Indlela yokusebenzisa izilonda zokwelapha

Naphezu kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, izilonda ezivamile zisasetshenziswa emithi. Isibonelo, zisetshenziselwa ukubuyisela ukujikeleza kwegazi ngemva kokusebenza okuphuthumayo. Ukubuyiselwa kwamahlaya epulasitiki we-classic nokuhlinzwa kabusha kwakungenxa yokuqhubekela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe ekwenzeni i-microsurgery. Njengoba odokotela abahlinzayo abaningi beqaphela indlela yokubuyisela izindlebe, izinyosi, iminwe nezinye izingxenye zomzimba ezilahlekile, isithiyo esiyinhloko ekuphumeleleni kwale misebenzi yinkinga yokubuyisela ukujikeleza kwegazi. Indlela yokusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zokwelapha yisihloko salesi sihloko.

Ukubuyiswa kwemithambo yegazi

Ngokuvamile, udokotela ohlinzayo angabuyisa imithi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu enezindonga ezinomsoco, okuvumela igazi ukuba ligijimele ezicukwaneni. Kodwa-ke, imifino inezindonga ezincane, okulukhuni kakhulu ukusebenza ngazo. Njengomthetho, udokotela ohlinzayo uyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngegazi engxenyeni yomzimba, kodwa kaningi akakwazi ukunikeza ukuphuma okwanele kwe-venous. Ngenxa yalokho, ingxenye eyakhiwe kabusha yomzimba ngenxa yokuxubana kwe-venous ibanda futhi i-cyanotic - futhi kunengozi enkulu yokulahleka kwayo. Amahlumela asiza ukuqinisekisa ukuphuma kwegazi ngenxa yokuthi livimbela ukugcoba kwalo. Ama-leeches asetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukuhlanganiswa okwezinyosi kwezinsuku ezilodwa noma ezimbili emva kokuhlanganiswa kwesikhumba noma ukutshala kabusha ingxenye yomzimba. Izinzuzo zokuzisebenzisa ziwusizo ngoba indawo yokuluma i-leech yegazi iphakathi kwamahora angu-10. Ayikho umkhiqizo wezokwelapha okwazi ukuhlinzeka ngaleyo ndlela ephaphaza isikhathi eside kusuka kwilonda lokungena. Ama-leeches enza umsebenzi kalula.

Isicelo sezinhlanzi

Odokotela abahlinzayo banikeza izilonda ezilodwa noma ezimbili ukuncelisa endaweni ye-flap ngegazi elingakahleleki futhi ziwashiye aze agcwaliswe (cishe imizuzu engama-30). Ngemuva kokuba ama-leeches ashabalale, ukuphuma kancane kancane endaweni yokuluma kuqhubeka isikhathi eside. Inikeza ukujikeleza okufakelwayo, okwenza ngokushesha isimo sesiguli. Igazi elisha lingena ku-flap ngokusebenzisa imishanguzo, kodwa manje linendlela yokuphuma evela endaweni ethintekile. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine i-flap noma ingxenye ephikisiwe yomzimba iphile kuze kube yilapho umzimba uvuselela ukuxhumana kwawo okubuhlungu. Ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-3-5. Uma kunesidingo, ama-leeches atshalwe kabusha cishe njalo emahoreni angu-8 noma uma ukuphuma kwamakhaza okudlulile sekuphela. Umphumela wokusebenzisa i-leeches iyamangalisa. Iphunga elibandayo neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka liyafudumala futhi liluhlaza emaminithini ambalwa nje. Isilinganiso sokuphumelela esiqinisekisiwe singaphezu kuka-90%. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lokhu, okokuqala, ukunikezwa kwegazi okwanele kufanele kuhlinzekwe. Ngokuntuleka komzimba, izikhumba azizisi. Kulezi zimo, i-flap iyakwazi ukutheleleka (kufaka hlangana nezikhwama ngokwazo). Ama-leeches asetshenziselwa ukukhulula izimpawu ezibuhlungu noma ezingathandeki ku-edema ezihlobene namanye amagciwane. Isibonelo, ezimweni lapho isiguli singavuli amehlo akhe ngenxa ye-edema noma i-scrotum ikhuliswa kabi. I-leech inezinsalela zombili zomphefumulo womzimba. I-sucker posterior isebenza kuphela okunamathiselwe, kanti i-anterior eyodwa ijikeleza umlomo. Ngenkathi kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-650 zezilonda emhlabeni, kuphela ezimbalwa zazo eziguquguqukayo ukuze zihlasele izidalwa ezincelisayo. Kuhlinzwa okwamanje, i-European medical leech Hirudo imithi yokwelapha isetshenziswa.

