Izindlela zokuthuthukisa izingane zasenkulisa

Ukulungiselela ingane esikoleni kuqala ngokuqala komntwana, ungatshela kusukela ekuzalweni. Sihlale sihlanganyela ekwakhiweni kwezingane zethu ukuze bafunde okuningi: ukukhuluma, bazi umhlaba oseduze nathi, futhi kamuva - funda, bhala, udwebe. Ngakho-ke, silungiselela umhlabathi ovundile wokwakha ubuntu obuphumelelayo esikhathini esizayo. Kuze kube manje, amasu okuthuthukiswa kwamanje ezinsana zasenkulisa afika ekusizeni abazali abasha.

Izindlela ezithuthukayo zinikeza ingane? Okokuqala, bavumela ingane ukuba inikeze ukwaziswa ngendlela efisekayo, efinyeleleka futhi ephumelelayo. Lokhu kungcono kakhulu inzuzo enkulu yokuthuthukiswa kwezinsuku zanamuhla ngokwezindlela ezidlulile zamashumi eminyaka adlule. Yiqiniso, izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukiswa azihlinzeki ithuba lokushiya ngokuphelele izinhlelo zakudala, ezihlolwe kahle zokufundisa izingane zasenkulisa, kodwa, noma kunjalo, ukuqeqeshwa ngendlela entsha kunikeza umphumela omuhle wokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, cabangela ezinye zezindlela ezivame kakhulu nezisebenzayo zokuthuthukiswa kwentsha yasenkulisa.

Izindlela zokuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwezingane kusukela eminyakeni engu-0 kuya kweyine-4 Glen Doman

Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kweGlen Doman yezingane zangaphambi kwesikole ngokuyinhloko ihloswe ekufundiseni ingane ukuba ifunde. Abaningi ngesikhathi esifanayo bakhohlwe ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kweDoman, lokhu akuyona nje ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kwengane, kodwa futhi nokuthuthukiswa komzimba okusebenzayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo yengane kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono amaningi. Le ndaba ilula futhi ishesha ukugaya uma ingane isasebenza ngokomzimba.

Okuyinhloko yokufunda ukufunda nokubhala nge-encyclopedic ngokwemigomo kaGlen Doman yukuthi umuntu omdala, okwesikhashana nje (imizuzwana engu-1-2), unikeza ukubuka ingane ekhadini ngegama elilotshiwe, ngenkathi ebiza igama elilotshiwe. Njengomthetho, kunconywa ukubeka isithombe esifanayo eduze kwegama. Le mibhalo ibhalwe ezincwadini ezinkulu noma ezibomvu. Le ndlela incike ekutheni ingane ikhumbula igama lonke, futhi ayifundi ukufunda ngezilimi, njengoba indlela ejwayelekile yokufundisa iphakamisa.

Ukungalungi kwendlela kaGlen Doman.

Le ndlela iye yaphindwa kaningi ngabafundisi nabazali. Okokuqala, ingane yenza indima ekuqeqesheni - ibheka nje amakhadi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikhathi sokubuka amakhadi kuncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukungezwani akuhlali isikhathi eside. Okwesibili, inqubo yokwenza amakhadi idla isikhathi esiningi, idinga izinto eziningi ezengeziwe (amakhadibhodi, iphepha, amapende noma ukugcwalisa ama-cartridges wephrinta). Okwesithathu, kwakukhona ukuthambekela ukuthi ingane ayikhohlwe igama elibhalwe ekhadini, kodwa "aliqapheli" igama elifanayo eliboniswe kwenye indawo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwengane ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lukaMaria Montessori

Indlela kaMaria Montessori yasungulwa izingane ezineminyaka emithathu ubudala, kodwa abalandeli bakhe batusa ukusebenzisa le nqubo kancane kancane: lapho ingane ineminyaka engu-2-2.5 ubudala. Isimiso esiyinhloko salendlela yokuthuthukiswa kokuqala ukuthi ingane inikezwa ithuba lokuthola inkululeko ephelele yokuzikhethela. Umntwana ukhetha ngokuzimela ukuthi, kanjani nokuthi uzokwenza isikhathi esingakanani.

