Kuyini ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi?
Ukuqukethwe kwamanzi okwanele kuyadingeka ekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi yayo ngokugcwele yonke iseli yomzimba. Ngakho-ke, sithola umuzwa wokungahambi kahle, ukukhathala, uma ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kungu-2% kuphela wesisindo somzimba. Futhi lapho okuqukethwe kwamanzi emzimbeni kwehla ngo-9%, lokhu kuzoholela ekubhekaneni nezinkinga zempilo ezimbi. Uyomangala, kodwa asikwazi ngisho nokuphefumula ngaphandle kwamanzi! I-air inhaled, ngaphambi kokungena emaphashini omuntu, kufanele igcwale umswakama obumnyameni.
Iziphathimandla zokuqapha zembule ukuthi okungaphezu kuka-800 ukungcola kungase kube khona emanzini okupompi. Futhi iningi labo alizuzi umzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, mayelana nokuwohloka kwemvelo okuqhubekayo, inani elingcolile elimazayo emanzini liyaqhubeka landa. Izakhiwo zokwelapha kanye nomhlabathi ongaphansi kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngeke zisakwazi ukubhekana nokuhlanzwa kwazo. Ukuze uhlanze amanzi okuphuza, kufanele usebenzise ulwazi lwesayensi namasu akhethekile.
Ziyini izingozi zokungcola emanzini?
Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokungcola kwamanzi kusuka kumpompini ingabizwa ngokuthi i-chlorine. Ukuba khona kwe-chlorine kunganqunywa ngephunga elimnandi, kodwa "elibuhlungu" elijwayelekile. Ngokumangalisayo, ukuchithwa ngesikhathi sasiza ekuhlanzeni amanzi ezigciwane eziyingozi zezifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo. Nokho, emva kwesikhathi, ukuchithwa kubangela ezinye izifo eziyingozi. Ngenxa yokusabela phakathi kweklorine nezinto eziphilayo eziqhekekile emanzini, kwakhiwa ama-trigalomethanes anobuthi. Yimbangela yokuthuthukiswa kwesifo somdlavuza nesifo senhliziyo, okuholela ekulimaleni kwesibindi kanye nezinso, kanye nokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngeshwa, i-trihalomethanes yanamuhla iba izithako ezijwayelekile zamanzi okuphuza. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi okuphuza kusuka ku-chlorine kuyimpoqo! Indlela elula ukugcina amanzi amahora amaningana. I-chlorine ehamba ngezinyawo ihamba kancane kancane emanzini. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlanzwa okuphelele, kuhlanganise ne-trihalomethanes, kufanele kusetshenziswe izihlungi ezihlukahlukene.
Izinto eziningi eziyingozi eziqhekekile emanzini ziqoqa emzimbeni wethu futhi ziholele ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezingapheli nemiphumela yesikhathi eside. Nazi ezimbili ezingaphezu kuka-800 amakhemikhali ayingozi atholakala emanzini okuphuza. Kuyinto mercury kanye ukuhola. I-Mercury iyingozi kakhulu kunoma yiziphi izinto eziphilayo. Uma i-mercury evela emanzini edolobha amanzi kufanele asuswe, khona-ke imithombo yasemzaneni kuyo ayivikelekile ngokuphelele. Ikakhulukazi enkulu yama-mercury emanzini angaphansi komhlaba ezindaweni zokulima okujulile. Abathintekayo ngamanzi, bayondla izinkomo futhi banisela umhlaba wezolimo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-mercury iqoqa inyama, imikhiqizo yobisi kanye nezitshalo. Ukugxila kwe-mercury kungenakunqunywa futhi kudlule ukulawulwa kwendle. Kodwa-ke, i-mercury ngokusebenzisa ukudla ingena emzimbeni wethu futhi iqoqa amangqamuzana. Ukushisa kwe-Mercury kubangele ukuthi kubangele izinkinga zesikhumba, okuholela ekulimazeni kwesibindi kanye nezinso, ukulahlekelwa izinyo, kubangela ukuphuma kwangaphakathi.
