Izidakamizwa ezidakamizwa ngokuvamile zibhekene nesibindi esinamandla, isifo senhliziyo, isisu kanye nesisindo somonakalo. Umzimba wabo ubuthakathaka kakhulu ngenxa yokudakwa ngokweqile ukuthi noma yikuphi ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba, njengokukhulelwa nokubeletha, kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu kakhulu, kuze kube nomphumela obulalayo.
Amantombazane amaningi kanye nabesifazane abasha bavame ukuzibuza ukuthi izidakamizwa zingathonya kanjani ukukhulelwa kwengane kanye nokwenzeka kwayo esikhathini esizayo uma isipiliyoni sokusebenzisa izidakamizwa sasilokhu esidlule noma izidakamizwa ezisetshenzisiwe zibuthakathaka? Kubalulekile ukukhumbula kanye naso sonke, akukho mithi ebuthakathaka. Kungenzeka ukuthi wonke umuntu wezwa i-hypothesis yokuthi akekho owake waba izidakamizwa. Ngokwengxenye lokhu kuyiqiniso. Phela, izidakamizwa ziqala emzimbeni inqubo enamandla kakhulu yokubhubhisa ukuthi ngisho negciwane lesandulela ngculazi lidlula phambi kwakhe, lingasho ngomzimba wesifazane olindele ingane.
Isifiso socansi sezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa ivame ukunciphisa ngenxa yokwehla okubukhali ezingeni lama-hormone ocansini okuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane ikhulelwe futhi isebenze ukugcina ukukhulelwa okufikile. Naphezu kwalokhu, ama-25% omlutha abanolwazi anezingane eyodwa noma ezimbili. Ngeshwa, lezi zingane zizolahlwa ukuphila okucindezelekile ngenxa yezifo ezinzima.
Uma sicabangela ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi izidakamizwa zingathinta kanjani ukukhulelwa kwengane ngisho nasesiteji sesakhiwo se-gamete, cishe cishe lesi sithombe sizodonsa: kuma-gametes akhiwe ngaphansi kwethonya lama-narcotic, ama-chromosomes aphule, okuholela ekukhipha isisu (ukukhulelwa kwesisu) kombungu. Uma kwenzeka ezinyathelweni zokuqala, kulokhu, ukuphuma kwegazi kwenzeka futhi ukukhulelwa kuphazanyiswa. Ngokuvamile kunezimo eziguquguqukayo lapho ingane ikhulelwa khona, ngokubheka kuqala, ngokushelela, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imibungu ye-chromosome ewonakele izidakamizwa ibangela ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwe-chromosomal. I-embryo iba umbungu, i-embryo iqala ukungena emntwaneni, futhi ingane ekhulayo iqala ukubambezeleka okujulile ekuthuthukiseni, ukukhubazeka kobuchopho, lapho impilo ephelele ingavunyelwe khona. Kungani lokhu kwenzeka?
Umthelela onobuthi wezidakamizwa embrus kungaba ngokungaqondile (ukuphazanyiswa kokubunjwa kwamahomoni, izinguquko kwi-uterine mucosa) futhi ngokushesha (umonakalo esakhiweni seseli se-fetus). Noma imiphi imithi ingathinta i-placenta, iba yinkimbinkimbi, idlula umoya ophefumulayo, ngaleyo ndlela ibangele hypoxia ebusweni obunzima. Umzimba omncane wengane ekhulayo ixhomeke ezintweni ezidakayo ezithathwe ngumama ozayo. Izidakamizwa, ezinesisindo esincane se-enzyme, ziphuma kancane emzimbeni, futhi zihamba isikhathi eside zihamba nge-system fetal circulatory.
