Umzimba awuphinde uphinde uthuthuke ngokushesha njengoba unyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Kuyacaca ukuthi umthwalo onjalo okwedlulele, kanye nokungahlali komzimba kwezitho nezinhlelo, yizona ezibangelwa ukusengozini okukhulu kwengane. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ezincane ezisuka ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kuze kube manje, umntwana osanda kuzalwa ubhekwa ukuthi uzalwa kusukela ku-22 kuya ku-37 ngesonto lokukhulelwa futhi ulinganisa okungenani ama 500 g. Kunezigaba eziningana zokuqeda isimo, okuphawulekayo okuyisisindo somzimba.
Ukubukeka
Esikhathini sokuphila kwengane engakafiki, kunezinye izilinganiso eziningana (ikhanda likhulu ngokulingana nobukhulu bomzimba) futhi cishe akukho thungue ezinamafutha angaphansi komhlaba. Isikhumba sibomvu obomvu futhi sincane, sigcwele i-fuzz elula. Imithombo e-skull ivulekile.
Uhlelo Lokukhathazeka
Ukucindezeleka okukhulu esikhathini sokuphila kwengane engakafiki kusengaphambili kumbono wengqondo ngesikhathi sokubeletha kungaholela ekugxileni kwemithwalo yegazi, ukujikeleza kwegazi okungaphelele futhi ngisho nokubola kwesinye isisu. Ngisho nangaphumelela kulokhu kuhlolwa kwezinsana ezingakabiphi, kunezinkinga ngomsebenzi wemoto kanye nezwi le-muscle, ezinye izingqondo, noma ukuncelisa, ziyancishiswa ngokuphawulekayo (noma azikho). Esinye isici esibalulekile sabantwana abanjalo yikhono labo eliphansi lokugcoba nokugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo. Ingane engakafiki isheshe ibe ne-overcooled kalula futhi ifakwe amandla, njengoba kunzima ukukhiqiza ukushisa futhi ekuqaleni ayikwazi ukuyikhukhumeza (izigulane zithukumezi cishe azisebenzi). Konke lokhu kuchaza ukubaluleka okukhethekile kokugcina ukushisa okuphephile njalo endlini lapho umntwana esanda kuzalwa khona. Abazali akufanele bakhohlwe ukuthi ukunamathela ngokuqinile embusweni wokushisa kumele kulandelwe ngisho nangemva kokukhishwa esibhedlela.
Uhlelo lokuphefumula
Unyaka wokuqala wesikhathi sokuphila umntwana osanda kuzalwa uphefumulela kaningi, futhi, kancane kancane uyalinganisa, ngokuvame ukuphefumula kwakhe. Enye inkinga ukungabi khona kwezinto ezikhethekile emathisini we-pulmonary (i-surfactant), okuqinisekisa ukuvulwa okuvamile kwemaphaphu futhi igcine "umoya wokuphuza umoya." Ngezinye izikhathi izindawo ezingamagugu ezingaxazululwa zibangelwa ukucindezeleka okuphefumulayo futhi zakha isizinda esihle sokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo. Kungcono ukuhlukanisa ingane kubo bonke kodwa amalungu omndeni Ukukhulumisana nenani elikhulu labathwali abathintekayo bokutheleleka kwandisa ingozi yokuthola imvuthu.
Isimo senhliziyo
Esikhathini sokuphila kwengane engakafiki, ngokuvamile kuvame ukungalingani okuhlukahlukene okuvimbela umsebenzi wenhliziyo. Ukuze kubonakale masinyane ukwephulwa okunjalo, zonke izingane zivame ukuthunyelwa ku-echocardiography (i-ultrasound yenhliziyo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimiso senhliziyo sisabela ngokuqinile kunoma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka okubukhali (ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, izinguquko ngokuzumayo emoyeni wokushisa, njll): izinga lenhliziyo landa futhi ukwanda kwegazi. Ukuze sigweme ukulayisha ngokweqile isidalwa esibuthakathaka ngesikhathi sokuphila kwengane engakafiki, kufanele sizame ukuvikela ingane ezinjalo ezicasulayo.
Uhlelo lokugaya
Ijusi yamagastri nama-enzyme akhiwa kancane, ngakho-ke, ikhono lokugaya ukudla nokulwa namabhaktheriya e-pathogenic emntwaneni kuncane kakhulu. Ukungenisa ngisho nenani elincane lama-microorganisms e-pathogenic emkhakheni wezinsizakalo ezinganeni ezinjalo kuholela ekuthuthukiseni i-dysbacteriosis. I-peristalsis ebuthakathaka yanciphisa intuthuko yokudla futhi ivame ukubangele ukuhlushwa, ukukhiqizwa kwegesi okwandayo nokuhlaselwa kwe-colic emathunjini. Noma kunjalo, uhlelo lokugaya lufeza umsebenzi walo oyinhloko - luyasebenza futhi luvumela ukuba sithole ubisi lomama, okwenza kwenzeke, ngesikhathi sokuphila kwengane ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuthola ukondla okwanele nokuthuthuka.
