Kuze kube manje, ochwepheshe baye bathola ulwazi olwanele mayelana nemiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa ekuthuthukiseni i-fetus nezinsana. Izidakamizwa eziyingozi kunazo zonke ezinomthelela we-teratogenic (ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa ezinganeni esikhathini esizayo).
Imithi ephikisanayo ekukhulelweni ingaba nemiphumela yayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sokukhulelwa, kodwa ulwazi olunokwethenjelwa luyatholakala ngokuqapha umphumela wezidakamizwa ngesikhathi se-organogenesis (kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-18 kuya ku-55) nangesikhathi sokukhula komntwana nokukhula (emva kwezinsuku ezingu-56) .
Sizisola kakhulu, isenzo sezinto ezithinta abantu kubantu kunzima ukubikezela, ngokusekelwe kwedatha yokuhlola, etholakala ezilwaneni. Isibonelo, i-hypnotic thalidomide iyisimo sangempela se-teratogen, futhi ngesikhathi esifanele lesi sidakamizwa sasivame ukubekwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe emhlabeni wonke. Ngakho-ke ekuziphatheni kokuhlolwa kwezilwane noma yimuphi umphumela we-teratogenic awubonakalwanga.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukutholakala kwalezi zinkinga zokwelapha izidakamizwa kuyinkimbinkimbi nemvelo yemvelo yokukhubazeka kokubeletha okuhlotshaniswa nezinye izimbangela (utshwala, imvelo, ukutheleleka kwegciwane, njll).
Kukhona inqwaba yezidakamizwa ezingase zibe yingozi kusukela ekubukeni kwe-teratogenesis, futhi umphumela wayo ubonakala uma kunezici ezinhle kulokhu. Ngakho-ke, lapho kubeka izidakamizwa kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokubeletha, kubalulekile ukuhlola ingozi ekhona futhi ihlobanise ngezinzuzo zokusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kubalulekile ukukhipha ukukhulelwa uma izidakamizwa ezinezakhiwo ze-teratogenic zinqunywe.
Ngokusekelwe kwimiphumela yedatha etholakala ngemva kokuhlolwa kwabantu futhi ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni, izidakamizwa ezikhathini zanamuhla zihlukaniswa ngokwezinga lokungena engozini kumntwana ozayo kwamanye amazwe (e-Australia, eU.SA). Imithi ihlukaniswe yaba yizigaba ezivela ku-A, eziphephile, ku-D, eziyingozi ukunquma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Futhi isigaba X sabelwe - lezi zidakamizwa ziphikisana ngokuphelele nabesifazane abakhulelwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingozi kusuka kwesicelo inkulu kakhulu kunenzuzo ngenxa yomphumela ophansi wezokwelapha.
Uhlu lwezidakamizwa ezivela esigabeni X:
- izidakamizwa;
- ukukhulelwa kwe-hormonal;
- antihypertensives (chlorothiazide, reserpine);
- ama-antibiotic amaningi (tetracycline, streptomycin);
- i-vitamin A, uma umthamo udlula u-10 IU ngosuku;
- ama-analgesics (i-indomethacin, i-aspirin).
Kuphikisana ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa:
- ezinye izigciwane (nakuba ukulimala ekusetshenzisweni kwemigomo ekukhulelwe akuboniswanga);
- izidakamizwa ezenza imiphumela emibi, futhi zibekwe udokotela kuphela lapho kudingeka khona impilo yowesifazane okhulelwe;
- amalungiselelo angasetshenziselwa ukucwaninga (ingozi kusuka kwesicelo ayitholakali, kodwa futhi ayikhokiswanga).
Kumele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi owesifazane akakwazi ukusebenzisa imithi kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kodwa futhi nemithi eminingi. Isibonelo, i-blueberry, umama nomama wesifazane, i-comfrey, i-magnolia, umjunipha, i-stekhnia, njll.
Ngaphambi kokuthatha lesi sidakamizwa, owesifazane okhulelwe kufanele afunde ngokucophelela isichasiselo, ngoba kubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukuze uthembeke, ungaxhumana nochwepheshe.
Lapho ebeka izidakamizwa futhi enquma umthamo, udokotela akumelwe acabange nje kuphela umthelela ekukhulelweni, kodwa futhi nomphumela wokukhulelwa ngomphumela wezidakamizwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwezinguquko ekuthatheni, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokukhipha izidakamizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ama-protein aguqukile, inani le-extracellular fluid, ku-trimester yesithathu lishintsha umsebenzi wezinso nesibindi, futhi bahlanganyela ekucubungulweni nasekususweni kwezidakamizwa.
Ukwamukela izimali eziphikisanayo kufanele kumelelwe ngesikhathi sokuhlela ukukhulelwa, kokubili abesifazane nabesilisa. Uma ukhulelwe kwenzeka, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe: landela izincomo zodokotela futhi uqaphele ukungena okungalawulwa kwemithi.