Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezinganeni: isisimungumane

Izimpukane yisifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu, ngokuvamile esithinta izingane. Ngokuvamile, isishukela siphumelele ekutholeni ngokuphelele, kodwa kwezinye izimo izinkinga zikhula. Ukugonywa okwesikhashana kwengane kunikeza ukuzivikela okuphumelelayo. Ama-measles ukutheleleka ngegciwane, izimpawu zazo zibandakanya umkhuhlane kanye nokukhwabanisa. Kuze kube yamuva, isifo sesisimungulu sasiphezulu kakhulu, kodwa manje sehlile kakhulu. Eqinisweni, odokotela abaningi abasha emazweni athuthukile abakaze babone lesi sifo. Emazweni asathuthuka ukuqhuma kwenzeka ngesikhathi sasebusika nasezinkathi zentwasahlobo. Izifo ezithathelwanayo zezingane - isirabelisi nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ziyingozi kakhulu.

Izindlela zokudlulisa izimpande

Ama-measles adluliselwa ngamaconsi amanzi aphuma emzimbeni wokuphefumula womuntu ogulayo lapho ekhwehlela noma ecula. Ama-pathogens awela emzimbeni womuntu onempilo ngokusebenzisa i-membrane emangcwabeni yomlomo noma i-conjunctiva iso. Kukhona isikhathi sokuqala, noma sokuqala, esibonakala izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela kanye ne-conjunctivitis, nesikhathi sokubukeka okujwayelekile. Ingane ehlushwa yisimungumzimba iyathinteka kakhulu esikhathini sokuqala, ngaphambi kokuthi iqhume ukuqhuma. Njengomthetho, isishukela siphumelele ekutholeni okuphelele.

Ukukhulula Izimpawu

Ngokuqondene nezifo eziningi zegciwane, akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile okuyisimungumungwane. Imisebenzi evamile ihlanganisa ukuphuza okuningi futhi ithatha i-paracetamol ekushiseni okuphansi. Esikhathini sokudlula isikhathi, ukuxilongwa kwesimungumzimba kunzima. Kodwa-ke, udokotela angase asole into enzima ngaphezu kokubandayo uma umkhuhlane nezimpawu zesifo ziqhubeka isikhathi eside. Ukubizwa ngokuthi conjunctivitis kungabuye kusikisela isirayisom. Isici sesimungqimba sesisimungumungeni kuba khona kwamabala e-Koplik emcimbini womlomo womlomo. Lezi zindawo ezincane ezimhlophe zivele zivele ezihlathini eziphambene neminyango yomhlathi ophansi futhi kancane kancane zisakaze kulo lonke i-mucosa yesigxobo somlomo. Amabala ka-Koplic angatholakala emahoreni angu-24-48 ngaphambi kokubonakala kwe-rash. Esinye sezibonakaliso eziyinhloko zesimungumungqimba kukhona esikhwameni se-meshpapular rash (izindawo ezibomvu ezinezinga eliphezulu phakathi). Ekuqaleni, i-rash ivela ngemuva kwezindlebe kanye nendawo yokukhula kwezinwele ngemuva kwekhanda, bese isakazeka emzimbeni nasemlenzeni. Amabala ngamunye ahlangene futhi akhulise usayizi, enza i-foci yesilonda esibomvu. Ukushona kuqhubeka cishe izinsuku ezinhlanu. Khona-ke amabala aqala ukuphulukisa, athole umbala obomvu, emva kwalokho ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesikhumba lufiphaza. Ukuqhuma kuphelile njengoba kubonakala: ekuqaleni kuyanyamalala ekhanda, bese kuthi emzimbeni nasemlenzeni.

Izinkinga zesimungumungwane

Njengomthetho, isishukela siphumelele ekutholeni okuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izingane zakha izinkinga ezingaba nemiphumela yesikhashana kanye neyesikhathi eside. Izinkinga zesimungumungwane zingenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:

Ukuhamba ngaphandle kokunqotshwa kwesimiso sezinzwa

Izinkinga zaleli qembu zivame ukuqhuba inkambo elula futhi engalindeleke. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukuvuvukala kwendlebe ephakathi (i-otitis media), kanye nezinkinga ezivela ephepheni eliphezulu lokuphefumula, njenge-laryngitis. I-pneumonia ye-bacterial Secondary ingase ikhule: njengomthetho, ingelashwa ngama-antibiotics. Ezinye izinkinga zibandakanya isilonda esiswini kanye nesifo sofuba.

