Lokhu kudideka kungaholela ekudleni okudlulele ngokweqile noma, ngokuphambene, nesimo sengqondo esingathí sina esibhekene nesimo; Kuzo zombili izimo ukusabela ngeke kube okwanele, ukwelashwa kuzobe kubambezeleka. Iziphi izifo zesisu zomzimba ezikhona kanye nokuthi zingabanqoba kanjani, thola kusihloko esithi "Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezithintekayo emntwaneni".
Ukudla Kwemfuyo
Uketshezi kokudla, ikakhulukazi ehlobo, kuvame ukubangelwa yi-salmonella futhi kubhekisela ezinhlotsheni ze-gastroenteritis, okuyizona ezibangela ukwelashwa okuvamile kakhulu ku "First Aid". I-Gastroenteritis - isifo esiswini namathumbu, ibangela ukutheleleka kwegciwane noma igciwane. Kungatheleleka ngokuxhumana nesiguli. Ukusabalala kwesifo ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha isisindo saleso sifo. Enye indlela yokutheleleka yikusetshenziswa kwamanzi angcolile noma ukudla okuyi-stale. Izimpawu ze-gastroenteritis ne-salmonellosis zivame ukuvela ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-1-3 emva kokutheleleka, kubandakanya ukuhuda nokuhlanza, ukushisa nokushisa kwesisu. Iqembu leengozi ephezulu lihlanganisa izingane, kanye nabantu asebekhulile nabagulayo, abasengozini ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuphuma emanzini, okwandisa i-gastroenteritis. Kubalulekile ukucabangela izinyathelo zokuvimbela, ikakhulu ehlobo:
- Gcina amehlo amaqanda kanye nezitsha zihlanganisa - imayonnaise, amasaladi, amasoso, amapeyi avulekile kanye nama-dessert.
- Isaladi eluhlaza, izithelo eluhlaza kanye nemifino kufanele ihlanzwe kahle.
- Uma udla ngaphandle kwendlu, qaphela ukugcinwa nokuphathwa kwezinkukhu, inhlanzi nenyama.
- Thenga izinhlanzi zasolwandle kuphela kubadayisi abanokwethenjelwa.
- Qaphela izinhlanzi eziluhlaza, ama-sausage, inyama ebandayo.
- Ibhodlela lebhola lokudla kufanele lisetshenziswe futhi ligcinwe ekuhlanzeni okungavamile.
- Amanzi okuphuza kufanele abe amabhodlela noma abilisiwe.
I-Botulism
Lesi sifo esithathelwanayo sibangelwa ubuthi beClostridium botulinum bacillus, umphumela wesenzo sabo kungase kube ukukhubazeka kwesimiso sezinzwa. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-botulism: i-botulism yokudla (uma udla ukudla kucocekile nge-toxin), i-botulism yobuntwana (ngokusakazeka kwamagciwane ezincane emathunjini, lapho ikhulula khona i-toxins etholakalayo futhi ibangele izimpawu) kanye ne-botulism yamanxeba (ukukhiqizwa kwe-clostridia ngamanxeba). Izimpawu ezivame ukwedlula zonke umlomo owomile, umbono ophindwe kabili, ubunzima bokuphatha izihloko ezihlobene, ubunzima bokugwinya nokukhuluma. Izimpawu zesisu (isicasuli, ukuhlanza, izigaxa kanye nesifo sohudo) singabonakalisa kanyekanye nalabo okubalwe ngenhla noma ngaphambi kwabo. Ubuhlungu obukhulu futhi obungapheli kwesisu, colic. Ubuhlungu esiswini ngokuvamile buvela ezinganeni, kungaba nezinhlobo ezahlukene nobude. Ubuhlungu obukhulu bungabangela:
- Gastroenteritis elula.
- Colic. Uma ubuhlungu besisu esiswini besenzeke ngesikhathi esifanayo nokukhala, ukugoba imilenze, i-pallor, i-lethargy, ukubukeka kwegazi emanzini noma emanzini, udokotela kufanele axhumane ngokushesha. Ngisho noma zonke lezi zenzakalo zibangelwa nje nge-colic, ukungenelela kwezokwelapha kuyadingeka ukuze kusungulwe isizathu esiqondile.
- Ukuqoqwa kwegesi (flatulence).
- Appendicitis. Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo buhambisana nesifo somkhuhlane, ukuhlanza nokuqothulwa, ubuhlungu kancane kancane bugxila engxenyeni engezansi kwesigxobo esiswini.
- Uma ubuhlungu buhambisana nezimpawu ze-urologic nobuhlungu esifundeni se-lumbar, kanye nokushisa, kungabonisa ukutheleleka kohlelo lwe-genitourinary (i-cystitis, i-pyelonephritis).
