Ukugqoka okumhlophe kungaba uphawu lwe-thrush, noma i-candidiasis, - esinye sezifo ezivame ukuzalwa kwezinsana nezinsana. (Ezinye izibonakaliso ziyimizwa evamile, ukwenqatshelwa kwebele.) Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngemuva kokubonisana nodokotela wezingane. Ngokujwayelekile, i-mucosa yomlomo iphathwa nge-swab ehlanganiswe nesisombululo se-baking soda (isipuni esisodwa samanzi abilisiwe - isipuni sikasawoti); Inqubo yenziwa njalo amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu, ungakhohlwa ukucubungula i-pacifier. Kodwa ezinganeni ezindala umbala ophuzi noma obomvu olimini ubonisa ukwephulwa komgudu wamathumbu; lokhu kuvame ukutholakala ngemuva kokuthatha ama-antibiotic noma nge-dysbiosis. Izimpendulo zemibuzo yabomama esikhathini esizayo zikhona esihlokweni sethu.
"Kungani enezandla ezibandayo?"
Impendulo. Ezinganeni, ukushisa kwe-thermoregulation kusengumntwana, izandla nezinyawo ezibandayo akuwona uphawu lokugula, uma impumu nentamo ifudumele ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kodwa uma umntwana enomkhuhlane futhi izandla zakhe nezinyawo ziqhwa, ungakhuluma nge-spasm yemikhumbi yangasese. Ukwamukela izidakamizwa ze-vasodilator kuvimbela lesi simo, akuyona ingozi ukuthi odokotela base-ambulensi kanye ne-antipyretics banikeza ingane yokushisa lokushisa futhi i-diphenhydramine. Lapho esekhulile, ehlala ebandayo noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, izintende zezithungo zingakhuluma ngokunyuka okukhulu kwesimiso sezinzwa.
"Kungani esaba kangaka?"
Impendulo. Ukuqonda kanjani ukuthi ingane isaba, isibonelo, umsindo okhaliphile? Isibonakaliso somphumela kaMoro: ingane iqhuma, ikhule ngokukhula! izandla ezinhlangothini futhi, njengokungathi uzama ukubamba okuthile, bese uqala ukumemeza. Uma umyalo onjalo ugcinwa njalo, khona-ke umntwana unesimiso sezinzwa esibucayi kakhulu. Kodwa akufanele uphuze i-valerian encane (iphikisana nezinsana), kungcono ukuzicindezela wena bese unikeza isifuba - uyomangala ukuthi uzoyeka kanjani ngokushesha. Futhi khumbula ukuthi kabili kabili: udinga ukujwayelana nokuthinta kwakho nezwe elizungezile kancane kancane - ungenzi ukunyakaza okubukhali, ukufakela ucingo bese uvala umnyango kancane kancane.
"Kungani ekhathazeka ngephupho?"
Impendulo. Isizathu siwukuthi amaqembu ahlukene emisipha alele futhi avuse ngokungalingani nokucindezeleka. Uma ukuqhuma kwenzeka phakathi nobusuku, emabhakeni, khona-ke ingane kufanele iboniswe kwi-neurologist yezingane: lokhu kungaba ukubonakaliswa kwesifo se-convulsive syndrome. Ukufiphaza njalo lapho ulala ngephutha ngezinye izikhathi kubonisa ukuphazamiseka: lesi sifo sandisa ukuzwakalisa ukwesaba.
"Kungani edideka usuku nobusuku?"
Impendulo. Isifiso sokulala emntwaneni kulula "ukuthusa". Yingakho ingane engadingeki "ukuhambahamba" ngaphambi kokulala - kuyasiza kakhulu ukugcina umkhuba wokupakisha. Ngezinye izikhathi imbangela yokudideka yukuphulwa kwama-biorhythms. Uma ingane ilele emini, yenza imikhosi enomsindo ebusuku, ukucela usizo lokukhanya: phakathi nosuku lapho i-crumb kufanele ivuke, igumbi kufanele likhanyise (ngisho nasebusika), futhi kusihlwa, liwugubungele kusihlwa, kulungiswe uhlelo lwezinzwa ukulala okude nokuzwakalayo. Ukuzimela ebusuku, lapho umntwana evuka ngokuzumayo futhi kancane kancane eqala ukubamba iqhaza futhi adlale naye, kuthiwa "ukulala ukuthula" futhi akudingi ukuphazamiseka kwabazali. Ngokuqondile, zidinga ukuphazamiseka komzali: uma ungaqali ingane ukuba idle noma idle, iphupho lizofika emaminithini ambalwa.
Indlela yokwandisa inani lobisi?
Impendulo. Ku-0.5% kuphela kwabesifazane kukhona ukuhlukumeza okungathí sina nokungalingani kwe-lactation. Bonke abanye omama abanaso isizathu sokuphika ingane esifubeni. Ukunciphisa okwesikhashana ekukhiqizeni ubisi ngokumelene nesimo se-lactation esisungulwe kuyinto evamile: inkinga yokuqala yobisi iyenzeka ngenyanga, kanti "amasheya aphelelwa yisikhathi" ezinyangeni ezingu-3,7,11 nezinyanga ezingu-12. Le nkinga ihlala ezinsukwini ezingu-3-4 futhi idlula ngenxa yesicelo esivame ukusetshenziswa kwengane kuya esifubeni. Noma yiziphi izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokwandisa ubisi obisi akudingeki. Ngokuqinisekile, umama osemncane angaphuza ilitha letiyi ngobisi noma i-decoction ye-fennel, kodwa izinkokhelo eziningi kanye nezindleko zokuthuthukisa uketshezi, ngokusho kwe-WHO, akuzona ukwelashwa okunzima njengokungathi kwengqondo, Futhi ukusimama kokuncelisa, ukulala okuhle ebusuku kuyadingeka kusuka ku-3 kuze kube amahora angu-8: ngalesi sikhathi ukuthi i-prolactin eningi ikhiqizwa - i-hormone ebhekene nokukhiqizwa ubisi.
