Yiziphi izinhlangano owenza ikhofi kukubangela? Ukuqala kosuku olusha, ikhefu lekhofi nabasebenza nabo ehhovisi, usuku lomshado e-cafe, umhlangano webhizinisi, ukukhulumisana okujabulisayo nabangani ... Lolu hlu luzoqhubeka kuze kube nini nanini: ikhofi sekuyisikhathi eside iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngokusho kwayo, ithela kuphela amanzi. Izakhiwo eziwusizo zekhofi omnyama zinenani elikhulu lamakhemikhali kanye nama-antioxidants abalulekile.
Ikhofi kusukela esikhathini esidlule yayibhekwa njengesiphuzo esiyintandokazi sabaculi, izinkondlo kanye nabacabangi. Isibonelo, u-Honore de Balzac wayephuza ngokuphuza kuze kube ngu-60 izinkomishi zekhofi ngosuku. Ukulingana okunjalo kwakungumqondo we-Voltaire, owasusa izinkomishi ezingu-50 ngosuku. Yiqiniso, ukugqithisa okunjalo akudluli ngaphandle kwemiphumela yempilo yabo ...
Esihlalweni sethu somthengi, sazama ukuqoqa ulwazi oluhlukahlukene mayelana nalesi siphuzo: kuphi futhi nini okokuqala ikhofi etholiwe, ukuthi ungayiphuza kanjani, hhayi ukulimaza impilo, yiziphi izindlela zokulungiselela, zikhona.
Isiphuzo senjabulo
Kuze kube namuhla, izingxabano zenziwa mayelana nomphumela wekhofi emzimbeni womuntu. Ngaphakathi kwebhontshisi yekhofi iqukethe amakhemikhali angaphezu kweziyizinkulungwane ezimbili, okuye kwafundwa ingxenye eyodwa kuphela. Ngakho kunezinto eziningi ezintsha ezitholakalayo eziseduze. Yini eyaziwa ngokuqinisekile: i-caffeine inomphumela omuhle esimisweni sezinzwa zomphakathi (iyanciphisa izitsha zobuchopho, igqugquzele umsebenzi wezobuchopho). Yingakho inkomishi yesikhumba esiphunga elimnandi ingabhekana nokulala nokukhanda ikhanda, ngaphandle kwalokho i-antidepressant enhle kakhulu (sibonga ihomoni yenjabulo equkethe i-serotonin).
Izakhiwo eziwusizo zekhofi elimnyama elifanelwe idumela le-aphrodisiac: i-caffeine ivuselela indawo yengqondo ephoqelelwe ukuvusa ucansi. Ngakho-ke ungabi nobuvilapha ekuseni ukuchitha ikhofi yakho oyintandokazi embhede.
Ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwabonisa ukuthi indebe yekhofi yenza kube lula ukuzivocavoca futhi kunciphise ubuhlungu besisu ngemuva kokusebenza okudinga ukuvivinya umzimba.
I-Espresso ivame ukukhonzwa ngengilazi yamanzi okuphuza okubandayo, okwephuza okusiza ukuzwa konke ukucabangela kokunambitha.
Umhlahlandlela weCafememaker
Ukunambitheka kwesiphuzo kuncike ezintweni eziningi: amakhodi ekhofi, ukugaya kakhulu nokugaya okusanhlamvu.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo
Ukubaluleka kwezezimboni kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezihlahla zekhofi: i-Arabica no-Robusta. I-Arabica ine-flavour elula futhi iphunga elicebile, elicebile. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zizwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kokushisa kanye nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kubandakanya izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zokukhiqiza ikhofi emhlabeni.
I-Robusta ingaphansi kuncike ezimweni zokukhula. Kodwa-ke, kungaphansi kwe-Arabica ngezimfanelo zayo zokunambitheka: ukunambitheka kwayo kunamandla, kancane okubabayo futhi okuphazamisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuhlukahluka kuqukethe kabili kakhulu i-caffeine.
Njengomthetho, ezitolo zase-Ukraine izingxube zombili izinhlobo ngezinga elihlukile zenziwa, okubangela ukunambitheka okuhlukahlukene nokunambitheka.
Isiqu sokugaya amahlamvu
Kusukela ezinhlameni ezifanayo ekucubungeni, ungathola ikhofi yokuthanda izinto ezahlukene. Kuneziqu eziningana zokugaya: ukukhanya (iScandinavian), medium (Viennese), eqinile (isiFulentshi) futhi, ekugcineni, inamandla kakhulu (isi-Italian). Kukholelwa ukuthi uma isikhathi eside ukuphathwa kokushisa kwezinhlamvu kuqhubeka, okusebenzayo kakhulu ngamafutha abalulekile. Ngakho-ke, futhi ukunambitheka kugcwele kakhulu, ngokufutheka okuveziwe.