Izinkinga ze-neurological

Izinkinga ze-neurological zihlobene nokunqotshwa kwesimiso sezinzwa. Ukufiphazanyiswa komzimba kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokubamba; bahlakulela kwezinye izingane ngegciwane lesishubhu phakathi kokushisa okuphezulu. I-encephalitis (ukuvuvukala kobuchopho) iqala njengenkinga yokuyisimungumane enganeni eyodwa kwabangu-5 000. Ngokujwayelekile kwenzeka cishe ngesonto emva kokuqala kwesifo; kuyilapho izingane zikhalaza ngekhanda. Nakuba sisesimungumungqungqungqungqangi, njengoba kunesifo esithile segciwane lesifo esidalwa yi-viral esenzeka nge-fever, ikhanda lekhanda lenzeke kaningi nge-encephalitis, lihambisana nokulala nokuthukuthela.

Izimpawu ze-encephalitis yesimungumungwane

Izingane ezine-measles encephalitis zibukeka zigula, zikhathele futhi zilele, kodwa futhi zibonisa izimpawu zokukhathazeka nokujabula. Ngokumelene nesimo se-encephalitis ezinganeni, isimo sezempilo sibuhlungu, ukuqhuma kungaxhuma. Kancane kancane ingane iwela e-coma. Ukufa kwe-encephalitis yesimungumungwane ngu-15%, okusho ukuthi ingane ngayinye yesikhombisa efa iyafa. Ku-25-40% yabantwana abasinda, kunezinkinga zesikhathi eside ze-neurologic, okubandakanya ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwesifo sokukhubazeka komzimba nokufunda ubunzima. Ukuhlukumezeka kwe-panencephalitis (Sclerosing panencephalitis) (PSPE) kuyinkimbinkimbi engavamile yenkambo ehlala isikhathi eside futhi ekhubaza. Kwenzeka ku-1 kwabangu-100 000 abantwana abaye banesisulu, kodwa abazange bazibonakalise cishe iminyaka eyisikhombisa ngemva kokugula. Isiguli siqala izimpawu ezingavamile ze-neurologic, kuhlanganise nokunyakaza okungahambisani nomzimba, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwenkulumo nokubona kombono. Sekuyiminyaka eminingana lesi sifo siqhubeka futhi sithatha isimo esibi kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhubazeka komzimba kanye nokukhubazeka okwenyukayo kuthuthuka. Ukuxilongwa kwe-SSPE ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukubeka ngokushesha, kodwa lesi sifo singasolwa ngokubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo. Ukuxilongwa kufakazelwa ukutholakala kwamagciwane okuyisimungumzimba egazini nase-cerebrospinal fluid, kanye nezinguquko zesici ezinamandla ezakhiweni ze-bioelectric ku-EEG. Ezinganeni ezinesifo esingenakukhubazeka, isirabhu ngokuvamile ikhula kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside: impilo yabo ibhekene nenhlalakahle yezingane ezinokukhubazeka okuvamile; ngokuvamile ziba nezinkinga kanye nokufa okuphakeme. Phakathi kweziguli ezingenayo i-immunode (kuhlanganise neziguli zomdlavuza), i-giant cell pneumonia iyinkimbinkimbi evamile. kungaphetha ngomphumela obulalayo. Akukho ukwelashwa okunomsoco wesimungumungwane, nakuba isifo sesimungumane sesifo sesimungumane singasetshenziswa nge-antiviral drug ribavirin kwifomu ye-aerosol.

Ukugonywa

Ukunciphisa isifo sesimungumzimba kuhlotshaniswa nokwethulwa komuthi wokugoma we-measles esebenzayo kuma-60s ekhulwini lokugcina (e-USSR, ukugoma okukhulu ngokumelene nesishukela kwaqala ngo-1968). Ngaphambi kokugoma, izigungqungqimba zamashukela zahlukahluka ku-600 kuya ku-2000 amacala kubantu abayi-100 000 eminyakeni ehlukene. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-2000, lesi sibonakaliso eRussia sasivele singaphansi komuntu oyedwa ngezinkulungwane eziyikhulu, futhi ngo-2010 umgomo kwakuwukuba ukunciphise kuze kube yilapho.