Ingabe ufuna ukujabulisa wena nezihlobo zakho ngemifino enhle emnandi nje engadini? Qaphela ukukhula kwabo engadini yakho! Kodwa, njengoba kuyaziwa, ukuze kuqoqwe isivuno esihle ehlobo nasekwindla, kubalulekile ukusebenza ensimini unyaka wonke. Yini okumelwe yenziwe ebusika, entwasahlobo, ezinyangeni zasehlobo nasekwindla?
Ubusika: ukulungiselela isikhathi esizayo
Ekuqaleni konyaka, kufanelekile ukugcwalisa amasheya ama-agrochemicals kanye nokulungiselela imbewu yokuhlwanyela. Imbewu kudingeka ihlungwe ngokugcina nesayizi, i-disinfected. Uma ungazi ukuthi ngabe zihluma, kufanelekile ukuhlola.
Uma ukhetha ukuxuba esitolo izithombo, khumbula ukuthi okuhamba phambili nokubiza kakhulu kuyinhlanganisela ye-peat ne-perlite. Uma kubiza, ungalungisa umhlaba omnyama, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona ingxube engu-50%. Futhi udinga ukuthenga iziqukathi zokutshala izithombo: lezi zingaba izinkomishi, amaphilisi, amakhasethi. Konke lokhu kuzodinga ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi.
Spring: ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini nokusebenza izithombo
Imibhede yaseJardin kufanele ilungiselelwe kakade ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngokuvamile ngo-March, izinga lokushisa liguquguquka ngaphezu kwemikhawulo emikhulu phakathi nobusuku nemini. Emini, ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga lehlobo, iqhwa liyancibilika ngokushesha, futhi ebusuku, lapho iqhwa libamba, izindawo ezincibilikile ziyashisa. Ukuze ususe iqhwa kusuka emibhedeni? ungahlakaza umlotha kulo noma ukumboze ngefilimu.
Izitshalo ezinjengeqhwa njengamaqathi, anyanisi, i-parsley, i-dill - zihlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kweqhwa. Ungaphuzi ngokuhlwanyela, ikakhulukazi uma kunezinhlanzi.
Ukuhlwanyela izaqathe, khumbula ukuthi lesi siko singahlukahluka ngokwemigomo. Ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi, hlwayela izinhlobo zakuqala neziphuzile. Owokuqala uzohamba ukukhiqizwa kwefeya, futhi okwesibili - ukusetshenziswa kuka-Agasti nasekwindla. Ukuhlwanyela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kwezinhlobo zokuvuthwa okuphelile kuhloswe ukugcina isikhathi eside. Uma ungenayo amakhono okwanela okusanhlamvu, bheka imbewu ephepheni, lapho ubukhulu obudingekayo busuvele bubekwe khona.
Ama-beet bebheyi ahlwanyelwa izinsuku ezingu-10-12 emva kwezaqathe, u-anyanisi kanye ne-dill ne-parsley. Uma unquma ukuhlwanyela ngesikhathi esisodwa njengamanye amasiko, khona-ke kuzokhula kangcono futhi ngokushesha ngaphansi kokukhosela, kodwa akudingekile.
Isaladi nesipinashi nakho kungatshalwa, nje lapho iqhwa liwa. Kutshalwa ngaphansi koqweqwe, bayonikeza imikhiqizo yangaphambilini, kodwa kukhona ubuqili obulodwa. Ngokuvamile ukhula lukhula ngokushesha ngokulondeka ngaphansi kwendawo yokuhlala. Ngakho khetha izindawo ezihlanzekile kuzo noma umboze indawo yokuhlwanyela nge-agrofiber emnyama, okwenza kuyo imithombo yezinhlamvu.
Ungaqala ukutshala izithombo zika utamatisi, ama-aubergines kanye ne-pepper kakade ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kodwa kufanelekile ukucabangela isikhathi seqhwa lokugcina (uMeyi 25). Uma isitshalo senziwa ngaphambi kukaMashi 20, i-rootlets yezitshalo izoqala ukuphuma ezimbizeni kakade kumaholide kaMeyi. Uma ungenalo i-greenhouse, ukuhlwanyela kwenzeka emva kuka-Mashi 20 ukutshala izitshalo endaweni evulekile emva kukaMeyi 25.