Umama ozayo odla izidakamizwa akavami ukufaka umntwana ngaphambi kosuku olufanele, futhi lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu. Isisindo somzimba esingenele siyinto evamile kakhulu ekuxhasweni kwezidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokukhulelwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuzalwa kwengane ngaphambi kwethemu, futhi ngisho nesisindo somzimba esanele, kusongela ezakhiweni eziningi ezingezansi, ngokuvamile ziba nomphumela obulalayo. Ababelethi abasanda kuzalwa abadakwa izidakamizwa ngokuvamile bahlushwa yi-hydrocephalus (okunciphisa kakhulu ebuchosheni ngamanani ajwayelekile okukhula kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba). I-hydrocephalus eyingozi kakhulu iyaziwa ngabaningi: ukuwohloka komqondo okujulile, isithuthwane, ukuphuza kwengqondo kanye nezinkinga ezengeziwe ngokuzivumelanisa nemvelo.
Umbuzo wokuthi izidakamizwa zingathinta kanjani ukukhulelwa kwengane, sesivele sibheke. Ngeke kube okungadingekile ukukhumbula ukuthi yimuphi umonakalo abakwenzayo kumntwana ozelwe kakade. Amahora angama-24-48 okuqala ngemva kokuzalwa kwakhe, ingane yomama othembekile odla izidakamizwa iqala i-abstinence syndrome yeqiniso (i-hangover yezidakamizwa). Uma owesifazane okhulelwe esebenzisa i-methadone noma ezinye izidakamizwa ezitholakala emanzini, ingane izozwa izimpawu zokuxhomeka kwezidakamizwa kungekudala, kepha amaviki amabili kuya kwamathathu kamuva, ngezinye izikhathi kamuva. Izimpawu zokuhlukunyezwa kwengane "kwengane" emntwaneni yilezi: umkhuhlane, ukuvuvukala kwe-mucosa yama-nasopharyngeal, ukujuluka, ukuklolodela ngisho nokudumala. Kungase kube nezinkathi zokusebenza ngokweqile noma, ngokuphambene, isisu esibuthakathaka kakhulu esiphuzayo, ngokuthambekela okucacile kokuphindaphinda. Ingane kaningi inyembezi, izinyembezi, zilambile futhi zijabule.
Uma kwaziwa ukuthi umama osandulisiwe ungumlutha wezidakamizwa, bese egumbini lokudiliza unikezwa i-naloxone. Khona-ke umchamo womama nengane uhlaziywa ngokuqukethwe kwezinto ezidakayo. Ezinye izidakamizwa zingabangela umntwana osanda kuzalwa nge-syndrome eqinile kakhulu, okudinga ukwelapha ngokushesha nge diazepam noma phenobarbital. Ukwelapha okunjalo kwenziwa kuze kube yilapho izimpawu ziphela ngokuphelele (kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-4 kuya ezinyangeni ezingu-3-4).
Izingane ezinempilo yazo ihlukunyezwa yimithwalo yezidakamizwa ezithathwe omama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa esikhathini esizayo ngokuvamile zihlupheka ngenxa yokungaziphathi kahle ekuthuthukiseni kwengqondo, kunzima ukufunda nokuxhumana, ukwesaba nokuhlukumezeka. Izibalo azikwenzeki: ukukhulelwa kwengane esimweni sokudakwa kwezidakamizwa, ukuzala nokuzalwa kwayo nge-hangover syndrome kwenza ukuphila kwangomuso kwalesi siganeko kungalindelekile. Cishe isigamu salezi zingane, kusukela ekukhuleni, sithatha izidakamizwa.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokucabanga ngokukhulelwa kwengane, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye umuntu azichitha esibelethweni somama ngezinye izikhathi yisikhathi esiyimpumelelo esithinta impilo yakhe yonke yesikhathi esizayo. Ukunqoba ukulutha kwezidakamizwa nokubeletha ingane enempilo enempilo kuyinkosikazi enobuqhawe lapho owesifazane okholelwa ukuthi kukhona izidakamizwa ezilula kanye nezidakamizwa zokudakwa kwezidakamizwa okufanele zikwazi ukusebenza.