I-bone system
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, uhlelo lwethambo lwakhiwa olunye lwezinto zokuqala, ngoba umehluko walo kuphela kubantwana abancane yizinga elingezansi lokugcoba amathambo. Lokhu kubangela ingozi ekhuphukile yezinhlayiya. Ngisho nokuntula okuncane okuncane kwe-vitamin D, i-phosphorus ne-calcium kuholela ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, izingane ziyalungiselelwa amalungiselelo e-calcium. Enye inkinga ebalulekile i-dysplasia yamajoyina we-hip. Lokhu kwephulwa kwenzeka ezinganeni ezizalwa ngesikhathi, kepha izingane ezingaphambi kwesikhathi zinomumo omkhulu. Uma ungayitholi inkinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, esikhathini esizayo kungabangela ukuthi kwenzeke ukubunjwa kwezingqinamba, ukuhlukaniswa. Ukukhipha lesi sifo noma ukwelashwa kwesikhashana, izingane zivame ukuqhutshwa nge-ultrasound futhi, lapho kuvela ukusola, ingane ibhekiselwa kwi-rayography, evumela ukuthi kunqunywe isimo sezingxenye ngokunemba ngangokunokwenzeka.
Nini ukuya ekhaya?
Izinsana ezinesisindo somzimba ophansi, ekukhulelweni kokuqala (amasonto angama-22-28), ekuqaleni zazisiza emnyangweni ukuze ziqede, futhi zithunyelwa ekuvuselelweni ezibhedlela ezikhethekile zezingane, lapho zihlolwa ngokugcwele futhi, uma kudingeka, zithole ukwelashwa. Lapho isimo somntwana sithuthuka, futhi isidingo sokuqapha ngaso sonke isikhathi sezempilo siyanyamalala, futhi sithathwa ekhaya sokuqondisa iziguli. Kodwa ngisho nokujwayelekile kwezibonakaliso ezibalulekile zomzimba osanda kuzalwa ngesikhathi sokukhishwa akusho ukuthi ukubuyiswa kokugcina kwezinga lokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kwengane engakafiki kusenesikhathi. Eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala yokuphila, izinsana ezizalwa ngaphambi kwegama zingaphansi kokubona. Kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwe-neurologist, i-orthopedist, i-ophthalmologist nezinye izazi. Kusukela ngesonto lesibili lokuphila kwengane engakafiki isikhathi eside, i-prophylaxis ye-rickets isenziwa - i-vitamin D iyenezelwe ekudleni, ingane ihamba nge-massage ne-ultraviolet irradiation.
Sithuthukisa kanjani
Uma ingane engakazalwa isempilo, ukukhula kwayo ngokomzimba kuyashesha kakhulu.
Isisindo
Emasontweni okuqala okuphila isikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane esasanda kuzalwa kunesibuthakathaka, kepha ngenyanga yesi-3 kuya kwengu-4 lesi simo sesilungisiwe.
Izinsana ezisencane kakhulu ngaphambi kwenyanga yesibili-3 ziba izikhathi ezimbili ezilukhuni kunezikhathi zokuzalwa, ngonyaka unyaka wesisindo somzimba wokuqala owandisa izikhathi ezingu-8-8.
Esikhathini sokuphila, abantwana abangaphambi kwesikhathi abanesilinganiso esiphakathi kokuqhathaniswa kokubili kwesisindo sabo kancane kancane - ngezinyanga ezintathu, futhi ngonyaka baba izikhathi eziphindwe izikhathi ezingu-4-6.
Ukuphakama
Ibuye ikhule ngokushesha kakhulu - unyaka abantwana abangezwa kusukela ku-27 kuya kuma-38 cm, kanti ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila bendlula okungenani 2-3 cm ngenyanga. Ngakho-ke, ukukhula okujwayelekile kwezinsana ezingakabiphi ekupheleni kwenyanga yeshumi nambili yokuphila kufinyelela ku 70-77 bheka
Ukuphakama kwekhanda nesifuba
Kancane kancane, isilinganiso sobukhulu besibalo sekhanda nesifuba. Ngakho-ke, ukuzungeza ikhanda kwengxenye yokuqala yonyaka kwanda ngo-6-15 cm, engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka kungaphansi kakhulu - yi-0.5-1 cm kuphela. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila leli pharamitha landa ngo-15-19 cm futhi liyi-44-46 cm. , ukuthi ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila umzimba wengane (ngokunakekelwa ngokucophelela nokuvuselela) kukhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ukubhekana nokuhlukumeza nezinkinga eziye zavela. Ngakho-ke, into eyinhloko abazali okufanele bayikhumbule ngisho nezingane ezingakafiki ngaphambi kwesikhathi - kungenjalo akufanele kube nokwesaba futhi bacabange ukuthi ingane yakho izohlala "ingafani nabanye abantu." Ukuqeqeshwa komuntu ngamunye, ukuthuthukisa imidlalo, ukubhuca kanye nokuzivocavoca kuyokwenza kancane kancane into yabo futhi kuzosiza ingane esanda kuzalwa ukuba isebenze ngendlela evamile futhi ingaboni nganoma iyiphi indlela izingane ezizalwa ngesikhathi.
