza isifundo esikhulu sokuziphatha komuntu. Inhloso yalo kwakuwukucacisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwemikhuba yabantu kanye nempumelelo yabo yezezimali. Ucwaningo lwaqhubeka iminyaka emihlanu, futhi luhileleke kulo abangaphezu kuka-150 000 abantu abavela emindenini engama-50, lapho imali eyithola khona, futhi engayifumani ifa. Ngemuva kokucubungula idatha futhi ngokufunda imiphumela, abacwaningi benza uhlu lwemikhuba ewusizo, emva kwalokho lowo muntu uzothola ucebile ngokushesha noma kamuva.
Umthombo owengeziwe wemali engenayo
Abantu abaningi abacebile banemithombo engaphezu kweyodwa yenzuzo. Amaphesenti angu-67% abacebile bangenxa yamabhizinisi amaningi anenzuzo. Futhi lokhu akuyona nje ukutshalwa kwemali. Labo abangenayo imali yamahhala yokutshalwa kwezimali, bathola imisebenzi embalwa ukuze babe nayo, bese banda, kufaka phakathi ngokusebenzisa izimali, ukuvula ibhizinisi labo, ukuqeqeshwa. Baqonda ukuthi isikhathi sabo samahhala siyimali, futhi bazama ukuyihlela ngendlela yokukhulisa wonke amakhono abo namathuba abo. Phakathi kwabantu abampofu, kuphela 6% abanomkhuba wokufuna imithombo eyengeziwe yemali engenayo.
Ukufunda izincwadi ezisebenzayo
Abantu abangaba ngu-80% abacebile babiza umkhuba odingekayo wokuphumelela ngokwezimali ukuze bafune ulwazi olwenza amakhono ochwepheshe. Ukufunda njalo izincwadi ezikhethekile kusiza ukwandisa ubuchwepheshe bomuntu, ukuphakamisa izinga elisha emsebenzini nokuthola imali ehambisana nolwazi kanye nesimo esiphakeme. Ngokuvamile abantu abacebile bakhononda ukuthi banesikhathi esincane kakhulu sokufunda izincwadi zobuciko, ngoba izincwadi zebhizinisi zihlala ziqala kuqala. Abantu abahola kancane, uma befunda (futhi lokhu kungu-11% kuphela), benza lokhu kuphela ngenjabulo futhi bakhethe izincwadi ezithandwayo zobuciko. Nokho, ngobuningi kakhulu, abafundi lutho.
Ukuhlelwa Kwebhajethi
Ukubalwa kwesabelomali kuwumkhuba ongenamkhawulo ka-84% wabantu abacebile. Bahlela ngokuqondile izindleko zabo inyanga, ngonyaka bese benza konke ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwesabelomali. Ukugcina amarekhodi wezindleko kuyala futhi kukuvumela ukuthi ubone isithombe jikelele semali engenayo kanye nezindleko. Abantu abacebile abakaze bavele ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuphazamiseka, lapho basebenzisa khona imali. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo njalo kuhlelwe, futhi ngisho nalokho okushiwo yizo izindleko ezizobe zingalindelekile, baphinde bacabange. Abantu abasemaphethelweni wokuncenga, akalokothi akhe amacebo wezimali ezifinyelela kude. Futhi kuphela izakhamuzi ezijwayelekile ezingu-20 kuphela ezilawula uhlelo lwazo lwesabelomali.
Ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo
Abantu abaningi abaphumelelayo ngokwezezimali, ngokungafani nabantu abangaphumelelanga, abazivumeli ukuthi bachithe, okungenakutholakala ngemali yabo. Ukuze bazicebe ngokwabo, izigidigidi zekusasa ziphoqelelwa ukuba zilondoloze, kuhlanganise nesimo. Basebenzisa imali ngokweqile, bebeka izinto eziza kuqala ekusebenziseni imali. Isibonelo, uma kukhona umbuzo wokukhetha phakathi kwemoto engabizi futhi ehloniphekile, ekuqaleni bakhetha imoto eshibhile ukuba bangashiyi izidingo ezibalulekile futhi bangangeni esikweleti. Indoda engapheli, kodwa inomkhuba wokuthatha izinto ezibizayo esikhwameni, futhi ngokujwayelekile, uhlala esikhwameni, akunakwenzeka ukuba uphume kuwo.