Indlela nezinga lokugaya
Ekubhontsheni kokuqala ikhofi kwakuphekwe ngokuphelele, bese uchotshozwa emhlabathini. Ngesikhathi kuphela ikhofi eya eTurkey, yaqala ukugaya endaweni yokugaya.
Izakhi zangempela zendawo eziwusizo zekhofi omnyama zincoma ukusebenzisa i-grinder ngetshe lokugaya ngokuphuza. Uma unedivaysi ejikelezayo (ngemimese), zama ukuvumela ukushisa okunamandla kwensimbi: ukunambitheka nephunga lekhofi lilahlekelwa kakhulu.
Kukhona amadijithi ambalwa okugaya okusanhlamvu: othulini, omncane, omile futhi omile. Umlando wekhofi waqala iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kukaKristu esifundazweni saseKafa (Ethiopia, East Africa). Ngokomunye wezinganekwane eziningi, umalusi waseTopiya uCaldi wamangala ngokuziphatha okusebenzayo kwezimbuzi zakhe emva kokuhlafuna izithelo zomuthi wekhofi obomvu obomvu. Khona-ke umalusi ofuna ukuzibuza yena wazikhethela ukuzama amajikijolo afana nama-cherries. Ngokusobala, bamfanelanga ukunambitha, ngoba ngokushesha ikhofi yaba yisiphuzo esithandayo sama-Arabhu. Kuze kube yikhulu lama-17, ikhofi yatshalwe ikakhulukazi e-Peninsula yase-Arabia. Sekuyisikhathi eside ukuthunyelwa kwemifino evundile (engavumelekile) ivinjelwe - ukuvimbela ukulima kwabo kwezinye izindawo. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1616 amaDashi akwazi ukukhipha izimali eziningana "eziphilayo". Kamuva baqala ukwandisa ikhofi emakoloni abo e-India nase-Indonesia (namuhla le ndawo iyisine sesine esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni jikelele). Owokuqala ukuletha ikhofi eYurophu kwakungabathengisi baseVenice (ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17). Okokuqala, ukukhishwa kwamabhontshisi wekhofi kwasetshenziselwa izinhloso zokwelapha kuphela, kodwa kakade ngo-1646 indlu yokuqala yekhofi yavulwa eVenice. Ngokushesha izikhungo ezinjalo zavela kulo lonke elaseYurophu. ERussia, ikhofi yafika ngo-Emperor Peter I, owayengumlutha wesiphuzo elimnandi ngesikhathi e-Holland. Namuhla, ubhontshisi wekhofi ungenye yezinto eziyigugu kakhulu ezentengiselwano zomhlaba, okuyi-value yayo eyesibili kuphela kumafutha.
Abathandi abaningi bekhofi bakhetha ukwengeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinongo ezikhofi, okwenza isiphuzo sibe iphunga elimnandi elivundiwe kanye namaphuzu engeziwe okunambitha. Zama i-cardamom, isinamoni, i-nutmeg, i-clove, i-ginger kanye ne-pepper elimnandi.
Kuzo zonke ukunambitheka
Izindlela zokulungiselela
Ikhofi empumalanga (ngesi-Turkish)
1 tsp. ikhofi esemhlabathini ephansi yokulala e-dzhez (i-Turk) futhi uthele ingxenye yengilazi yamanzi abandayo. Pheka phezu kokushisa okuphansi ngaphandle kokuxuba. Uma nje isikhumba sekhofi siqala ukuphakama, susa ekushiseni futhi, ngaphandle kokuhlunga, uthele ikhofi ezindebe. I-French Press (i-piston method) Ikhofi epholile yokulala ngaphansi kwesitsha esikhulu seglasi, bese uthele amanzi abilayo. Vumela isiphuzo ukuphuza imizuzu emihlanu, bese uhlukanisa ubukhulu ne-piston enamathele esihlalweni. Indlela yokushayela (ukuhlunga) Indlela elula yokuphuza ikhofi. Ikhofi lokugaya okuphakathi limbozwe kwisihlungi esakhiwe nge-cone. Amanzi ashisayo ashisayo anikezwa phansi ngokudonsa, okuyinto emva kokukhipha isithunyelwe ebhodweni lekhofi. Umshini wekhofi ohlobo lwe-Geyser. Abenzi bekhofi be-Geyser bathandwa kakhulu. Idivayisi iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu. Emanzini aphansi athululelwa, phakathi komunye ubeka ikhofi eliqhekekile, phezu kwesiphuzo esiphuphukisiwe sinciphisa. Ushaya olufudumele lukhuphuka nge-geyser futhi ludlula uhlaka lwekhofi lube ngethangi elingenhla. Ikhofi ivela eqinile futhi egcwele. Umshini wokwenza ikhofi wokucindezela kumshini wekhofi we-espresso ulungiswe kancane kunomzuzu - cindezela inkinobho eyodwa kuphela. Isimiso sokusebenza sisekelwe ekuhambeni kwe-steam ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu ngekhofi ehlelwe kahle.