Indlela Yokudla KwamaLeeches

I-leech yezokwelapha ifakwe kahle ekudleni igazi lezilwane ezincelisayo. Inezinhlanzi ezintathu ezihambayo, umkhawulo ngamunye ophethe amazinyo angama-100 abukhali. Uma ukondla umhlathi ugaye esikhunjeni somuntu oyisisulu ngenkathi phakathi kwamazinyo uphuma ngaphandle kwamanye amazinyo. Ngamanye amazwi, amahlombe asebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo njenge-saw, okwenza isilonda sinezingxenye ezintathu eziguquguqukayo ngesikhathi esisodwa. I-saliva yama-leeches iqukethe isethi yonke yezinto ezisebenzayo ze-pharmacologically, ezinye zazo eziye zahlukaniswa futhi zifundwa kahle manje. Okuhle kunazo zonke i-anticoagulant hirudin enamandla, i-inhibitor ye-thrombin (i-enzyme ehilelekile ekwenzeni i-blood coagulation). UHirudin okwamanje ukhiqizwa ngosizo lobuchwepheshe bezakhi zofuzo futhi isetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ekwelapheni kwe-vein thrombosis ejulile.

Isikhathi sokuphuza

Kodwa-ke, izivivinyo zibonise ukuthi okungewona u-hirudin unesibopho sobude obuhlukile bokuphuma kwegazi okwenzeka ngenxa yokulunywa kwe-leech. Lesi sitshalo sageza esilonda emaminithini angu-15, emva kwalokho igazi kufanele lihlungwe. Naphezu kwalokhu, ukuphuma kwegazi kuqhubeka amahora angu-10. Ngokusobala, ngesikhathi ukhetho lwemvelo lwamahlumela lwakha izindlela ezisebenzayo. Ujoyina i-collagen, engenye yezinto ezinamandla kakhulu zokugaya igazi, futhi ivimbela ikhono layo lokuqala inqubo ye-thrombosis. Igazi egazini kuzo zonke ezinye izici livamile futhi likwazi ukugcoba. Ngokujoyina ku-collagen emaphethelweni enxeba, i-caleline ayihlanzi kuyo, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulisa umphumela wamahora amaningi. Izwe lidinga uketshezi lwe-microsurgery likhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi lihloselwe ngokukhethekile kule njongo emapulazini akhethekile, lapho ixhapha igazi legundane ngekhanda. Abantu abadala abadala abagcotshwe bahlelwa ukukhiqiza emasethini ahlanganiswe nama-moss amanzi. Ngesikhathi sokubeka amaqanda, i-leech inika imfihlo encane ngendlela ye-cocoon engxenyeni ephakathi yomzimba. Le cocoon igxila phezu kwekhanda, i-cocoon ngayinye ihlukaniswe ibe ngamaseli angaba ngu-15, ngalinye eliqukethe i-leech encane. Ekudleni ngakunye, i-leech ethuthukayo ikhula cishe izikhathi ezingu-5 ngobukhulu bomzimba. Ngemva kokusondeza okungu-5 i-leech ifinyelela ubude bamamitha angu-7 futhi isilungele ukusetshenziswa ngezinhloso zomtholampilo.