Esinye isisindo esinamandla esemanzini kuhola. Lesi sici samakhemikhali siyingozi kakhulu! Ukuhola kunemiphumela emibi ohlelweni oluyisisekelo senzwa nokuzala, okwenyusa ukuzwa nokuphakamisa ukucindezeleka kwegazi. Ngezinga eliphakeme lokuhlushwa, ukuhola kubangela ukubambezeleka kokukhula ezinganeni, ukwehla kwamakhono okufunda. Futhi ukulimala kwezinso nokudambisa igazi. Izingane zizwela kakhulu ukuhola.
Amanzi avela emthonjeni angumthombo wezifo
Amanzi yi-medium universal for the transmission of infections eziningi kakhulu. Ikholera - esabekayo kunazo zonke esikhathini esedlule - ngeshwa, engakabi yindawo yomlando. Lezi zifo zesifo se-Mykolayiv ne-Dagestan. Ngekholera ebubini bemiphumela kanye nobubanzi bezifo eziwumshayabhuqe esikhathini esidlule, elinye ukutheleleka kwamanzi okudala - umkhuhlane we-typhoid - wawuncintisana. Futhi nakuba izifo eziwumshayabhuqe zingasekho esikhathini sethu, ukuqubuka okuncane kwekholera kanye ne-typhus kwenzeka. Uhlu lwezinambuzane ezincane ze-pathogenic ezidluliselwa ngamanzi luqhutshwa ngamagciwane, izifo ze-brucellosis, i-salmonellosis, isifo samathumba nezinye izifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo. Lolu chungechunge lugcwaliswa ngamagciwane, okuyinto edume kakhulu yi-virus ye-hepatitis A.
Lapho kuvela ukuqubuka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi okungalungile ohlelweni lokunikezela kwamanzi akuyona njalo icala. Ngisho namanzi ahlanziwe kahle angangcoliswa kakade emipayipi, endleleni eya kuma-cranes ezindlini zethu. Okukhulu kakhulu kungenzeka ukuthi lapho, lapho amadala amapayipi amanzi agijima asondela eduze komkhumbi. Futhi futhi lapho amanzi anikezwa khona ezindlini zokuhlala. Kulokhu, lapho amanzi emipayipi ekhishwa, i-vacuum yenziwa futhi bayancela uketshezi oluvela emhlabathini owungezungezile - nakho konke okukuwo.
Ngihlobo luni lokuhlanza amanzi okuphuza okufanele ngikhethe?
Uma singeke sithembele amanzi ageleza emthonjeni, yikuphi ukuhlanza okukhethwa kukho? Ezimweni eziningi, abathengi bakhetha amanzi asemabhodleleni. Abantu ngandlela-thile bakholelwa ukuthi asikho enye indlela yokuphuma. Nokho, ukuthenga amanzi amabhodlela kuyindlela ebiza kakhulu futhi engcono kakhulu. Kuyinto engavamile ukuhudula njalo amabhodlela asindayo esitolo, okumele ususe kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi yamanzi amabhodlela incike kunembeza wabakhiqizi. Ngeshwa, kunamacala amaningi lapho izinga elimenyezelwa ngamanzi lingavumelani nekhwalithi yangempela yamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimo zamafake wamagama awaziwayo. Uma usathanda ukuthenga amanzi asebhodleleni ezitolo, imikhiqizo yokuthenga yabakhiqizi abakhelwe kahle. Ungathathi amanzi okuqala, ikakhulukazi kokudla kwezingane.
