Imvubelo: ukwakheka, izindawo, ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinhlobo

Kakade ezikhathini zasendulo, isintu sazi ngemvubelo - izinkulungwane zeminyaka ziye zasetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwanoma yiluphi utshwala, ziqala nge-ale futhi ziphela nge-whisky. Isixazululo esenzelwe ukukhiqiza imvubelo singenziwa noma yikuphi - i-apula, amagilebhisi, i-malt, i-hop, i-rye, ukolweni, njll; Usengasebenzisa ama-molasses, amazambane kanye neminye imikhiqizo yokudla.


Ukwenziwa komvubelo

Ngokuphathelene nokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali, imvubelo ayizinzile neze: kuxhomeke enhlotsheni yayo eningi lalo fomu. Okwamanje kukhona kakade cishe izinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane. Futhi, ukwakheka kuncike kakhulu emphakathini lapho imvubelo yanda khona. Ngokuvamise ukuthi ziqukethe ingxenye yesine yendaba eyomile namanzi e-tricheverty. Udaba olomile luhlanganisa izinto ezinjengama-carbohydrate, izinto ezingavamile, i-nitrogen, amafutha namaprotheni.

Izinto ezingajwayelekile ngokuvamile zimelelwa nge-potassium ne-phosphoric acid. Engxenyeni ye-carbohydrate ingxenye yemvubelo, i-polysaccharides iqukethe, futhi kuma-protein, ama-amino acids, afaka zonke izinto ezidingekayo; kuma fat ingatholakala polyunsaturated futhi saturated amafutha acids.

Izinhlobo zemvubelo

Izinhlobo zemvubelo ziye zafunda ukuhlukanisa ekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye leminyaka: ososayensi baye baqhuba ukuhlolwa okuningi futhi imisebenzi eminingi kule ndaba ibhaliwe.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziyinhloko zemvubelo, ezisetshenzisiwe namuhla ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, ungabiza njengezicucu, zokubhaka, ezomile ezisebenza, ubhiya, okusheshayo, iwayini.

Indlela elula ukuthola imvubelo yesibhakabhaka - ayithengiswa kunoma yisiphi isitolo esitolo, ehlanganiswe emasakeni amancane; banomphelo obunzima obunzima futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa-ngisho nengane ingabapheka ngesisekelo sabo.

Imvubelo ecindezelweyo yaziwa nangokuthi i-confectionery. Ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwisitoreji: uma zigcinwe ngaphandle kwesiqandisisi, emva kwamasonto amabili ngeke zilungele ukusetshenziswa, kanti uma izinga lokushisa elingaphakathi lilinganiselwa kuma-degree amathathu, impilo yeshalofu incishisiwe ibe yizinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine. Kunconywa ukuthi uyigcine efrijini, kuyokwanela ukulondoloza izindawo zabo izinyanga ezimbili. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imvubelo, i-confectionery kufanele ihlanjululwe ngamanzi afudumele.

Imvubelo eyomile inemafulethi omude okude uma iphakethe layo lingavulwa: endaweni epholile eyomile bangakwazi ukulala amanga eminyakeni emibili. Imvubelo evulekile idinga isitoreji esitsheni esivaliwe esiqinile esibekwe esiqandisini - ukuze sigcinwe cishe izinyanga ezine.

Imvubelo esebenzayo kumele ichithe ngamanzi afudumele (ingxenye eyodwa yemvubelo ezingxenyeni ezine zamanzi), shiya imizuzu eyishumi, bese ushukumisa futhi kancane kancane.

Imvubelo yokuqothula ngokushesha ibuye ibe cishe izakhiwo ezifanayo futhi isetshenziswe cishe ngendlela efanayo, noma ngabe ilungele ukusetshenziswa ngemva kwemizuzu eyishumi emanzini afudumele.

Zonke izinhlobo zemvubelo ezibalwe ngenhla zingagcina umsebenzi wazo isikhathi eside uma zihambisana nokuqhwaza, kodwa ungenzi ngokungazelelwe - zizwela izinguquko zokushisa ezibhubhisa amaseli omvubelo, ukuze zihlanjululwe kancane kancane, futhi amanzi kufanele athuthukiswe kancane ukuze aqothule.

Imvubelo ye-Brewer ihlukile kulabo asetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa, futhi kukhona okuningi kubo. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ubhiya obuhlukile bunemibala ehlukene, ukunambitheka nezinye izici. Isibonelo, i-El yenziwe ngemvubelo ekhethekile, engaphansi kokungcola kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo. Njengomthetho, imvubelo ye-brewer ikhona ngendlela ye-liquid, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ayidingi ukuchithwa.

Futhi imvubelo isetshenziselwa ukupheka kvass, noma kunjalo, kulokhu, i-lactobacilli nayo iqhaza kule nqubo.

Ama-yeast asetshenziselwa ukudala amawayini ahlukahlukene e-išampansky anempilo ephezulu yokuphila phakathi nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kokuphuza utshwala nokushisa okuphezulu okunye okunye okufayo okufayo khona.

Kunezinye izinhlobo zemvubelo ezingasetshenziselwa ukubhaka - ukudla noma imvubelo yokudla: zihamba ngemishanguzo yokushisa bese zifika esimweni esingasebenzi, kodwa amaseli abo ahlala engaqondile ngesikhathi esisodwa, esiza ukulondoloza amavithamini, amaprotheni nezinye izinto eziwusizo. Kulawo mavithamini amaningi, futhi ungabathenga eminyangweni yokudla okunempilo nama-pharmacy.

Sebenzisa imvubelo

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemvubelo zisetshenziselwa izimboni ezihlukahlukene namuhla: i-vkvasovarenii kanye nokuphuza, imboni - ikakhulukazi ebhodini, i-winemaking, ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ethile yobisi, imithi (njenge-agent yokuvimbela nokwelapha), ukupheka.

Ama-yeast aqukethe amavithamini amaningi namaprotheni aphezulu, ngakho-ke angakwazi ukufaka izitsha ezahlukahlukene, futhi ukuhlolwa kulokhu kuqhutshwa ekhulwini lesithathu leminyaka yekhulu lama-20, kepha lo mkhuba wawusakazwa kabanzi. Kukhona umbono wokuthi imvubelo ingezwa isobho se-green, fresh and sour, rassolniki, borsch, i-white iluk sauces.

Izimpawu zokwelapha zemvubelo

Ukupheka ngokwemvelo kanye nemvubelo ye-brewer ingasetshenziswa njengomuthi; futhi ngokusebenzisa kwabo, izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ezifana ne-hephephytin, enqunyelwe iziguli ezinezinkinga zesistimu zezinzwa, izinkinga zesikhumba, i-hypovitaminosis nezinkinga zemithi, zingenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwazo.

Esimweni se-liquide, imvubelo ingahle ibekwe ngumchwepheshe wezokwelapha ukuphathwa ngomlomo ukwandisa ukumunwa kwezidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesisu, amathumbu nama-pancreas, ukuthuthukisa ukuzivikela komzimba ezifweni ezihlukahlukene ezingabangelwa amagciwane nama-bacterium. Futhi imvubelo ye-liquide kule ndaba iyasiza kakhulu kunomvubelo omile. Futhi, imvubelo ingabhalwa isifo sofuba, i-enterocolitis, ukutakula ezifweni ezinzima. Ukwelashwa ngokuzimela ngokusetshenziswa kwemvubelo akuvunyelwe neze - udokotela kufanele anikeze ukwelashwa.