Ukuze uthole izithombo, gcwalisa amakhasethi ngokuxuba kwenhlabathi futhi ugijime imbewu ku-2 cm ejulile - eyodwa ngeseli ngayinye. Uma kuhluma kwenzeka njalo izinsuku ezingu-2-3, ujikeleze wona 90 ° ukuze isithombo singaqhubeki ekukhanyeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokushisa kufanele linciphise + ku-16-18 ° C, ukuze isitshalo se-subcampus singasabeli. Mayelana nokubukeka kweqabunga le-1-2-n "langempela", ukufakelwa amahlumela abe yizimpophoma ze-peat-humus ngevolumu ye-0.5 amalitha, ukulahla izicucu ezibuthakathaka nezingaphili kahle.
Uma une-agrofiber noma indawo yokuhlala yefilimu, kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli ungahlwanyela ama-melon kanye nama-gourds-ithanga, u-squash, u-squash. Uma nje izimpande ezimhlophe zivela ekuvuleni okuphansi kwebhodlela lepulasitiki, izithombo zingatshala ngaphansi kwekhava. Khumbula ukuthi ama-melon awabekezeli ukulimala izimpande, ngakho-ke ukufakelwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokusemandleni ukugcina i-coma, okuyizinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuthi ukuphuma kungabeki ukunisela.
Ngo-Ephreli, ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile kuqala ngeklabishi eledlule. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlobo zakuqala zokuvuthwa zihlwanyelwe ngaphansi kwekhava, ngaphandle kwalokho zizokhula kancane, zilahlekelwe izimfanelo ezibalulekile. Izitshalo ezinomlilo zitshalwe emhlabathini ekupheleni kweqhwa (uMeyi 25).
Ehlobo: ukudla, ukuvikela nokuhlwanyela kabusha
Eyokuqala engadini ikhiqiza iklabishi yokuqala, engasongela ama-slugs. Nciphisa isitshalo ngokumelene nabo naphakathi kwemigqa ye-sawdust ne-choki. Iklabishi ephakathi nendawo yokuvuthwa, ngasekuqaleni kwehlobo, kuvame ukulahlekelwa yi-macro-microelements, amaqabunga abe yi-violet, okukhombisa ukungabi khona kwe-phosphorus. Lapha, ukufaka umquba owengeziwe ngemifuno eyinkimbinkimbi kuzosebenza.
Inkinga enkulu eyenzekayo lapho ukhula utamatisi ukulimala okuphuzile. Okokuqala kubonakala ngendlela yokuma amaqabunga aphansi, bese wonke amaqabunga ehlathini ehlanganiswa nezindawo ezimnyama neziphuzi. Ukukhishwa kwamahlamvu we-tomato kungenzeka ngenxa yokungabi nethusi, izitshalo zokudla kanye nezici zokulandelela.
Ngokuhlanganisa izitshalo ze-utamatisi kuya kwi-twine, uzogwema ukulenga iziqongo, okuzokwenza kube lula kuwe ukulwa nokhula, i-pasynkovanie nokuvuna, futhi uthuthukise ukukhanya kwesitshalo. Ungasusa amabhodlela ama-2-3 kumatamatisi ukuvimbela ukuqhuma komoya endaweni ephansi. Engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo ungakwazi ukuhlwanyela Peking iklabishi, izinhlobo ekwindla isiko. Okokuqala, izitshalo zidinga ukuchelela njalo futhi zibukeke zibuthakathaka, kodwa ngo-Agasti-Septhemba ukukhula kwabo kuzoba namandla kakhulu.
Ungakhohlwa ukususa ama-aphid ezitshalweni. Kungabonakala ekukhuleni okubuthakathaka kwamasiko kanye ne-blanching yamaqabunga. Bheka i-bottomside yamaqabunga, uma uthola amakoloni ama-aphid lapho, zama ukuchoboza izinambuzane ngeminwe yakho kuqala. Emasimini amakhulu, sebenzisa i-biologics nama-aphid.
Isidalwa sihlwanyelwa ngo-Agasti. Ukunciphisa usuku lokukhanya luphinde ludale izimo zokukhula kwalo, kuphela manje kufanelekile ukusebenzisa izinhlobo zokugcina. Ekuseni uzothola isithombo esibheka njengezinqathe. Izinhlobo ezindala zikhulu kakhulu, zinamandla futhi zinomusa kunasekuqaleni.
Ungahlwanyela futhi u-rukkola. Ngesikhathi sokushisa kanye nokushintsha okushisa okushisa, i-arugula inikeza ngokushesha imicibisholo, amaqabunga abe amaqabunga futhi ababa kakhulu ukunambitheka. Ngo-Agasti, ngobusuku obubandayo, lezi zinkinga ziqala ukunyamalala. Kodwa ngisho noma uthola amaqabunga ngokufutheka, kanciphisa kancane emanzini abilayo, futhi izophela.
I-autumn: i-podzimnii yokuhlwanyela nokuhlanza isayithi
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala i-garlic yasebusika - ngo-Septhemba 25, kodwa hhayi ukuphuza kakhulu ukukwenza ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwamaqhwa, uzoba nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande. Ngaphambi kokutshala, hlela amazinyo zibe izingxenyana ukuze uthole amahlumela ahambisanayo.
Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba noma ngasekuqaleni kukaNovemba, sebenzisa ukutshala okutshalwe ebusika kwezitshalo ezihanjiswe emakhazeni - izaqathe, i-parsley, i-dill, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, anyanisi. Izitshalo ezinjalo zidinga ukujula kwe-2-3 cm, futhi ukwanda kwezinga le-seeding izikhathi ezingu-1.5. Kungcono ukuhlwanyela, ukulala kwe-striae ukujula kwe-4-5 cm akusiwo umhlabathi oqhwaqwe, kodwa i-humus inesihlabathi noma i-peat. Khetha isikhathi sembewu ukuze imbewu ikhule, kepha ungahlwanyeli. Kungcono ukuhlwanyela izitshalo ngezigaba eziningana, ngakho uzoqonda ukuthi yimiphi inkathi ephumelela kakhulu kulezi zitshalo endaweni yakho yokuhlala.
Esikhathini sokushisa, esembozwe ifilimu, inkathi ivaliwe ngo-Okthoba, lapho izinga lokushisa liwela ngezansi + 3 ° С ebusuku. On utamatisi, unqume zonke izithelo futhi eceleni eceleni ngokwebala, ezibomvu, obomvu futhi ephukile. Uma utamatisi usalokhu luhlaza, kodwa kakade ubonisa izimpawu zokugula, kungcono ukulahla ngokushesha lezi zibonelo - zizobola ngokushesha kunokuvuthwa. Kungcono ukubeka utamatisi obomvu nolomvu endaweni epholile eyomile, nezindawo eziluhlaza endaweni efudumele. Ngakho uthola utamatisi omusha kuze kube sekwindla. Sula izitshalo kusuka i-twine, kungcono ukuthi ungalahli izinsalela zemifino, kodwa ukucasha noma ukuzishisa.
I-greenhouse engenalutho idinga ukuchithwa i-disinfected kungakapheli amahora angu-3-4, i-fumigated amabhomu okushisa okwesibhakabhaka. Kufanelekile ukwenza ama-humus nokumba umhlaba endaweni yokushisa. Ungakhohlwa ukusula isakhi se-disinfecting, isibonelo soda nge-add calcium noma amanzi achloride, izakhi zangaphakathi zefreyimu. Ngokucophelela kuyadingeka ukususa emanzini okutshala ezindaweni eziseduze nezitshalo ezigulayo. Ungakhohlwa ukukhipha ifilimu kusuka kubamba lokushisa ngesikhathi. Ukulibaziseka kungase kube isiguli sesidumbu, uma iqhwa liwela ngokungalindelekile.