Lapho ukhetha amanzi asemabhodleleni, qiniseka ukuthi ucabangela ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali. Amanzi ase-bottled ahlukaniswe ngamanzi amaminerali, emvelo namathebula. Uma uphuza amanzi amaminerali nsuku zonke, izinto zamaminerali zingakwazi ukuqoqa ngokweqile. Futhi-ke, kuyingozi kakhulu empilweni yakho. Isibonelo, i-sodium - iphakamisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi. I-calcium, uma itholakele ngokweqile ngamanzi amaminerali, ingasiza ekwakhiweni kwamatshe ezinso. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, ikhwalithi yamanzi okuphuza ngokwemvelo ixhomeke kwikhwalithi yesistimu yokusatshalaliswa kwamanzi kanye nemishini, ukuchithwa kwe-disinfection nokugcwalisa ubuchwepheshe. Futhi, eqinisweni, ngekhwalithi yomthombo ngokwawo. Ngokuvamile amanzi asetafuleni abakhiqizi abaningi ngamanzi amathompi alula, ahlanzeke kuphela ku-chlorine.
Kukhona umbono phakathi kwabantu ukuthi amanzi ahlanza isiliva kahle. Akusikho ukusika okungenalutho okumbozwe ngesiliva negolide. Ososayensi ngakolunye uhlangothi baqinisekisa izindawo eziwusizo zesiliva. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungasincoma ukuhlukumeza le ndlela yokuhlanza amanzi okuphuza kusuka kumpompi. Okokuqala, isiliva alihlanzeli amanzi, likhubaza kuphela. Ukuqeda amabhaktheriya namagciwane, awuvikelekile ekungcoleni okungcolile. Umqondo wokuvikela wamanga udalwa. Okwesibili, ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle, indawo yomkhiqizo wesiliva kufanele ibe mkhulu kakhulu. Okwesithathu, odokotela abaqiniseki ngezinzuzo zamanzi esiliva-oxidized. Kukhona ukuphikisana kwezifo ezithile.
Uhlobo oluhle kunazo zonke lokuhlanzwa kwamanzi okupompoza amanzi okuphuza. Ulawula inqubo ngokwakho futhi ungaqiniseka ukuthi amanzi ahlanzekile ngempela. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthatha indlela eqondile ekukhetheni isihlungi sokuhlanzwa kwamanzi. Akekho ongasindisa ngekhwalithi! Izihlungi ezingabizi ziphinde zihlanze amanzi. Kodwa uma ungashintshi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzothola ukungcola okulimazayo kokuningi okuphindwe kabili. Khetha uhlelo lokuhlanza lwamanzi amaningi ebiza kakhulu nge-osmosis ehlane. Isebenza kanjani? Okokuqala, amanzi ompompi adlula ngesihlungi esithathu ngaphambi kokuhlunga, ukususa isilwane, ukugqwala, izinhlayiya zenhlabathi, izinhlayiya ze-colloidal. Kanti futhi i-chlorine, ukungcola okunye kanye nezinto ezithinta ukunambitheka kwamanzi. Khona-ke amanzi ahlungwa ezingeni le-molecular ngokwemigomo ye-reverse osmosis. Amakhemikhali, ama-trihalomethanes, izinsimbi ezinzima, amakhemikhali, ukungcola okungcolile, amakhulu eminye izinto ezingcolile zamanzi zisuswa futhi zihlanjwe. Isihlungi esiphezulu sinikeza amaphesenti angama-100 ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi kusuka kubhaktheriya namagciwane. Kuze kube manje, i-osmosis eguquguqukayo iyinkimbinkimbi yesimanje yokuthembela kwamanzi.
Ngemuva kwazo zonke lezi zinguquko ezimangalisayo, amanzi ahlanzekile kufanele abe nokunambitheka okuqabulayo, okuvame ukufaniswa nokunambitheka kwamanzi kusukela entwasahlobo noma emfuleni ophakeme. Ngeke kube khona amanzi - ngeke kube khona ukuphila emhlabeni. Kuyoba khona isikhala esingenalutho, esibanda. Emandleni ethu ukulondoloza lesi simangaliso emangalisweni, ukuvikela ekushaqweni kwezemvelo njalo, ukungcola. Phuza kaningi amanzi ahlanzekile. Odokotela bayeluleka okungenani kuka-2.5 amalitha kagesi ngosuku. Futhi uzobe uphilile futhi ujabule!