Isixazululo sezinkinga zomhlaba zesikhathi sethu: ifilosofi

Enye yezimpikiswano zomhlaba jikelele nezombusazwe yanamuhla yisisombululo sezinkinga zomhlaba zesikhathi sethu: ifilosofi ibheka izinkinga ezibonakala zithinta cishe zonke izayensi, kuhlanganise nezomnotho, i-geography, izibalo nezinye eziningi. Cishe zonke izinhlaka namagatsha ezesayensi ahlobene nomuntu nomhlaba basebenza kulezi zinkinga. Pho, kungani ifilosofi kufanele ixazulule izinkinga zesikhathi sethu? Lokhu kuzoqondakala nakakhulu uma sicabangela ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezifakwe kulolu hlu namuhla. Futhi, kubonakala sengathi ungathola indlela yokuphuma, ngoba namuhla kunezinhlelo eziningi, izinqumo nobuchwepheshe bomuntu ... kungani konke kusekhona? Impendulo yukuthi konke kuxhomeke kumuntu ngokwakhe, kodwa nokho umi phakathi kwalezi zinkinga: okwamanje, ikusasa lakhe. Kusukela eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa namashumi amabili ekhulwini lama-20, ukuqondiswa kokucabanga komphakathi kuye kwavela, okungabizwa ngokuthi ifilosofi yezinkinga zomhlaba zesikhathi sethu.

Ngokuqondene nesisombululo sezinkinga zomhlaba wonke esikhathini sethu, ifilosofi ibheka ngayinye yalezi zinkinga, izixazululo, izizindla ngekusasa, libikezela isimo phakathi kwendoda nempucuko. Ekuqaleni lezi zinkinga zazingezona umhlaba wonke futhi zikhathazeke kuphela ngamazwe ngabanye, kodwa ngokushesha isimo ngasinye sashintsha. Uma sicabangela isixazululo ngasinye, thina, ngaphezu kwakho konke, sinakekele ikusasa elicebile lesizwe nakwamanye amazwe. Ezinye zezinkinga zingabonakala kumuntu ngamunye ngokuqondile, okuyinto ifilosofi yezinkinga zomhlaba jikelele.

Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuthayipha. Sizocabangela okuyinhloko kubo: inkinga yokuthula nempi, ezomnotho, ezomphakathi, izinkinga zokukhiqiza, inkinga yokunqoba ukubuyela emuva kwamanye amazwe, ukuthuthukiswa kolwandle lomhlaba, ukunciphisa ukukhula kwabantu emhlabeni, nokunciphisa ukuziphatha kwabantu. Kunzima ukucacisa isixazululo ngasinye, ngoba akulula ukuqiniseka ukuthi ubukhona babo ngokusho kwamanje.

Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yikuphi okushiwo yilowo nalowo. Inkinga yokuthula nempi yayikhona njalo lapho isintu sisekhona. Indaba yakhe igcwele izimpi nezivumelwano zokuthula, izimbangela nemiphumela yazo ezahluke kakhulu futhi ezingalindelekile. Kodwa jikelele kubantu bonke, le nkinga yaqala ngokufika kwezikhali zenuzi, izindlela zokubhujiswa okukhulu. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, izinhlangano zokuthula nemisebenzi ziyadalwa, isibonelo, ngo-1994 uhlelo lwe-NATO Partnership for Peace lwadalwa, oluhlanganisa namazwe angu-24. Okuqukethwe kwezikhali zenuzi kulawulwa, kepha noma kunjalo kukhona amazwe athola indlela yokugcina izikhali ngokungemthetho.