Ukuqoqwa kokonga
Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi abantu abangamaphesenti angu-93 abanenhloko-zimali ezithakazelisayo, bahlehlisa imali njalo. Akukhathaleki ukuthi kungakanani. Into eyinhloko ukuthi yaba umkhuba futhi waba yisibopho esijwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, badala "imali yokuphepha" yezezimali, kanye nemali eqoqiwe, okwabavumela ukuba bathule imali yabo futhi bacebe. Abampofu bavame ukusindisa noma basindise imali, bachaza lokhu ukuthi ukugcinwa kwemali encane kuyoba yinto engabalulekanga kakhulu, okusho ukuthi asikho isizathu sokubahlehlisa. Kukhona enye ingxabano: ngeke bakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kwalabo aba-10%, okumele bahlehliselwe imali. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kochwepheshe, kunoma yikuphi, kunengqondo ukuqala ukuqoqa imali, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi leli "stock inviolable" lincane kangakanani.
Igunya lezezimali
Izingane ezikhulayo futhi zikhuliswa emindenini ecebile ngokuvamile ziyakwamukela ibhizinisi lomndeni kanye nesipiliyoni sokwakha. Lokhu kungokwemvelo, ngoba ekuqaleni ingane iwuhlobo oluyimpumelelo lwemali yokuqhuba ibhizinisi lomndeni. Akudingeki ukuthi athole "ibhayisikili". Usungulwe kakade nguyise noma umkhulu wakhe. Abantu abanenhlanhla, futhi bevela emindenini empofu, kufanele bakhe i-fortune yabo ngezitini. Kubo, igunya labazali ebhizinisini lishintsha isipiliyoni sabanye abantu abaphumelele abaye bazuza ukuphakama okumangalisayo ebhizinisini labo, futhi balungele ukwabelana ngolwazi lwabo nolwazi lwabo. Abaningi abacebile banamuhla baye bafaka indlela yabo ekuphumeleleni kwezezimali ngosizo lomeluleki. Bamthola esondelene nabangane babo noma ngokuzibophezela ekuziqheleni okuyinzuzo nomuntu owazi ukuceba. Zizungeze nabantu abaphumelelayo nabanenjongo - umkhuba owusizo kakhulu.
Imigomo Yomhlaba Wonke
Abantu abaningi abacebile bavuma ukuthi umgomo omkhulu waba nempumelelo yabo. Kumuntu othile kwakuyisilinganiso esithile, futhi othile usanda kuthuthukisa ukuzilibazisa kwakhe, futhi akazange athembele enhlokodini, kodwa ngokuthakazelisa kwebhizinisi, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yaba yimali enkulu. Abantu abanemali ephansi futhi ephansi bavame ukwesaba ukubeka imigomo yokufisa. Futhi kuyize! Kubalulekile ukuchaza umgomo othakazelisayo, ukuthatha izibopho nokuqinisa isisusa salo. Futhi ukuya kubantu bakhe abaphumelelayo bacebisa izinyathelo ezincane, okungukuthi, bephule iphupho ngezinhloso ezincane. Ngakho umsebenzi ubonakala uyenzeka futhi uyenzeka ngempela.
Imali engenayo
Zonke izigidigidi nezigidigidi zinemali engenayo. Akunakwenzeka ukufinyelela ezingeni elifanayo ngaphandle kokuheha imithombo, izindlela ezingena ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela ngokuzikhandla kuyo. Inzuzo encane ibandakanya: idiphozi yasebhange, imali yokutshala izimali kanye nokwethenjwa, ukugcinwa kwemali, ukuqashiswa kwezindlu noma impahla, amalungelo obunikazi, izibopho, njll (isibonelo, ingoma edume emhlabeni wonke "Happy Birthday To You!" Inkampani- umninimvume uthola njalo ngonyaka mayelana nezigidi ezimbili zamaRandi). Abantu abampofu abatholi isikhathi nethuba lokutadisha umkhakha wemali engenayo, ngoba bahlala behlupheka.