Emva kokuzalwa kwengane, abazali abasha bakhathazekile ngezinkinga eziningana eziphathelene nempilo yengane yabo. Okokuqala kungabonakala ngemva kokuhlola okubukwayo. Ngaphandle kokunakekelwa, ubukhulu bekhanda lomntwana cishe ngeke buhlale uma kungavamile ukungajwayelekile.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokubeletha, ikhanda liyisimiso sekhanda cishe ngamasentimitha angu-33 kuya ku-35. Ngonyaka wokuqala, umjikelezo wekhanda ukhula ngo-10-12 cm. Ukukhula kwekhanda okusheshayo ezinganeni ezijwayelekile ezinempilo kubonakala ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokuphila. Noma kunjalo, ungakhathazeki uma kukhona ukwephulwa. Lokhu akubonakalisi i-pathology. Indima enkulu kulokhu idlalwe yi-gene factor of the parents.
Uma kunezinkinga ze-endocrine emzimbeni womama, njenge-hyperthyroidism noma isifo sikashukela, ngokuvamile kuvame ukushintsha ngobukhulu bekhanda lomntwana ekuqondeni ukwanda. Lesi sifo singabangela ubunzima ekubelethweni, njengoba ikhanda lomntwana kulokhu lingenakudlulela ngaphakathi kwekhanda lomama. Kulezi zimo, isigaba se-caesarean sivame ukunikezwa.
Phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ikhanda lomntwana likhula ikakhulukazi ngokushesha - akukho nenye isikhathi sokuphila umzimba womntwana ukhula ngokushesha. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala ubukhulu bekhanda lomntwana bukhula ngokulinganiselwa kwesentimitha eyodwa nesigamu njalo ngenyanga, engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka - nengxenye yentimitha ngenyanga. Ezinganeni ezahlukene, izinga lokukhula liyakwazi ukuhluka ezinyangeni ezahlukene. Kungaba ushintsho kokubili isimo somzimba kanye nesifo somzimba.
Uma isimo sezinguquko singokwemvelo, umthamo wekhanda lomntwana uhlala ngaphansi komthetho ochazwe kumatafula e-centile, okuyizinga elilinganiselwe lemingcele yokuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba kwezingane ezineminyaka ehlukene, okungukuthi, ekhombisa ukuxhumana kwekhanda elibhekene nengane yengane.
Lapho ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo ku-polyclinic umhlengikazi akabuki nje ukuthi ikhanda likhulile kangakanani, kodwa futhi nokuthi lokhu kukhula kufana kanjani namatafula angama-centilial. Kunezimo lapho ingane izalwa ngobukhulu bekhanda elikhulisiwe, kodwa ukukhula kwekhanda lakhe kuphuza, ngakho-ke ngokusho kwamatafula, ukuthuthukiswa kwakhe kuthathwa njengokujwayelekile.
Ukwanda kwenani lokukhula kwengane yentloko yengane kungabonwa nge-hydrocephalus. Lezi zifo ezimweni eziningi zikhula ezinganeni ezingaphambi kwesikhathi, ezinganeni ezine-intrauterine hypoxia, izingane ezizalwa nge-asphyxia. Kubonakala ukuthi ubuchopho buyathinteka, okuholela ekubutheni oketshezi ngaphakathi kwekhanda, okwandisa ubukhulu bhokisi elingasebenzi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ubukhulu bekhanda lomntwana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-fontanels yengane ayikwazi ukukhula, ingakwazi ukuvuvukala futhi ifuthe, ikakhulu uma ingane ikhala. Njengoba i-edema ikhonjiswe ngokuyinhloko ebuchosheni, ingxenye ebusweni be-skull iyingcosana kakhulu kunengqondo.
Esinye isibonakaliso ne-hydrocephalus ukuthi ikhanda lomntwana likhula ngokushesha kakhulu kunomthambo wesifuba, nakuba kuthuthukiswa okuvamile, ngokuphambene - izinga lokukhula kwesifuba liphakeme kakhulu kunezinga lokukhula kwekhanda. Nge-hydrocephalus, ikhanda lingaba likhulu noma lilingana nomthamo we-thorax. Ukwenza isithombe sesifo, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ebuchosheni kwenziwa ngokucacile, lapho kutholakala khona izindawo lapho kutholakala khona amakamelo ahlanzekile nobuchopho obuchopho. Izingane ezine-hydrocephalus kufanele zihlolwe njalo yi-neurologist.
Inkambo yokwelapha ihlanganisa ukuphuza imithi yokuthuthukisa ukondla komqondo, njengokuthi i-nootropil ne-piracetam, kanye nezidakamizwa ze-diuretic ezifana ne-furasemide. Kunconywa ukuba udlule inkambo yokusikhipha umzimba jikelele. Njengoba ukwelashwa kahle, ukuthuthukiswa kwengane akufani nontanga yakhe. Uma ukwelashwa kungenziwanga ngesizathu esithile, ezimweni eziningi izingane ezine-hydrocephalus lag ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo, ziqala ukuhlala isikhathi sekwephuzile, zikhuluma futhi zihambe kancane.
Ngokuvamile, ikhanda elikhulu emntwaneni akuyona into ehlulekayo, kodwa ukubonakaliswa kwempawu zomthethosisekelo, okungukuthi, ubukhulu bekhanda buphinda ubukhulu bekhanda lomunye esizukulwaneni esidlule. Ukuqapha okunye kufanele kuhokhwe ekuthuthukiseni konke ukuthuthukiswa kwengane - uma kuvamile (kokubili ngokubona kwabazali nangombono wezingane), akufaneleki ukukhathazeka ngakho.