- Ezinye izimbangela: i-pancreatitis, i-peritonitis. Kulezi zimo, ubuhlungu buhambisana ne-fever ephezulu, isisu sesisimeme, isimo somzimba esijwayelekile sibi kakhulu. Uma ubuhlungu besisu buhlala buhlala njalo (okungukuthi, buyaqhubeka izikhathi eziningana ngenyanga), kungase kube nezizathu eziningana:
- Mhlawumbe, ubuhlungu buhlotshaniswa nokuthukuthela kwamathumbu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezilula futhi ezizimele.
- Ubuhlungu bungaba umphumela wokubuyiselwa kwe-pancreatitis, izinso kanye nezifo ze-gallbladder, colic, njll.
Njengoba ubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini, okwakuqala okokuqala, udokotela uzokwenza isinqumo ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kanye ne-anamnesis. Ubuhlungu bungabangelwa kokubili ngamacala adinga ukungenelela okuphuthumayo, isibonelo, ukufakwa kwesisu, hhayi izifo eziyingozi kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyasiza ukugcina isiguli amahora ambalwa ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile.
I-Appendicitis
Kulezi zifo ezivamile zomzimba ezitholakala eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala yokuphila, ukufakwa kwesifiso kuningi kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi isigxobo esiswini somzimba sigcwele i-membrane - i-peritoneum, ukuvuvukala kwesithasiselo kungasakazeka ngokushesha futhi kubangele isifo esibucayi nesongela ukuphila - i-peritonitis. Uphawu olubaluleke kunazo zonke lwe-appendicitis ubuhlungu, okwakungenakwenzeka endaweni yangakini, kodwa ekugcineni lugxila engxenyeni engezansi kwesiguli (isifunda se-ileum). Lokhu ubuhlungu kungaba okuqhubekayo noma okuphakathi. Ingane idonsa unyawo lwakhe lokunene esiswini ukuze kukhululwe ubuhlungu, kodwa ayithinti ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi yesisu, lapho ubuhlungu buzwa khona. Ukunciphisa kanye nokucabangela kungenzeka (kwezinye izimo, ngaphambi kokuqala kobuhlungu). Ezinye izimpawu zihlanganisa umkhuhlane, ikhanda, ukungahambi kahle okubangelwa ukukhanya nomsindo, ukuphefumula, ulimi olushelelayo.
I-hepatitis
Lokhu ukuvuvukala kwesibindi, ngokuvamile okuhlobene nokutheleleka ngegciwane. Ukuvuvukala kungaba nobukhulu obuhlukile, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuholela ekubhujisweni kwezicubu zesibindi. Kukhona amagciwane amaningi angabangela ukushisa kwesibindi ezinganeni.
- Ama-Viruses abangela i-hepatitis: kuze kube yimanje, ahlonza izinhlobo ezingu-6 eziyinhloko - i-hepatitis A, B, C, D, E ne-G.
- I-Cytomegalovirus (CMV) ibhekisela emndenini we-herpes virus, idluliselwa kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu.
- I-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-mononucleosis esithathelwanayo.
- I-Herpes simplex virus (HSV) ithinta kakhulu ubuso, isikhumba ngaphezu kwesiqhwa nesisu.
- I-virus ye-Chickenpox (VZV), ngoba enye yezinkinga zezinkukhu zingase zibe yi-hepatitis.
- I-Enteroviruses: iqembu lama-virus ngokuvamile atholakala ezinganeni, njengegciwane le-Coxsackie, okwenza i-aphthous pharyngitis, noma i-echovirus.
- Ruby igciwane, kubangela rubella.
- I-Parvovirus, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isifo sesihlanu", ibhekene nokuqhuma ebusweni, lapho izihlathi eziluhlaza.
I-Hepatitis A yiyona ndlela evame kakhulu yokushisa kwesibindi ezinganeni. Kubangele igciwane elimnyama. Ngokuvamile, ukutheleleka nge-hepatitis enjalo kwenzeka uma uxhumane namazinyo, kanye nokudla ukudla noma amanzi okudliwayo ngamanqamu aqukethe igciwane. I-Hepatitis A nayo isakazwa ngokusebenzisa ukusika, okwakusetshenziswa ngaphambilini ngumthwali wesifo.
Izimpawu zifana nezimpawu zomkhuhlane:
- Ukushisa, ukucabangela, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo.
- Ukulahlekelwa isifiso, ukwehlisa ubuhlungu, ubuhlungu noma ukunganaki esiswini, ubuhlungu emisipha kanye namalungu.
