Ubhubhane lwe-parotitis (izimpungushe) yisifo esithathelwanayo esichazwa ukunqotshwa kwezitho ezigulisayo kanye nesistimu enkulu yezinzwa (CNS). Kakade iminyaka engama-400 ngaphambi kwe-BC. e. U-Hippocrates uqale wachaza i-parotitis yesifo. Izimpawu zalesi sifo zenzeka emisebenzini yeCelsus neGalen. Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVIII, ulwazi mayelana ne-epidemiology kanye nomtholampilo walokhu ukutheleleka kuye kwaqoqwa.
I-agent causative of mumps igciwane le-genus Paramyxovirus. It is inactivated ngokuphelele at lokushisa 55-60 ° C (for 20 min), nge UV irradiation; uzwela ngesenzo se-0.1% se-formalin isisombululo, i-1% ye-lysol, i-50% yotshwala. Ku-4 ° C, ukutheleleka kwegciwane kuyashintsha izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngo -20 ° C kuqhubeka amasonto amaningana, kanti -50 ° C ihlala izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Umthombo wesifo ngumntwana ogulayo ezinsukwini zokugcina zesikhathi sokutshala (isikhathi esisodwa noma ezimbili ngaphambi kokuvela kwesithombeni somtholampilo) kuze kube usuku lweshumi nesishiyagalolunye sesifo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, igciwane lihlukaniswe nomzimba wesiguli ngamathe. Ukwelashwa okunzima kunazo zonke kubonakala ezinsukwini ezintathu zokuqala ezinhlanu kusukela ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo. Ukutheleleka kudluliselwa ngamaconsi emvelo ngenkathi kuxoxwa, ukukhwehlela, ukugcoba. Kukhona amathuba okutheleleka ngokusebenzisa izinto zasendlini, amathoyizi, njll. Ngenxa yokungabi khona kwezimo ze-catarrhal ezigulini ezinokutheleleka kwe-mumps, kanye namathele angenasiphelo kuwo, ukutheleleka kwenzeka kuphela ekuziphatheni okubi.
Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke njengomthombo wokutheleleka iziguli ezinezinhlobo ezicishiwe noma ezingenakuqhathaniswa zalesi sifo, okuyinto enzima ukuyiqonda futhi ngaleyo ndlela ihlukaniswe namaqembu ezingane. Kukhona idatha mayelana nokutheleleka kokudluliswa kwesifo socansi kanye nokutheleleka kwe-intrauterine ye-fetus. Ukwehluleka kwamakhamera kuphezulu kakhulu. Izingane ezineminyaka ephakathi kuka-2 no-10 ubudala zigula kakhulu. Izingane ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ziphikisana nalokhu ukutheleleka, ngoba zine-immuncental immunity.
I-parotitis ibhalwa njengamacala ahlukile, kanye nokuqubuka kwezifo. Ukwandiswa okuvame kakhulu ekufweni kwemithi kwenzeka ebusika nasentwasahlobo. Isigameko sikhulu phakathi kwezingane ezimaqembu. Ngemuva kokutheleleka, kuvame ukukhiqizwa igciwane lesandulela ngculaza elihlala njalo. Isifo esivamile esinezinambuzane asivamile
Isango lokungena lokutheleleka liyi-membrane emangcwabeni yendlela yokuphefumula emgodini womlomo, kanye nesikhumba somswakama iso.
Izimpawu .
Ukutheleleka kwe-parotitis ngokuvamile kuthinta ama-gland (parotitis), okungenzeka kuhilela i-submandibular (submaxillitis) nezinhlayiya ezingezansi (sublinguitis), ama-pancreas (pancreatitis). I-meningitis ejulile ivame kakhulu. Ukubonakaliswa okungajwayelekile futhi okulukhuni kokutheleleka kungumamaingoencephalitis. Kumele kugcizelelwe ukuthi, ngokuvumelana nemibono yesimanje, izilonda zamalungu amancane (i-orchitis noma i-pancreatitis) noma i-CNS (i-meningitis) uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka kwe-parotitis kufanele kubhekwe njengokubonakaliswa kwayo, kodwa akuyona inkinga.
Ngokwezigaba zesimanje, izinhlobo zalokhu ukutheleleka ziyahlukahluka kohlobo nokuqina. Amafomu ajwayelekile afaka: izilonda zezitho ezigcoba - ezikude noma ezihlangene (ifomu elibizayo); ukunqotshwa kwesimiso sezinzwa eziphakathi (ifomu lezinzwa); i-lesion yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-glandular ne-CNS (ifomu elihlangene). I-Atypical ifaka ifomu elicishiwe nelingaqedi. Ngokuqina, amaphaphu, ubukhulu obukhulu kanye nezinhlobo ezimbi zesifo ziyahlukahluka, ubunzima bezinhlayiya ezithintekayo (eyodwa noma ngaphezulu), ukuqina kwesibindi, izinga lokulimala kwe-CNS (ubukhulu bezimpawu ze-meningeal ne-encephalitic), izinga lokudakwa.
Isikhathi sokugxilwa kwe-epidemic parotitis sithatha ezinsukwini ezingu-11 kuya kwezingu-23 (ngokwesilinganiso se-18-20). Lesi sifo siqala emva kwesikhashana se-1-2 day prodromal noma ngaphandle kweprodrome. Ngokujwayelekile ukushisa kuphakama kuya ku-38 - 39 ° С. Iziguli zivame ukukhononda ngekhanda, ubuhlungu phambi komngcwabo wangaphandle wokuhlola futhi esifundeni se-partid salivary gland, ubuhlungu lapho ukuhlafuna nokugwinya. Kukhona ukuvuvukala komgogodla we-parotid we-salivary ohlangothini olulodwa, futhi ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2 kamuva umgogodla uzovuvuka ohlangothini oluphambene. I-auricle ekhuphuke kakhulu kwi-gland iyaphuma, futhi i-lobe yendlebe iphakama phezulu
I-submaxillite cishe ihlala ihlangene nama-mumps, okungaqabukeli - okuhlukile. Izilonda zomzimba ezimbili zibhekene nezinguquko ezilinganiselwe emiphakathini yezifunda ezincane (ukuvuvukala), ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezingaphansi. Ngesilonda esisodwa, i-asymmetry ebusweni nokuvuvukala kolunye uhlangothi ibonakala. Ekulweni, ukucindezela phakathi komhlathi ophansi kanye nesibindi kuyabonakala. Ukwanda kwezinhlayiya ezithintekile kuqhubeka kuze kube yilapho usuku lwesithathu lwesishiyagalolunye lwesifo, i-edema, nobubele luvame ukunyamalala ngosuku lwesithupha kuya ku-9 lesi sifo.
Cishe uphawu oluqhubekayo lwe-parotitis kubafana i- orchitis. Isihloko esisodwa sihilelekile kule nqubo, kepha ukunqoba kokubili kungenzeka. I-Orchitis iqala ngosuku lwesishiyagalombili nesikhombisa lesi sifo. Esikhathini samathemikhali nasendaweni yokulima, kunezinhlungu ezanda ngokunyakaza. Ukushisa kuphakama, ukubola nokukhanda. I-testicle ikhuliswe izikhathi ezingu-2-3, ihlanganiswe, kukhona ubuhlungu obunzima ekugqeni, isikhumba phezu kwayo sibomvu. Lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka izinsuku ezingu-6-7 futhi ziphele kancane kancane.
Nge-parotitis, amantombazane asekhulile ngezinye izikhathi abhekana nokubandakanyeka kwe-ovary (oophoritis), i-bartholinitis (i-bartholinitis) nezigulane ezincelisayo (imastitis)
I-Pancreatitis iqala ngemuva kokunqotshwa kwezingqungquthela zomzimba, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ziqala ngaphambi kwayo noma yiyona kuphela ukubonakaliswa kwesifo. Iziguli ezinezinambuzane, ukuhlanza okuphindaphindiwe, ukuchotshozwa okumakwe, ngezinye izikhathi ubuhlungu besisu, okutholakala endaweni yesigodi, hypochondrium kwesokunxele noma kwinkaba. Kukhona ukuvinjelwa, ukuqothulwa, futhi okungajwayelekile ukuba nesitoreji esivulekile. Lezi zenzakalo zihambisana nekhanda, izikhukhula, umkhuhlane. Uma kukhishwa isisu, ukuhlukumeza kwemisipha yodonga lwamathumbu kubonakala. Uma lezi zimpawu zihlangene ne-lesion yezingqungquthela zomzimba noma isiguli sithathwe ematheni omzimba, khona-ke ukuxilongwa kwenziwa lula. Inkambo ye-pancreatitis uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka kwe-mumps kuhle. Izibonakaliso zezilonda ze-pancreatic zanyamalala emva kwezinsuku ezingu-5-10
I-serous meningitis iwukubonakaliswa njalo kwe-parotitis ukutheleleka ezinganeni. Ngokuvamile kuhlangene nezilonda zezingcingo futhi ziqala izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezi-6 emva kokuqala kwezimpungushe. Kulesi simo, kukhona hyperthermia, ikhanda, ukuhlanza. Kungase kube nokugubha, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi. Inkambo ye-serous meningitis e-mumps iningi ezimnandi. Izimpawu zomtholampilo ze-meningitis ngokuvamile azihlali ezinsukwini ezingu-5-8
Ukubonakaliswa okungavamile kokutheleleka kwamangqamuzana kungukuthi i-meningoencephalitis, izimpawu zazo ezivame ukuvela emva kosuku lwesihlanu lwesifo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubonakala ukuthi i-adynamia, ukuvimbela, ukulala, ukuphazamiseka, ukulahlekelwa yocwaningo. Khona-ke kukhona izimpawu ezisemqoka ze-cerebral, mhlawumbe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-paresis yezinzwa ze-cranial, hemiparesis. Ezimweni eziningi, i-meningoencephalitis iphela kahle.
Isibikezelo se-parotitis cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi sihle .
Izinkinga azivamile. Ngokulimala kwamanye amazwe ematendeni, i-atticphy testicular nokuphela kwe-spermatogenesis kungenzeka. I-Meningitis ne-meningoencephalitis ingaholela ku-paresis noma ukukhubazeka kwezinzwa ze-cranial, ukulimala kwenzalo yokuhlola.
Ukwelashwa kwe-parotitis kuyisimangaliso. Esikhathini esibucayi sesifo, ukuphumula kombhede kuboniswa. Ukugcina ukushisa ezindaweni ezithintekile, kunconywa ukushisa okumile. Ukudla kwamanzi, ukugcoba njalo komlomo. Ngomkhuhlane kanye nekhanda kuncoma i-paracetamol, i-nurofen, njll. Nge-orchitis iboniswa ukusetshenziswa kokumisa okwesikhashana. Uma ecatshangwa ukuthi i-pancreatitis, isiguli kumele sitholwe esibhedlela. Vimbela ukudla kwamaprotheni namafutha kuze kuphele ukuphela kokudla kwezinsuku ezingu-1-2.
Ukuvimbela. Iziguli ezinezinambuzane zihlukanisiwe ekhaya noma esibhedlela (ngezindlela ezinzima). Okwamanje, kunesimo esithile sokuvimbela ama-mumps. Ukugonywa nokugoma okwenziwe kahle kuyenziwa uma uneminyaka engu-15-18 ubudala, kanyekanye nokugoma ngokumelene nerubella nesimungumungwane.