"Kungani ekhala izinyembezi emehlweni akhe?"
Impendulo. Ukuvuvukala komgwaqo obizayo - i-dacryocystitis - kuyinto evamile kakhulu ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha; imbangela - ukuvinjelwa okuphelele noma okuyingxenye yomswakamalo obulalayo. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukukhombisa le kid kwi-ophthalmologist yezingane, ikakhulukazi uma "izinyembezi" zifakwa esikhundleni sokuvalwa kwemfihlo. Kungenzeka ukuthi udokotela uzongcoma ukuthi i-acupressure yekhoneni langaphakathi leso. Iyenziwa ngomunwe ohlanzekile wendandatho, ngokucindezela kalula, ngokunyakaza okujikelezayo (ngokungahambisani naso futhi ngokuphambene nalokho). Ngaphambi kokusikhipha, kubalulekile ukuphatha iso elikhulayo nge-swab ikotini efakwe itiye eliqinile, elihlile ekamelweni lokushisa futhi lihlungwa nge-gauze. Sula iso kuphela kusuka ekhoneni elingaphandle kuze kube ngaphakathi. Ngeso ngalinye, sebenzisa i-swab ehlukile yothotini noma i-disc. Uma lezi zinyathelo zingasizi izinyanga ezimbalwa, udokotela angaluleka ukuhlola (ukuhlanza esibhedlela) somgwaqo wezinyembezi. Akukhona ukwesaba ukulibazisa le nqubo: uma ungaphuthelwa isikhathi, umsebenzi we-so-called sac lacrimal ungaphazanyiswa bese umsebenzi wokuhlinzwa, okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, awukwazi ukugwema.
"Futhi ngeke ngikwenze?"
Impendulo. Ngesikhathi sokugeza okokuqala, abazali bahlale besaba, kodwa akukho ndawo ongayithola: ingane idinga izinqubo zamanzi. Ngesipiliyoni, ukwesaba akukwazi ukubhekana nokunyamalala. Kunoma yikuphi, khumbulani: uma uphonsa umntwana, vumela ukuba ungene emanzini, hhayi phansi noma emaphethelweni okugeza (kuze kube izinyanga ezintathu ukucabanga kwezinto ezihambayo - ingane ingabamba umoya futhi ingadikibali).
"Kuthiwani uma engadli kahle?"
Impendulo. Ubisi buza ngosuku lwesithathu noma lwesine emva kokubeletha, ngaphambi kokuba ingane ilandele i-colostrum - uhlobo lwamandla okugaya izakhi. Ngisho nesincane esincane salanele ukuba umntwana athole konke akudingayo. Ingane elambile idlala umunwe, ivule umlomo wayo kabanzi, ikhale. Ngisho noma ngabe amahora angaphansi kwamahora amabili aqedile kusukela ekudleni okudlule, lowo ohluphekayo udinga ukondliwa. Ukwengeza, umama obeka umntwana isifuba sakhe emasontweni okuqala, ubisi obuningi bukhiqizwa. (I-lactation ngokuvamile iphakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya enyangeni eyodwa nengxenye.) Ingane ehlushwa yindlala ayihlali nje ikhale, kodwa futhi ingabonakali ngokungahleliwe i-diaper. Kodwa uma umntwana evutha njalo (usana olusanda kuzalwa lufinyelela ku-25, ingane ekhulile - okungenani izikhathi ezingu-6 ngosuku) futhi ihamba njalo nxazonke, inamandla, inelisekile, idlala, ayinayo izinkinga
Ingabe uyagula? "
Impendulo. Ukushisa kanye nekhala elihle kakhulu akuzona izibonakaliso zesifo noma isifo. Ukukhishwa okungahambi kahle emphunjini ezinganeni ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa kuyinto eyenzeka njalo: ngakho i-ambulance yamangcwaba ihlanjululwa uthuli kanye nezifo. Ama-crusts omisiwe emakhaleni ayisiginali sokuthi ingane ayinayo i-liquid eyanele, futhi umoya ekamelweni limile kakhulu. Ukushisa komzimba ezinganeni "kungalulaza" cishe ama-37 degrees. Kodwa uma ingane izwa kahle ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingabi nesisindo, ingalahlekelwa yidla, ilele ngokushesha, - cishe, ayikho isizathu sokukhathazeka.
"Ingabe unayo ukuqothula (isifo sohudo)?"
Impendulo. Konke okwenzekayo nosana kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-21-22 kubhekwa njengokuzivumelanisa nokuphila okusha. Amathumbu ayazivumelanisa nendlela entsha yokuthola ukudla nokuyigaya. Ingane esanda kuzalwa ingakwazi ukuhlukumeza ngokoqobo emva kokudla kokudla bese iqala isimiso sayo "semithambo emikhulu": isimiso singaba izikhathi eziningana ngosuku, kanye kanye ngesonto. Kubalulekile ukuthi isihlalo sithande futhi sivule, futhi umntwana ngokwakhe uzizwa kahle.