Iziphuzo zekhofi
Kusuka emazweni angaphandle emenyu yezindlu zanamuhla zekhofi, amehlo agijima. Masihambe ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokupheka eziyinhloko. I-Espresso yiyona "inkosi" enhlobonhlobo yeziphuzo zekhofi: kungenxa yokuthi zonke ezinye izinhlobo zilungiselelwa. Ukukhonza okulodwa, ama-gramu angu-7 wekhofi yomhlabathi (1 ithisipuni) kanye no-40 ml wamanzi ashisayo adingekayo. Amamerica - i-espresso nge-addition of amanzi abilayo. Ivolumu evamile ingu -120 ml. I-Cappuccino - i-espresso ene-foam ebisikiwe (isetshenziswa nge-sinamoni). Ubisi bushaywa emshinini we-espresso nge-generator ye-steam. I-Ristretto yikhofi egxile kakhulu futhi evuselelayo (i-7 g ikhofi i-20-25 ml yamanzi). Ingxenye yakhelwe ama-1-2 sips. It isetshenziswa, njengoba umthetho, ngaphandle ushukela. Khonza ngengilazi yamanzi abandayo. I-Latte iyinhlangano yokudlela egcwele izingxenye ezintathu: ubisi, i-espresso nobisi lobisi. Isiphuzo senziwa esikhwameni esikhethekile esikhuphuka nge tube.
Kuphela izinkomishi ezimbili zekhofi ngosuku kuzokusiza ukuba ulahlekelwe yilawo amakhilogremu engeziwe. Kulesi simo, ubukhulu obuningi bungasetshenziselwa izinqubo zasekhaya.
Ikhofi yemvelo iqukethe izinto eziningi eziwusizo lezo izinkampani ezitholayo ezihamba phambili ngokuzibandakanya ngokuzibandakanya ku-creams kanye ne-lotions ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba komzimba nomzimba. Kuqinisekiswa ngokuqinile: indebe ye-espresso isebenza ngokusondelana kwemvelo cishe ngo-4%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-caffeine iyasheshisa ukuwohloka kwamafutha, kunciphisa ukudla futhi kuvimbele ukudla ngokweqile.
Ikhofi ingasetshenziswa njengendlela yangaphandle. Geza izikhala zekhofi nge-lotion yomzimba. Hlola ngezinkinga (izinkalo, isisu, izintambo) bese uzifaka ngefilimu yokudla. Ngemuva kwehora, ugeze futhi usebenzise ubisi olumanzi. Ngesikhathi sekhofi wraps, i-caffeine ingena emathisini angaphansi kwe-adipose. Futhi izinhlayiya ngokwazo zihlambalaza isikhumba, zithuthukise ukunikezwa kwegazi nokugeleza kwe-lymph.
Ukuhlanzwa okujulile kuzosiza isikhumba sakho ukuba sikhanyise! Kusihlwa, emva kokugeza ama-makeup, thatha ikhofi encane yomhlaba ocolekileyo bese uyixuba ngokugcwele ukhilimu wakho ovuthiwe. Ingxube ephumela ngaphakathi kwemizuzu engu-2-3 ngokucophelela igubha esikhunjeni sobuso ngokuya emigqeni yokugaya, bese ugeza ngamanzi afudumele. Yenza kanye ngesonto.
Ukuhlanza isikhumba somzimba emangqamuzaneni afile, thatha ikhofi encane yomhlabathi (ungadakwa) kanye nomzimba we-sodium (imizuzu emihlanu). Le nqubo ihlinzeka ngesikhumba senkinga emilenzeni nasesiswini, isusa ngokugcwele futhi ihlanza isikhumba, futhi isuse ubuthi.
I-caffeine encane
Kubantu abaningi, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, ikhofi yemvelo iyaphikisana. Isixazululo satholakala: kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ikhofi ye-decaffeinated yaqala ukukhiqizwa e-USA. Kodwa-ke, lo mkhiqizo awunakucatshangwa ukuthi uwusizo, ngoba izindlela zamakhemikhali zisetshenziselwa ukukhipha i-caffeine emanzini. Isibonelo, i-methylene chloride ne-ethyl acetate isetshenzisiwe, izinsalela zazo ezingafaka umkhiqizo wokugcina. Ngo-1979, iSwitzerland yakha indlela lapho amanzi asetshenziselwa khona kuphela amanzi kanye nezihlungi ezivela emalahle. Noma kunjalo, kubiza, ngenxa yokuthi ayitholanga ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduzane, ososayensi bahlela ukusebenzisa amasu okuguqula izakhi zofuzo ukuvimbela isakhi esithintekayo ekuqaliseni i-caffeine ngamabele. Akudingeki ukuthi, ukuthi ukuphepha kwama-GMO ngaphansi kombuzo omkhulu?