Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu osuleleke nge-AIDS uba sengozini kumagciwane nama-microbes.
I-HIV yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokuvamile lesi sifo asibonisi izimpawu futhi indlela ethembekile kuphela yokuyithola ukuthi idlulise uhlolo lwe-HIV.
Kodwa kwezinye izimo kunezibonakaliso zokuqala ezinkingeni ze-AIDS: ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa emva kokutheleleka, umuntu onesandulela ngculazi angathola imfiva ibe ngu-37.5 - 38, ukuzwa okungathandeki embuzweni webhola lapho egwinya, ama-lymph nodes akhula, izindawo ezibomvu zivela umzimba, kaningi isifo se-stool, ukujula ebusuku nokukhathala okwandayo.
Ngemuva kokubonakaliswa okuyisisekelo kwalesi sifo, umuntu uzizwa ephilile ngokuphelele. Ngezinye izikhathi, kubonakala sengathi igciwane selilahlekile ngokuphelele egazini. Lesi yisiteji sokutheleleka okulindelekile, kepha i-HIV ingatholakala ku-adenoids, i-spleen, i-tonsils ne-lymph nodes. Ngeke ukwazi ukuthola ukuthi bangaki abantu abazoya esigabeni esilandelayo sesifo. Ukubheka kubonisa ukuthi abantu abayisishiyagalolunye kwabayishumi bazozwa ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinkinga zempilo.
Ukuhlolwa kwabadokotela baseSan Francisco kubonise ukuthi uma kungenjalo ukusebenzisa imithi entsha, i-AIDS izokhula eminyakeni engama-10 ku-50% yesandulela ngculaza, ngo-70% - kungakapheli iminyaka engu-14. Amaphesenti angu-94 kulabo asebevele benesandulela ngculaza cishe bafa eminyakeni emihlanu. Izifo zingaqala ukuqhubeka uma kunesifo esithile sokuzivikela. Lokhu kusebenza endaweni yokuqala kubantu abakuthiwa yiqembu eliyingozi, ngokwesibonelo, izidakamizwa ezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa izidakamizwa noma izidakamizwa. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kuhamba kancane kulabo bantu abawelashwa.
Odokotela abaningi kanye nososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi uma isikhathi eside (iminyaka engamashumi amabili noma ngaphezulu) engasekeli iziguli ezine-HIV, ngakho-ke cishe bonke bazofa nge-AIDS, ngaphandle kwalokho, ngalesi sikhathi abatholi ukufa ngomdlavuza noma ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo .
Khona-ke kufika isigaba esilandelayo, esibangela ukubhujiswa kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Lokhu akusebenzi ezibonisweni zokuqala ezifweni ze-AIDS. Isigaba sesibili sandulela ukuguqulwa kwamagciwane okucashile, lapho igciwane liba ludlame ekubhujisweni kwamaseli. Ukwanda kwama-lymph nodes ngaphansi kwezingalo kanye nentamo kwanda futhi kungahlala kulesi simiso isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukunyuka okujwayelekile okungavamile kuma-lymph nodes.
Lesi sifo singase singabonakali nganoma iyiphi indlela phakathi neminyaka eyi-10-12, futhi lesi yisikhathi esidlula ngokungabikho kokwelashwa kusukela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka nge-HIV ku-AIDS. Ngezinye izikhathi ukutheleleka kungabonakala ngokunyuka kwama-lymph nodes amaningana - ngaphezu kwe-clavicle, ngaphambili noma emaceleni entanyeni, ekuguleni nasezingaphansi kwezingalo.
Njengoba ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kukhula, kunciphisa isimiso somzimba sogciwane, umuntu osulelekile unezibonakaliso eziyinhloko zezifo ze-AIDS ezingase ziphulukiswe kalula futhi zidluliswe ngumuntu onempilo, zingaholela esimweni esiyingozi. Ukuthuthukisa izifo zamalungu angaphakathi, kancane kancane kuholela ekufeni. Isifo sofuba, i-herpes, i-pneumonia nezinye izifo, ezibizwa ngokuthi izifo ezithatha amathuba. Ziholela kaningi emiphumeleni enzima, futhi lesi sigaba sokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kuthiwa yi-AIDS (etholakale e-immunodeficiency syndrome). Kulesi sigaba, ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kuvuselelwa njengesifo esibucayi, isiguli sesinye isikhathi asikwazi ngisho nokuma futhi senze izenzo eziyisisekelo ezizimele. Ukunakekela iziguli ezinjalo ngokuvamile izihlobo ekhaya.
Uma ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngesikhathi, ukwelashwa okunamandla kwe-HIV kungalimaza ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo isikhathi eside kakhulu esigabeni se-AIDS futhi kulondoloze impilo ephelele isiguli. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-HIV kuvame ukuhambisana nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ezidluliselwa ngocansi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ingozi empilweni yesiguli iyanda, ngenxa yokutholakala kwezifo ezithintekayo emzimbeni. Ukuvela kwezifo ezinjalo manje kuyinkinga enkulu emithi.
Phakathi nokuqhubeka kwesifo, isiguli siqala ukuthuthukisa nezinye izibonakaliso ezihlukahlukene ezihambisana ne-AIDS. I-wart elula noma i-abscess ingaqala ukusakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba. Isigqoko esimhlophe singakha emlonyeni, - i-stomatitis iqala, noma ezinye izinkinga ziphakama. Odokotela bamazinyo kanye namazinyo ngokuvamile bawokuqala ukunquma ukuxilongwa. Futhi, ama-herpes noma ama-shingles asesimweni esibi angase athuthuke (amabhaltri, abuhlungu kakhulu, akha i-band esikhunjeni esikhanyayo). Ukuzwela ukuzwa ukukhathala okungapheli, kulahlekelwa ngamaphesenti angu-10 esisisindo, isifo sohudo singapheli isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga, kukhona ukujula okukhulu ebusuku. Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV ngokuvamile kuzoba kuhle kulokhu. Ngezinye izikhathi lesi sigaba sibizwa ngokuthi "isakhiwo esihambisana ne-AIDS".
Njengoba ujwayele uhlu lwezimpawu ezinjalo, noma ubani angakwazi ukwesaba kalula, njengoba sonke siqala ukucabanga ukuthi sinalokhu noma leso sifo lapho sifunda ngakho. Ukuhuda kwesikhashana akusho ukuthi kutholakale ukuxilongwa okunjenge-AIDS. Futhi ayiniki imbangela enjalo ye-fever, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ama-lymph nodes akhulisiwe nokukhathala. Zonke lezi zimpawu zingabangela izifo ezivamile. Ngakho uma ungabaza ngalokhu, khona-ke udinga ukuvakashela umtholampilo noma udokotela ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa.