Bakhokhisa umzimba wengane ngokushesha nje lapho izalwa. Futhi lokhu, njengombuso, ukuhlala ndawonye ngokuthula. Ingane kanye nezinsizakalo zayo azihlali nje ngokuvumelana, zithola inzuzo enkulu kulokhu. Amakhambi athola izakhi ezibalulekile kubo futhi engadingekile kumntwana, ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo akhiqiza izinamba eziningi ze-enzyme ezisiza ingane ukuba igaye ukudla. Ama-bacteria alawula ukumuncwa emathunjini emathumbu we-bile acids, amanye ama-hormone kanye ne-cholesterol, ahlanganyele ekulawulweni komzimba wamanzi usawoti. Ukwengeza, izinto eziningi ezibalulekile kumntwana zinikezwa: amavithamini, izici zokulwa ne-antibacterial, ama-hormone. "I-microbes" yayo inganciphisa izidakamizwa ze-pathogenic, i-toxins ehlukahlukene, futhi isebenze njengemithombo yamandla. Inendima ebaluleke kakhulu lezi zinyunyana zidlala ekubunjweni nasekugcinweni kokusebenza kahle kwegciwane, ukulwa nezifo ezingekho emthethweni. Indlela yokwelapha i-dysbacteriosis entsheni futhi yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zesifo - konke lokhu kulesi sihloko.
I-microflora yakha kanjani?
Esikilinikweni sikamama, ingane ayiwamukeli noma yikuphi ama-microbes - lokhu kunakekelwa yi-placenta namambrane amniotic. Ngakho-ke, amathumbu nazo zonke ezinye izitho zengane ziyinyumba. Uma udlula emgodini wokuzalwa, umntwana uxhumana nezinambuzane ezihlala kuzo. Ngokuvame ukuthi bayasakaza isikhumba, amehlo nomlomo wengane, futhi ngomkhonto, umama udlulisela ama-antibodies kule microflora. Ngakho-ke, ingane isivele isilungele ukuxhumana nama-microorganisms okuqala empilweni yakhe - isimiso sakhe somzimba samasosha omzimba sikwazi ngokugcwele ukulawula imisebenzi yabo ebalulekile. Isinyathelo esibalulekile esilandelayo ekuthuthukiseni i-microflora yomzimba yisicelo sokuqala esifubeni. Udinga ukwenza lokhu emahoreni wokuqala kokubonakala komntwana. Futhi yingakho. Ama-microorganisms afika ku-colostrum, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngobisi oluvela kumama wabo, angene esiswini lapho ingxenye igajwa khona, kodwa ngenxa yemisebenzi encane ye-hydrochloric acid, inani elithile lingena emathunjini amakhulu, lapho liphindwa khona. Ngakho-ke, ekupheleni kwesonto lokuqala lokuphila, izimpumputhe emathunjini akhe zingathola cishe izinhlobo ezingu-10-15 zama-microorganisms. Lapho ukoloni lwamathumbu, ahlale ehola "umzabalazo wokuncintisana" phakathi kwabo. Lokhu kubhaliswa okwesikhashana okungahleliwe kokubunjwa kwe-microflora - okuthiwa i-dysbacteriosis yemvelo, enganeni enempilo ihlala emasontweni 3-4 kuya ku-4, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinyanga ezingu-5-6. Kodwa isimo esinjalo sijwayelekile, asidingi ukulungiswa.
Fashion for dysbiosis
Kodwa yini i-dysbiosis? Lesi yisimo somzimba wengane, lapho isifo se-pathogenic senzeke endaweni yesimo semvelo esincane evamile. Isiqalo sisho ukuthi "kukhona okungalungile". Uma uhumusha igama elithi verbatim - yizinguquko ezithile kwi-microflora, ukuphambuka okuvela kumanani ajwayelekile, kodwa lokhu akusiyo ngempela isifo noma ukugula. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ukuxilongwa "kwe-dysbiosis" kuvezwa kaningi njengoba kutholakala "i-ARD." Nakuba i-ICD-10 (ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo eziyinhloko, okufanele kuqondise bonke odokotela bomhlaba), akukho ukuxilongwa okunjalo nhlobo. Ngomqondo wokuthi "i-dysbiosis", uma kuphela emathunjini, kukhona ukukhula okuncane kakhulu kwamathumbu emathunjini amancane nokuguquka kokubunjwa kwe-microbial koloni. Ukuphulwa okunjalo kwenzeka kuzo zonke izingane ezinezifo zesifuba, ukuqothulwa, isifo sohudo kanye nezinye izinkinga zesimiso sokugaya ukudla. Ngakho-ke, i-dysbacteriosis ingabhekwa njengezibonakaliso zezinkinga, kodwa hhayi njengefomu elizimele lezemvelo. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuphatha hhayi i-dysbiosis, kodwa ukwephulwa okubangele. Uma inkinga ixazululwa, ngeke kube khona i-dysbiosis! Kodwa uyabuza - kodwa kuthiwani ngezinkinga zesitoreji, ukuhlukana okuhlukahlukene kanye nezinye izibonakaliso? Ingabe nazo zinezinguquko ekuhlaziyweni kocingo? Yiqiniso, kodwa ukushintsha indawo ye-microbial kungenxa yezinkinga emzimbeni, kodwa hhayi imbangela yabo. Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi ibhalansi yemvelo ye-microflora liphazamiseka. Kunezizathu eziningi eziholela ekuhlulekeni okunjalo: noma yisiphi isifo (ngisho noma kubanda), ngoba konke kuhlangene emzimbeni, i-hypothermia, ukushisa, ukudla okungalungile ngisho nosuku olugcwele imizwelo. Konke lokhu kuholela ekuguqulweni kwenani lemvelo le-microflora emzimbeni. Ezinganeni ezinempilo emzimbeni, ukuphazamiseka okunjalo kuphelile kakhulu. Isimo sokuqala se-microflora sizobuyiselwa emahoreni ambalwa, esiphezulu ngosuku, uma ususa isici esicasulayo noma esilimazayo.