Inkinga yezezomnotho ukuwohloka kwemvelo, okuhlanganisa ukuqoqwa kwezinto ezinobuthi emhlabeni, ukungcola komkhathi kanye ne-hydrosphere, ukuhlwanyelwa kwemithi, okudingayo ukuze siphile ngokugcwele ezintweni eziningi, kanye nomoya, ukwehla kwenhlabathi - konke lokhu kungumphumela wokungenela kwabantu imvelo. Lezi zinkinga zihlobene nezinto zokusetshenziswa namandla, ezavela kuma-70s ekhulwini lama-20. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo, okugcinwe kuyo okungekho ukubuyiselwa, ukwanda kwamazinga okukhiqiza. Izinsiza esizisebenzisayo ziphelele futhi aziphelelanga, futhi ngeshwa, zikhona ezingaphezulu kakhulu. Yini abantu abangayenza uma kungabikho izinsiza ezisele, noma ziyophela nhlobo? Le nkinga inzima emhlabeni wonke, futhi namuhla kunezindlela ezimbili zokuxazulula le nkinga: eningi futhi enamandla. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isintu singathola imithombo emisha, siyishintshe, noma sinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwalabo esisebenzisa namuhla.

Inkinga yezenhlalakahle ihlanganisa indlala, isimo sezwe samanye amazwe namuhla. Iqiniso liwukuthi kwezinye zazo kukhona izinkinga zabantu, kwabanye - ukuqhuma kwabantu. Lokhu kusongelwa yiqiniso lokuthi ezinye izizwe, njengezizwe zaseYurophu, zingase zishabalale ngokushesha, ekugcineni zizoshintshwa abanye, isibonelo, ama-Asian. Isixazululo salenkinga singaba inqubomgomo yabantu, inkohliso phakathi kwamakholwa, ukukhulisa izinga lemfundo. Phakathi kwezimbangela zendlala kwamanye amazwe: ubumpofu, ukungabi nemali kwemishini, ukuthengiswa kwezitshalo zobuchwepheshe nokuntuleka kokudla, ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba. Ekuxazululeni inkinga yalesi mboni kunezindlela ezimbili: ukwandisa izindawo ezihlwanyelwe noma ukuthola imikhiqizo eminingi kulabo abakhona.

Ukuze kunqotshwe ukubuyela emuva kwamanye amazwe angathuthuki, izinqumo ezinjalo zihloswe: inqubomgomo yabantu kulezi zizwe, izinguquko ezintsha, ukuqedwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuqeda izingxabano ze-interethnic, ukunciphisa izindleko zempi, nokulungiswa komnotho. Ukuze usize amazwe alahlekile, futhi udale izinhlangano nemisebenzi. Isibonelo, emva kuka-1945, inhlangano ye-UN-FAO yasungulwa ukuze ixazulule izinkinga zokudla nezokulima.

Ngaphezu kwezinkinga zempahla, kunezinkinga ezingokwengqondo nezingokomoya, lapho ifilosofi ngokwayo ihileleka kakhulu. Lokhu ukuwa kokuziphatha, isiko labantu. Isixazululo sale nkinga sesivele sincike kumuntu ngamunye ngabanye: iyiphi indlela esizoyikhetha namhlanje, ngalesi sikhathi? Ngubani esingayifundisa ukuhlakanipha nokuhlakanipha? Bathi ukuthi ukushintsha isizwe, kufanele uqale kuqala wena. Sigxeka wonke umuntu futhi silahlekelwe yikhokho okuhle kakhulu, kodwa ngamunye wethu ulindele okuthile, angazihloniphi futhi agxumeke emibonweni eminingi. Mhlawumbe kufanele siqale sisebenze thina ngokwethu kumuntu ngamunye kithi? Uma abantu abaningi belalele lokhu, umhlaba uzoba ngcono kakhulu futhi uzosebenza kangcono kunama-propaganda amaningi.

Isixazululo sezinkinga zomhlaba wonke esithinta sonke isintu sisezinhlathini zomuntu ngamunye, noma kunjalo, ifilosofi lapha ayikho endaweni yokugcina. Sithinteka izinkinga ezihlukahlukene, ezibhekiswe ekubandakanyekeni kwesizwe sonke, futhi ngamunye ngamunye. Ungama eceleni kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi. Isikhathi sokusebenza ukuze kuzuze ikusasa lezihlobo zabo, izingane kanye nabazukulu.