- Ukubamba amabala okubomvu esikhumbeni.
- Ukunyamala komchamo kanye ne-icterus (ubuchopho besikhumba nesklamu).
Udokotela uzozihlola ngesisekelo se-anamnesis kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwelabhoratri. I-ultrasound ne-biopsy yebindi kunconywa kwezinye izimo ezihlobene nezinhlobo ezingavamile ze-hepatitis.
Ama-parasite emathunjini
Ama-parasite emathunjini ayimvelo edla izakhi ezinomzimba womuntu futhi ahlala emaphethelweni emathunjini. Iningi lama-parasite angahlukana ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:
- I-protozoa, i-microspores (amoebae, guardia, cryptosporidia) kanye ne-multicellular, okuyizibungu, isibonelo, nxazonke (oxyuras, ascarids, trichocephales, hookworms, nekator, strongyloid, toxocar). Izimpawu zezifo ezithathelwanayo zixhomeke kulokho okubangelwa khona; eziningi
Indlela yokugwema izifo ezithathelwanayo:
Uma ukungcola kwamanzi kungenangqondo, kufanele kubiliswe, kuhlungwe, ku-ozonized bese kudakwa. Ukudla okusha, ikakhulukazi izithelo nemifino, kufanele kugezwe kahle ngaphambi kokuphuza ngamanzi okuphuza. Kubalulekile ukufundisa ingane ukuba igeze izandla ngaphambi kokudla, emva kokuya endlini yangasese futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ngemuva kokudlala esihlabathini. Ingane akufanele ihambe ingubo yezicathulo lapho kungenzeka khona imithombo yokutheleleka. Zonke izihlobo zomntwana oye waba nesifo se-parasitic kumele adlulise umcengezi wokuhlaziywa, ngisho noma zingenayo izimpawu, zingaba izidumbu. Ukuphumelela kwamakhambi asekhaya akuqinisekisiwe, ngakho-ke ungasebenzisi ama-laxatives, ungabeki umuthi wokwelashwa nge-enemas nokunye okunjalo. Ezimweni ezinalezi zifo, akukho ukukhathazeka nhlobo. I-protozoa ibangele izimpawu zamathumbu emathunjini (isifo sohudo, ubuhlungu bokuvuvukala nesisu); Ama-multicellular ayiniki nje kuphela lezi zimpawu, kodwa futhi ukuhluleka okujwayelekile (ubuthakathaka, ubuhlungu, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ukuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco, i-anemia, ukukhwehlela okungapheli, ukugwinya, njll).
Izifo ze-Genitourinary
Izifo zesimiso se-genitourinary, njengombuso, zivela emagciwane, ikakhulukazi izifo ezithathelwanayo ze-urethra (urethritis), isisu (cystitis) nezinso (pyelonephritis). Ukutheleleka kwe-Genitourinary ebuntwaneni (ngokuvamile eminyakeni yokuqala 2) kuvamile kunanoma yisiphi esinye isikhathi sokuphila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ebuntwaneni lezi zifo ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu: ezinganeni ezincane ukukhiqizwa kokutheleleka, ukwelashwa kanye nokwelashwa okungenzeka, ezinganeni ezindala, ukutheleleka kwe-genito-urinary, ikakhulukazi ngokuphindaphindiwe, kubangele ukukhubazeka kwezinso futhi kuholele ezifweni ezingenasifo zezinso. Ezinganeni ezincane (ezineminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala), uphawu olulodwa kuphela lungase lube nomkhuhlane. Ezinye izibonakaliso: i-urine efudumele nge-putrefactive odor, hhayi ukutholakala kwesisindo esanele ngokushesha, ukuhlanza, ukukhala njalo, njll. Ngenxa yokuthi kubantwana abancane kunzima ukuqaphela ukutheleleka kwe-urinary ngezimpawu, odokotela bavame ukuqinisekiswa ukuhlolwa kwe-urinalysis. Ezinganeni ezindala, izimpawu zihlotshaniswa nokuvuthwa - ukuvutha, ukuncenga okuqhubekayo, ngezinye izikhathi umchamo ube negazi, i-turbid, nephunga le-putrefactive. Uma ukutheleleka kuye kwaphazamisa izinso (pyelonephritis), umkhuhlane, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu ngakwesokudla noma kwesobunxele besifunda se-lumbar (ngasemuva ongemuva, nganoma iyiphi ingxenye yomgogodla) kungenzeka. Kuzo zonke izimo, kunconywa isiphuzo esivulekile. Uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, unike ingane imithi evamile ye-antipyretic (i-paracetamol, ibuprofen, njll). Manje siyazi ukuthi izifo ezithathelwanayo zezifo ziphi.