Ingane ayidingi ukuphoqeleka ukuba ifunde, idinga ukuba nesithakazelo. Indlela yeMontessori imelwe yi-complex ephelele yokuzivocavoca kusuka emisebenzini eminingi. Izindlela eziningi zokuzivocavoca zidinga ukulungiswa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo, izikhala ezihlukahlukene, izibalo, ozimele kanye nokufaka.

Ukufunda ukufunda ngeZaytsev cubes

Ngenxa yezinhlamvu ze-Zaitsev, izingane eziningi ziqala masinyane ukuzofunda: ezineminyaka emithathu nangeminyaka emibili ubudala. Iqoqo linikezwa kusuka kuma-cubes angu-52, lapho okugcinwa khona okugcinwa khona. Ukudlala ngedayisi, ingane yenza amagama ahlukene. Ama-cubes afanayo ahluka ngokuvolumu, umbala, isisindo, ukudlidliza kanye nomsindo we-filler. Ngaphezu kwama-cubes anikezwa ama-posters anezinqolobane ezidwetshiwe zokufunda nokuqhathaniswa. Ama-cubes amaningi, atholakalayo ukudayiswa, kufanele aqoqwe kuqala: aqoqwe, agxilwe futhi agcwaliswe nge-filler. Ukufundisa ingane ukuba ifunde ngosizo lwamagundane Zaitsev kudinga ukubekezela kubazali. Uma ulungele ukuhlanganyela njalo nomntanakho, khona-ke le nqubo iwukuba wena, uma kungenjalo - kungcono ukunikeza ingane esikhungweni esikhethekile sokuthuthukiswa, okufundisa ukufunda cubes Zaitsev.

Amageyimu ekuthuthukiseni kwezingane ekuqaleni ohlelweni lwe-Nikitin

I-Nikitin yomndeni, u-Elena Andreevna no-Boris Pavlovich, - empeleni, ama-classical of education and education. Babonisa isibonelo somndeni wabo omkhulu emikhathini yeSoviet, isibonelo esihle semfundo yomuntu ozimele ozivumelanisiwe.

Ngokusho komndeni wakwaNicitin, abazali bavame ukuvuma okubili: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyinhlangano eqinile, lapho abazali bezama kanzima ukuhlala nokujabulisa ingane, ngaleyo ndlela bangamniki ithuba lokuzimela; noma lokhu kuwukushiya ngokuphelele ingane, lapho abazali bezindaba ezijwayelekile zomkhaya zokugcinwa kwengane (ukuncelisa, ukuhlanza, ukulala, njll) bakhohlwe ukubaluleka kokuxhumana nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wemfundo, ngokusho kwendlela uNikitin, ukukhulisa amakhono okudala wengane, ukulungiselela kwakhe ukudala kwabantu abadala.

Imidlalo yokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo yomndeni wakwaNicitin ithandwa kakhulu. Bahlakulela ukucabanga kwengqondo kwengane, bafunde ukwenza izinqumo. Imidlalo enjalo iyatholakala ekuthengisweni futhi inconywa kubantwana abaneminyaka yobudala eyi-1,5. Umlobi wendlela yokuthuthukisa iphakamisa imithetho engu-14 yemidlalo, eyisithupha yayo ibhekwa njengesibopho. Imidlalo eyaziwa kakhulu "Gweba isikwele", "Fold iphethini", "Unicub" ne "Amachashazi", kanye nohlaka ne-liners Montessori.

