Ama-Raspberries anendawo ekhethekile phakathi kwezitshalo ze-berry, ngoba akuyona nje isiphuzo esiphundu, kodwa futhi nesisombululo esihle kakhulu kwezifo eziningi. Kodwa kanjani ngokufanele ukutshala nokunakekela ama-raspberries, ukuze ulethe isivuno esihle?
Ungatshala ama-raspberries ekwindla, entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshala isivuno bese uqothula izitshalo ezitshaliwe.
Ngaphandle kokusajingijolo kokutshala indlela
Ungahlwanyela ama-raspberries emathangeni kanye nemigodi. Kungcono ukukhetha umsele, nakuba lokhu kunzima kakhulu, kodwa ngakho yonke inhlabathi inikezwa izakhi, kanti isivuno singcono.
Kunconywa ukulungisa amathanga ngezinsuku ezingu-20-25 ngaphambi kokufika kwabantu abadala.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo zokusajingijolo izithombo, kufanelekile ukususa ukhula olumilayo oluvela emhlabathini. Imigqa izohlonywa iphindwe. Ukunciphisa inani lokhula, singawafaka ngento ethile, isibonelo, i-linoleum.
Isayithi owabelisele ama-raspberries, udinga ukusabalalisa i-picnic. Khona-ke, ngentambo, kubalulekile ukumba umgogodla wamasentimitha angu-50 ububanzi obungu-40 cm. Futhi ngaleyo ndlela ugobe izintambo ezimbalwa kulo lonke isigaba esihleliwe.
Ngaphansi komsele, kuyadingeka ukwengeza umquba obolile noma umquba, ungqimba kufanele ube ngu-10 cm, futhi umanyolo wamaminerali kusuka ku-superphosphate kabili kufanele uthululwe phezulu. Isendlalelo sesithathu kufanele sibe yi-biohumus, ngakho konke onakho.
Uma izwe onalo futhi livundile, khona-ke ngeke ukwazi ukwenza lutho.
Uma utshala izithombo, ungenza ngaphandle komlotha. Kodwa okuningi kakhulu akufanelekile ukufaka, ngoba i-mamma ikhula kahle emhlabathini obuthakathaka futhi ongathathi hlangothi. I-Ash yenza amajikijolo abe mnandi kakhulu, ungasebenzisa umlotha futhi emva kokuvunwa phezu kwenhlabathi.
Akunakwenzeka angeke akwazi ukusebenzisa umanyolo we-nitrogen, ayingozi kumuthi.
Izidingo zokusajingijolo zendawo nendawo
Ama-Raspberries angakhula hhayi endaweni enelanga, kodwa izithelo ziyoba zimbi. Amahlumela azofinyelela ilanga. Ebusika, amaqabunga amahlumela azofa kusukela ekuphakameni, ngakho entwasahlobo uzowasusa konke okufanayo.
UMalina udinga ukunikezwa indawo ekhanyayo, lapho kungabikho ukubandayo, imimoya yasenyakatho. Ukusajingijolo kuyakuthanda umhlabathi lapho kugcinwa khona umswakama futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuvundiwe umhlabathi ovuthiwe, ovuthiwe futhi olula. Ungahlwanyela ama-raspberries on sandy loam kanye nomhlabathi onesihlabathi, kodwa njalo unyaka wonke udinga ukutshala futhi uhlale unamanzi.
Ngokuvamile, lesi sitshalo sithinteka okungenani u-1.8 m eceleni futhi kude no-0.7m komunye nomunye, uma nje kukhona izithombo ezimbili emgodini.
Kungcono ukuwabeka ebangeni elingama-30 cm komunye nomunye, ngoba zonke izithombo azihlali zijwayele.
Uma kungcono ukutshala okulimazayo
Ukuze utshale inzalo eluhlaza okusajingijolo, udinga ukulinda kuze kube yi-15-20cm ukuphakama. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka uma isimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo, ngoMeyi-Juni. Ngenkathi inzalo ingajwayele, udinga ukuwasebenzisa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma inzalo yakho iphakeme kunabo, khona-ke udinga ukuwasika ebude bomzimba. Ngoba kuphela impande kubalulekile ukutshala. Zibambe kuphela uma ngaphansi komhlaba kukhona izimpande ezimhlophe kakade, ezikhula ngokukhulayo.
Izithombo ozikhulayo ezitsheni zingcono kakhulu ezitshalwe ehlobo. Ngakho bayothola kahle futhi bagxilwe kuze kube sebusika.
Uma utshala izithombo entwasahlobo, khona-ke kuzothatha isikhathi eside, ngoba kuzoba namaqabunga amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuwasika ngezansi.
Ungesabi ukwenza izihlahla, ama-raspberries ama-shrub, umhlanga owodwa onenkathi eyodwa kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ukugoba kunomphumela omuhle endleleni ama-raspberries azojwayele ngayo.
Ekwindla kuyadingeka ukutshala isitshalo uma sesivuthiwe kakade. Lokhu uzoyiqonda ngensipho impande - lapho ungabona izinso.
Ukugcina ubusika okusajingijolo
Ekupheleni kwekwindla raspberries kungcono hhayi ukuba itshalwe, ngeke kube nesikhathi ukuthatha izimpande. Kungcono ukugcina izithombo bese uzitshala entwasahlobo. Ukuze uzigcine, udinga ukubeka isiko esikhwameni se-polyethylene nge-sawdust emanzi bese uyishiya.
Into eyinhloko ukuthi isitshalo kufanele sibe nezimpande eziphilayo zombala obomvu okhanyayo, ngakho-ke kuzophumelela ngempumelelo ngaphezulu.
