Njengoba wazi, ingane ayizalwanga ngombono we-100%. Ngokukhula komuntu omncane, imisebenzi ebonakalayo ithuthukisa futhi ithuthukise. Ngenqubo yokwaziswa nokuqonda kwezwe elisizungezile ngosizo lombono, sifunda ngombala wezinto ezihlukahlukene, ukuma kwawo nobukhulu bawo, kanye nendawo yabo yendawo kanye nesilinganiso sokudeka kithi noma okunye. Ngenxa yemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokubuka, sithola ulwazi mayelana nezwe elisizungezile.
Imisebenzi esemqoka yokubukwa yilezi: ubuningi bokubukwa; indawo yokubuka; umbala; oculomotor imisebenzi; uhlobo lombono. Ukunciphisa kwanoma yimiphi imisebenzi engenhla kuholela ekuphukeni kokubona okubukwayo.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuholela ekunciphisweni kwamehlo, isivinini, ukuchithwa, ukuphelela kokubona, okuholela ekubuneni nasekunciphiseni ukuqashelwa kwezithombe nezinto. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kubonakala, njengombuso, ngendlela ye-hyperopia, i-myopia, i-astigmatism (ukwephula okuvezwe ekuguqulweni kwesistimu yokukhanya kweso kuma-meridians ahlukahlukene).
Ukuba khona kwephula umthetho wemisebenzi kubangelwa ukuvela kobunzima obuningi bokubona, ukungabi namandla okuhlukanisa omunye wembala emithathu (okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, obuluhlaza) noma obangela ingxube yemibala ebomvu neluhlaza.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwemisebenzi ye- oculomotor kubangela ukuphambuka kwehlo elilodwa endaweni ejwayelekile yokulungisa, okuholela ekubambeni.
Ukuphulwa kwemisebenzi yensimu yokubukela kwenza kube nzima ukuhlangana okufanayo, ubuqotho nokuqina kokubona, okuvimbela ukuma kwendawo.
Ukuba khona kwephulwa komzimba we- binocular of vision kuholela ekunciphiseni ikhono lokubona kanye ngamehlo amabili, futhi kuphazamisa umbono wezinto njengento yonke, okuholela ekuphazamiseni umbono wezendawo, we-stereoscopic wezwe elizungezile.
Ukuzwela okukhanyayo kubonakala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane. Ukukhanya kunomthelela omuhle ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lokubukwa kwezingane, futhi luyisizathu sokwakheka kwazo zonke izinto ezibukwayo.
Ukulungiswa ezinganeni zemisebenzi ebonakalayo kwenziwa ngezinkomba ezifanele, lapho ukwephulwa kwamakhono okubukeka kwengane kubonakala ngempela. Kufanele wazi ukuthi umbono ophakathi ubonakala enganeni kuphela ezinyangeni ezingu-2-3 zokuphila. Njengoba ingane ikhula, it ngcono. Ubuningi obubonakalayo obusana olusanda kuzalwa luphansi kakhulu futhi ngu-0.005-0.015, emva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa lukhuphukela ku-0.01-0.03. Eminyakeni emibili, isilinganiso sezinto ezibonakalayo ezingu-0.2-0.3 kanye neminyaka engu-6-7 kuphela (futhi ngokwemininingwane ethile futhi kuya ku-10-11) ifinyelela ku-0.8-1.0.
Ngokuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukubunjwa kwemisebenzi yokubona umbala nakho kwenzeka. Ngenxa yocwaningo lwesayensi, kwavezwa ukuthi ikhono lokuhlukanisa umbala kuqala livela ezinyangeni ezingu-2-6. Uma uneminyaka engama-4 kuya kwemihlanu, ukukhanya kombala kubantwana kuthuthukiswa kahle, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa.
Imingcele yensimu ebonakalayo yezingane zangaphambi kwesikole cishe ingamaphesenti angu-10 aphansi kunabantu abadala. Ngeminyaka engu-6-7 ubudala bafinyelela ezimisweni ezijwayelekile.
Umsebenzi wombono we-binocular uqala kamuva kunabo bonke imisebenzi ebonakalayo. Ngenxa yalokhu msebenzi, ukulinganisa okunembile ngokwesikhala kwenziwa. Ukuguqulwa kwekhwalithi ekuhloleni kokubonwa kwendawo kwenzeka eminyakeni engama-2-7, ngesikhathi ingane ikwazi ukukhuluma inkulumo nokuqonda ukucabanga okungabonakali.
Ukwenza ukuhlolwa okulungile kwezinto ezibonakalayo zomntwana, kubalulekile ukuvakashela i-ophthalmologist yezingane ngesikhathi. Kunconywa ukuthi uvakashele udokotela eneminyaka engu-1-2 (ukukhipha ukukhubazeka okukhulu ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi ye-eye) nasezinyangeni eziyi-10-11 (uma izinguquko zamakhadikhazi zenzeka ekushintsheni kwendawo ebonakalayo yengane). Esikhathini seminyaka eyodwa kuya kwemibili kubalulekile ukuvakashela ophthalmologist kanye ngonyaka. Uma kungenayo izinkinga zamehlo, isheke elilandelayo lenziwa lapho lineminyaka eyisithupha, ngaphambi kwesikole, bese lihlolwe ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho uwela ekilasini. Esikhathini seminyaka yesikole, uma kunomthwalo ophezulu kulezi zixhobo ezibonakalayo zengane, ochwepheshe batusa ukuhlola imisebenzi ebonakalayo njalo njalo eminyakeni emibili.
Imisebenzi ebonakalayo nokulungiswa kwazo - ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwezixhobo ezibukwayo, lapho ukuhlolwa okulungile nokukhetha izindlela zokwelapha kubalulekile. Ngakho-ke, lapho kukhona noma yikuphi ukwehlukana, kubalulekile ukuthola ochwepheshe abanekhono futhi ulandele ngokuqinile izincomo, kanye nezinhlelo ezimisiwe zokulungisa imisebenzi ebonakalayo yengane.