Ukukhulisa nokuthuthukiswa kwengane ohlelweni lwe-Waldorf

Le ndlela yokuthuthukiswa kwengane yokuqala yaqala cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule eJalimane, umbhali wayo nguRudolf Steiner. Ngokwalolu lwazi, ingane ingakapheli iminyaka eyisikhombisa (ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokushintsha amazinyo okudoba) akufanele igcizelelwe ukufunda ukufunda nokubhala, kanye nokuzivocavoca okunengqondo. Kusencane kudingekile ukwembulula amandla okudala kanye nokomoya wengane nganoma iyiphi indlela. Umgomo oyinhloko ohlelweni lukaWaldorf: "Ubuntwana buphila ngokugcwele, okuyinto enhle!" Ingane ikhuliswa futhi ikhula ngokuvumelana nemvelo, ifunda ukwakha, ukuzwa nokuzwa umculo, ukudweba nokucula.

I-Technique yentuthuko yokuqala uCecil Lupan

UCecil Lupan ungumlandeli kaGlen Doman nezinye izindlela eziningi zokuthuthukiswa kwentuthuko. Njengoba eqoqe ulwazi lwakhe futhi washintsha izindlela zababengaphambi kwakhe, waqala "isu" lakhe lokuthuthukiswa kwengane ekuqaleni. Encwadini yakhe ethi "Believe in Child Your" utshela izeluleko nezinqumo zakhe mayelana nokukhuliswa kwengane. Isitatimende esiyinhloko sikaCecil Lupan: "Ingane ayidingi uhlelo lokucwaninga oluphoqeleka nsuku zonke."

Ukuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo yengane, ukufunda izincwadi kuye kubaluleke kakhulu. Umlobi wendlela yokufundisa uphakamisa ukufunda nokuchaza izindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezinganekwane. Ukwenza kube lula ukufunda izinhlamvu nezinombolo, udinga ukudweba isithombe ngencwadi kanye nencwadi. Isibonelo, encwadini "K" udweba ikati. Njengokwenqubo kaGlen Doman, uS. S. Lupan uncoma ukufundisa ingane ukuba ifunde ngosizo lwamakhadi. Kuphela lapha kulawa makhadi encwadi ayincoma ukuba abhale ngokubomvu, kodwa ngemibala ehlukene, noma kunalokho: izinhlamvu eziqhamukayo - ezimnyama, amakholomu - ngokubomvu, nalawo mahlamvu angabonakali - aluhlaza. Encwadini yakhe umbhali unikeza iseluleko esinemininingwane ngokufundisa ingane egibelayo, ukubhukuda, ukudweba, umculo, kanye nezilimi zangaphandle.

Ngomfushane mayelana nokuyinhloko

Ngakho-ke, namuhla kunezinqubo eziningi zokuthuthukisa izingane zasenkulisa, okuyinhloko ezichazwe kulesi sihloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona inani elanele lezinto ezisizayo zokuqeqeshwa ngalezi zindlela. Akuyona indawo yokugcina engxenyeni yomthombo wezinto zokufundisa ezise-Internet. Ukunquma ukwenza enye yezindlela ezingenhla, udinga ukucabanga kusengaphambili uhlelo nokulandelana kwamakilasi.

Ngomuntu siqu, ngiyinkimbinkimbi yamakilasi ngezindlela eziningana kanye nezinye izikhundla zesistimu ye-Waldorf. Mina, njengomzali, ngikholelwa ukuthi ingane idinga ukwakha isimo esihle sokuthuthukiswa okuphelele ebuntwaneni. Lokhu kuyoba yisisekelo esihle sokuqhubeka simfake njengomuntu. Noma kunjalo, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi ubuntwana buyinkathi yenjabulo nokungakhathaleli, futhi akudingekile ukuba ingane ikhumbule le nto ebuntwaneni obuhle. Isimiso sami esiyinhloko semfundo: yenza konke okunika injabulo nenjabulo kumntanami. Ngicabanga ukuthi abazali abaningi abanomthwalo wemfanelo bayovuma nami. Ukuphumelela kuwe kanye nezingane zakho ngolwazi lwezwe elizungezile, ngoba (izwe) lihle kangaka! Nikeza izwe elimibalabala futhi elinamabala amaningi kubantwana bakho!