Manje yisikhathi sokusikhipha
Inkambo yokubuyisela ngokugcwele kanye nesikhathi sokuphila kwengane engakafiki kusengaphambili ibonisa ukuthi iqhaza elibambe iqhaza labazali kule nqubo. Ngakho-ke, kungaba kuhle ukufunda amakhono we-massage yezingane zakudala. Akufaneli lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ikakhulukazi, lwenziwa ngokucatshangelwa ukuthi isikhumba sabantwana bokuqala ezinyangeni zokuqala sincane kakhulu futhi somile, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukunyakaza kwama-massage kufanele kube mnene ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ekuqaleni, kungcono ukuzikhawulela ukushaywa kanye namaviki ambalwa nje ukuze uthuthele ezitheni eziningi.
Isikhathi sokusikhipha sinciphile - ngenyanga yokuqala akukho ngaphezu kwemizuzu engu-5.
Ukusikhipha isisindo ngokusebenzisa i-massage yamafutha okhethekile (oyinyumba) ingaqala ekuqaleni kokuphela kwenyanga yokuqala yokuphila, kuzosiza ukuphumula imisipha, ebaluleke kakhulu kubantwana abane-hypertonia. Izindlela zokusikhipha ezinjalo njenge-trituration, ukuxoka, i-effleurage kanye nokuzivocavoca okungahambi kahle (ukuchoboza, ukugoqa izingalo nemilenze, njll.), Kunconywa ukuba uqale kungakapheli izinyanga ezingu-2-3 ngaphambi kwesikhathi, uzalwe ngesisindo esingaphezu kuka-2000 g, hhayi ngaphambi kwezinyanga ezingu-6 ezinganeni ezinesisindo esingaphansi kuka-1500 amagremu ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.
Ukukhula okunempilo
Ukwandisa ukumelana ngesikhathi sokuphila kwengane ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi usheshe ukujatshulwa kwayo kungase kube nezindlela ezithambile zokuqina - amabhati okugeza emoyeni, ukugeza nsuku zonke nokuhamba.
Ukuhamba
Ungakwazi ukuhamba nomntwana ngisho nasebusika, uma nje i-crumb isuvele ineminyaka engu-2 ubudala (futhi ingakapheli isikhathi eside - okungenani izinyanga ezingu-4-5), futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya aliphansi kune-8-10 C.
Ukugeza
Lapho uhlamba nsuku zonke ingane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufeza izinga lokushisa kwamanzi okufunayo - 37 ° C, emasontweni amabili okuqala ingane ingahlanza kuphela ekamelweni elihle (elinomlilo owengeziwe).
Ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo
Kubalulekile futhi phakathi nokuphila kwengane engakafiki kusuka kumagciwane aphikisanayo nama-bacteria, njengoba amasosha omzimba ayosebenza ngisho nakakhulu kune-thermoregulation. Ezinyangeni ezingu-1-2 zokuqala, zama ukunciphisa uxhumano nanoma iziphi izihlobo nabangane abangahlali efulethini lakho - yiyo yonke imithombo ekhona yokutheleleka.
Ukubeletha
Okwokuqala, ukondla ingane kaningi futhi kunengxenye encane. I-crumb ngokushesha iyakhathala futhi ayikwazi ukusondla njengabantwana abavamile. Le nkinga ingaxazululwa ukuhlala isikhathi eside kwengane esifubeni noma ukunciphisa ikhefu lesikhashana ekudleni nasekunceliseni ingane ngobisi obonisiwe. Into esemqoka - khumbula: Ubisi lwebele lwengane manje alugcini kuphela ukudla, kodwa futhi "umuthi" oyisimangaliso ovela emithwalweni ethintekayo yengqondo nokuphazamiseka komzimba. Zama isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uncelise ingane.
Isingeniso sokudla okuhambisanayo
Kumele kudlule ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha. Njengomthetho, izitsha zokuqala zokudla okungeziwe zingeniswa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana athole u-6-7 kg wesisindo somzimba futhi uzodla okungenani 1000 ml yobisi lwebele ngosuku.
Ngokunakekelwa kahle nokunakekelwa komama wakho othandekayo ngokucophelela, maduzane zonke izinkinga ezihambisana nenkathi yokuphila kwengane engakafiki zizohlala kuphela ezinkumbulo zakho.