Ibonakala kanjani
I-Dysbiosis ayiyona isifo, kodwa enye yezinto ezibonakalayo zinkimbinkimbi yokuzivikela komzimba, futhi ibangelwa izimbangela ezihlukahlukene. Ukwakhiwa kwe-microflora emathunjini kumathumbu kulawulwa yisimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komntwana. Izinguquko eziqhubekayo ekubunjweni kwemifino yamathumbu zihlale zivela ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwamathambo ezimphenduleni zomzimba. Khona-ke umzimba uhlushwa yi-microflora yayo evamile futhi uyayisusa ngokuqinile. Ngakho-ke, ukuzama ukulungisa amathumbu we-cola ngesitshalo esivamile samathumbu emathunjini ngosizo lwamalungiselelo amabhaktheriya kuphela anikeze impumelelo yesikhashana, futhi akuvamile kakhulu. Kungaba isifiso ukuphawula, ukuthi i-dysbacteriosis ekudleni kwe-thoracal ayikwenzeka. Uma umntwana edla ubisi lomama, futhi izinkinga zamathumbu zisuka, zingase zibe yi-allergies, noma ukuntuleka kwe-lactase, noma ukungafihleki kokusebenza okuhlobene nobudala (intombazane colic). Uma isazi sithi inkinga yengane yabantwana ibangelwa i-dysbacteriosis, kungcono ukubonisana nomunye ochwepheshe.
Yini engaphathwa?
Lapho enquma ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukulungiswa kwe-dysbiosis, udokotela kufanele aqondiswe isimo sesiguli. Uma izivivinyo zihlukana nemikhuba, futhi izikhalazo kulokhu ingane ingabhekwa, lokhu kuyindlela evamile emincintiswaneni yakho. Isimiso siningi, futhi ukwehluka kwezingane ezahlukene ngezinye izikhathi kungabonakala kuphawulekayo, kodwa lokhu akusona isizathu sokuthatha izinyathelo zokwelapha. Ezimweni zokuphazamiseka kwe-stool kwengane, zonke izifo ezingenzeka kufanele zikhishwe kuqala, futhi ngemva kokuphela, imbangela yokugcina i-dysbiosis.
Indlela yokuphatha ngayo
Uma i-dysbacteriosis isatholakala, lungiselela ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside nokuningi. Ngokudabukisayo, izidakamizwa zokuqala ze-dysbacteriosis ziyi-antibiotics. Ukuze ukhiqize amathumbu nge-flora ewusizo, kufanele uqale ukubhubhisa lokho okukhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kuyotuswa ukuba isebenzise ama-bacteriophages ahlukene - izinto ezinamathiselwe kwamabhaktheriya athile emathunjini futhi azibhubhise. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungiselelo akhethekile we-probiotic aqukethe ama-bacterial "amalungiselelo aphilayo" asetshenziswe, lapho "amabhaktheriya" amabi ahlala khona. Bakhethwe ngabanye. Isigaba sesibili ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-microbi "okubi" kuyindlela yokulungisa "okuhle". Lapha le nkambo yinde kakhulu: okokuqala iqala ngo-7-10-day course of prebiotics - izidakamizwa ezakha imvelo enhle ekukhanyeni kwamathumbu nokusiza ukuhlala ezincutsheni ezifanele. Emva kwalokhu, ukwamukela ama-probiotics - amalungiselelo aqukethe ama-microflora asemathunjini aqalayo. Ngokuvamile, ngokufana nama-pre-and probiotics, amalungiselelo e-enzyme, ama-sorbents namanye aqondiswayo, okungukuthi, isifo esiyisisekelo siyaphathwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela uzoqoka ukudla okukhethekile kumntwana, ahlotshwe ngemikhiqizo enomphumela omuhle kwi-microflora - ngokuvamile lokhu kuyimikhiqizo yobisi obumuncu nokudla okunezici ezinama-pectin ne-fiber.
Mayelana nezinzuzo zobisi lwebele
Ubisi lwebele luwumkhiqizo oyingqayizivele owenza umphakathi ophilile wezinambuzane emathunjini. Ama-crumbs, ukuncelisa, kanye "nokufakelwa" kunomumo ohlukile we-microflora. I-bifidobacteria ezinsaneni zivimbela kakhulu ukukhula kwamagciwane amakhulu, ukugcina ukwakheka kwazo ezingeni eliphansi. Inombolo ye-lactobacilli inkulu "ekufakweni", kodwa inebhaktheriya engaphezulu engakwazi ukukhiqiza ubuthi lwe-intestinal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "ukufakelwa" akunakuthola engxenyeni ye-immunoglobulin A (iqukethe kuphela ubisi lwebele), futhi eyakhe ayengakakhiwa, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamandla omzimba okuvikela.
Kungani kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isifuba ekuqaleni?
Namathisela umntwana esifubeni ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30 yokuqala emva kokuzalwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-crumb ingathola i-microflora efanele. Ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi ubisi lwebele lomama ngesonto lokuqala emva kokubeletha luqukethe i-bifidobacteria, i-lactobacilli, i-enterococci nezinye ezinye izinambuzane eziwusizo emathunjini omntwana. Uma isicelo sokuqala sihlehlisiwe isikhathi esingamahora angu-12 kuya kwangu-24 ngemuva kokuzalwa, khona-ke isigamu sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa sizoba nesitshalo esidingekayo se-lactic, uma lokhu kwenziwa ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi, ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yesine yezingane izokolisa kahle amabhaktheriya.