Gcina isikhwama se-raspberries egumbini elingaphansi noma emiphongolweni - endaweni ebandayo. Ukushisa akufanele kube ngaphezulu kuka-4 degrees futhi kungenjalo kufanele kube namanzi esikhwameni, ngakho-ke ama-raspberry ayithathi.
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo nama-raspberry plantation
Ukuze kusetshenziswe okusajingijolo, khetha izithombo nge amahlumela obukhulu obuphakathi, ngisho nesitshalo se-thinnest singcono kakhulu kune-stalk ebanzi. Ngakho-ke, zithande iziqu ezincane ngezimpande ezinhle futhi 1-3 iziqu ezingenasici, ezivele zikhula. Akudingekile ukuba uchithe abakhiqizi abaningi bezemali ngokutshala amahlumela amaningi.
Ngesikhathi uletha izithombo ekhaya, kubalulekile ukumboza uhlelo oluyisipesheli ngotshani omanzi noma i-rag, futhi ekhaya ngendlela ephuthumayo yokubamba. Ngeke ube nezimpande eside emoyeni ovulekile.
Uma ugcina izinto zokutshala ezinomsoco ezinamaphaketheni e-polyethylene isikhathi eside, kuzodala izinga lezitshalo, ngoba izimpande zabalimi zibola futhi ziba nsundu emanzini.
Ngaphambi kokutshala isitshalo, kungcono ukucwilisa izimpande ze-mullein ngobumba kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo (ama-rootstones, i-phosphorobacterins, i-heteroauxin, i-humates nezinye).
Izitshalo kumele zibe ngaphandle kwamaqabunga, zidinga ukunqunywa. Amahlumela okusajingijolo akufanele abe ngaphezu kuka-35 cm.
Izimpande zidinga ukunciphisa emfuleni futhi zihlanganiswe nenhlabathi evundile. Izithombo zidinga ukuzanyiswa kancane, ukuze umhlaba uwe phakathi kwezimpande bese ucindezela ngokumelene nawo.
Uma utshala, qiniseka ukuthi ubukela ukujula. Akudingekile ukutshala iziqu ngokujulile, ukukhula kuzokhula kancane noma kufe. Futhi, akufanele avumele ukutshala okuncane, ngakho-ke izimpande zingomile, ezigcwalisa sonke isitshalo ngomswakama, futhi ebusika ama-raspberry angabisa.
Emva kokutshala izithombo bese inhlabathi ihlala phansi, qinisekisa ukuthi intambo yokusajingijolo yomsongo isezansi yomhlabathi.
Uma ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukutshala ama-raspberries, izimvula ezinamandla zadlula futhi inhlabathi yaba manzi kakhulu, khona-ke isitshalo akufanele siphuze. Vumelanisa umhlaba ngokuzungezile izithombo.
Ngokushesha kuzungeze ama-raspberries udinga ukufafaza umquba omuhle kakhulu, umquba wezinkuni noma i-peat. Uzogcina umswakama ngokuphelele emhlabathini, ngeke uguquke, ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlabathi izohlala ishaqeka futhi ifakwe amandla.
Autumn okusajingijolo plantation indawo yokuhlala
Manje kubalulekile ukuqaphela umzuzu obaluleke kunazo zonke lapho utshala amathuna. Lesi sitshalo sizobe sesiqine kahle kuphela uma inhlabathi ingenamanzi kakhulu, futhi izimpande ezavela ekwindla ngeke zifakwe. Ungaqiniseka kanjani ukuthi abafayo? Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kuyadingeka, ngezimkhuhlane zokuqala, ukumboza izimpande zokusajingijolo ngamaqabunga awile ezihlahleni. Ungakha isakhiwo esinjalo ukuze ukwazi ukumboza ama-raspberries nge-polyethylene, ngakho-ke ku-greenhouse. Ngakho uzokwakha indawo yokuhlala emoyeni eyomile yama-raspberries. Labo bantu abakhula izitshalo ezincane engadini, bangakwazi ukuyikhokhela. Kungenzeka ekupheleni kwebusika noma kakade entwasahlobo ukususa i-cloth oil.
Uma ufuna ukutshala izithombo eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuvumelana nomthengisi ukuzithenga ehlobo ezitsheni, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi usungula noma yini ukumboza isitshalo ebusika.
Ithebhujissi ithebhu
Ngonyaka wokuqala njengoba ubeka isitshalo sama raspberries, ukuhlaselwa njalo. Shiya okusajingijolo kulo mbuso akufanelekile, ngisho noma izithombo ezimbalwa zaphela. Yingakho kuzuzisa ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala ehlobo ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwemifino yakho, ukuze ususe lezo zitshalo ezingazange zithande izimpande, futhi ekwindla ungatshala izithombo ezintsha kule ndawo.
Uma une-raspberry ne-lunge encane yayincane, awukwazi ukulinda kuze kufike ekwindla nokutshala ama-raspberries enenzalo eluhlaza ehlobo.
Entwasahlobo, lapho ama-raspberries efakwa khona futhi izinhlanga ezintsha zivela, kubalulekile ukusika isitshalo esidala futhi kuvimbele ukuhluma okusha. Uma wenqaba amajikijolo ngonyaka wokuqala, izithombo ziyohloma kahle futhi amahlumela amasha azokhula iminyaka ezayo.
Uma okusajingijolo usitshala ezweni elihle elivundile, ngakho-ke ngonyaka wokuqala u-raspberries awukwazi ukukhulelwa futhi ungadli.
Ngaphezu kwalendlela yendabuko yokutshala ama-raspberries, kukhona futhi "indlela yemvelo" - ama-raspberries asetshalwe ngezinkuni. Lokhu kunenzuzo kakhulu kumgadi wensimu futhi kuzuzisa isitshalo.