Igama le-camellia genus lanikezwa ngokuhlonipha umpristi waseMoravia nomvelisi wemvelo uG. Camelius (iminyaka yokuphila: 1881 kuya ku-1706). Wayengowokuqala ukuletha lesi sitshalo ePhilippines eya eYurophu.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zekhamellias zithole ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi njengezitshalo ezihlobisa njalo, izitshalo zezimbali. Izitshalo zasendlini - amakhamela e-camellia asetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ingaphakathi, lapho edala ukukhangisa emapaki, izingadi, zokugcina izithombo.
Ezimweni zamakamelo camellias ziyaqhakaza futhi zingaba nezithelo ngokunakekelwa kahle. I-Camellia inzima ukukhula, uma ikhula ekhaya ekamelweni, ukukhanya okuncane, umswakama ophansi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nenhlabathi, engafanele isitshalo ngokubunjwa kwayo. I-Camellia ingaqhakaza ngisho nobusika, kanti izinga lokushisa alidluli ama-12 degrees. I-plant blooms isikhathi eside - izinyanga ezintathu. Imbali eyodwa ingahlala amasonto amane. I-Camellia, eyakhula njengesiko lesikamelo, ihlukaniswe izikhathi ezimbili zokukhula kwayo. Kusukela ngoFebhuwari amahlumela amasha aqala ukuboshwa, futhi ezinsukwini zasehlobo izinsuku eziqhamukayo zitshalo. Zizoqala ukukhula emva kokuvuna - ezinyangeni zentwasahlobo zonyaka ozayo.
UCamellia: ushiya.
I-Camellia - izimbali ezidinga ukukhanya okukhulu, kepha zahlukana. Kungcono ukukhula emafasiteleni ukusuka empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Uma ibhodlela lifakwa efasiteleni eliseningizimu, i-camellia kumele ivuliwe ekukhanyeni okuqondile. Ehlangothini olusenyakatho, isitshalo asinakho ukukhanya okwanele, futhi ngeke sikwazi ukukhula ngendlela evamile. Ukuze ugweme uhlangothi olulodwa lomqhele, lesi sitshalo kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi siphenduke ekukhanyeni. Kodwa lokhu akunakwenziwa uma inqubo yokuhluma iyaqhubeka. Uma uphazamisa ikamelali kuleli phuzu, lingalahla amafihledi. Ehlobo, i-camellia kufanele ifakwe emoyeni, kodwa indawo kufanele ivikelwe ekukhanyeni kwelanga ngqo.
Izitshalo zalolu hlobo lwehlobo ehlobo nasekuseni zikhetha ukushisa kwama-20-25 degrees. Ukuze uqale ukuhlakulela imifino, izinga lokushisa akufanele liwe ngaphansi kwe-21 gr. Ngokuqondene nenkathi yezimbali (ngoDisemba-Febhuwari), izinga lokushisa kumele libe ngu-10 degrees. Kodwa uma ephakeme, khona-ke i-camellia izohluma ekuqaleni, kodwa izimbali zizolahlekelwa izinga, kodwa ifihlekile ingawa. Usuku oluncane lokukhanya nokushisa kwama-degree ayisishiyagalombili - hhayi isithintelo ekubekeni kwembali efihlekile. I-Camellia iyadingeka ukuze umoya omusha ugeleza njalo.
Ehlobo, i-camellia kufanele isetshenziswe ngokulinganayo, kaningi nangokwengeziwe, kodwa kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi asigcwalisi leso sitshalo. Ebusika, uma okuqukethwe kwekhamela kuya embusweni opholile, manzi amanzi ngobumnene, ukuze ugweme ukondla i-substrate. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, amaqabunga azoba mnyama, kanti amaqabunga azowa. Uma ufisa ukuma umhlabathi ebhodweni, lesi sitshalo sizolahla amaqabunga. Kubi uma kune-calcium eningi emanzini.
I-Camellia idinga umswakama ophezulu emoyeni. Izimila kufanele zifafaze njalo futhi zibeke ama-peas kumagatsha anamanzi noma ubumba obunwetshiwe. Lapho lesi sitshalo siqhakaza, kufanele siphungulwe ngokucophelela, ukuze amanzi angangeni efihlekile.
Ngesinye isikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-21 i-camellia kufanele isondliwe ngamaminerali omanyolo (1glitre).
Ukuze lesi sitshalo sibe nezinqubo ezijwayelekile zokubunjwa kwezinso, umbuso wokukhanya ohola amahora angu-14 kanye nokushisa kwama-degrees angaba ngu-20 kuyadingeka. Uma lesi sitshalo sikhona ebumnyameni nasemazingeni okushisa aphansi, izimbali ngeke zibekiwe.
Lapho ziqhuma ngoDisemba, i-camellia kufanele igcinwe ekushiseni kwama-degree angu-10. Uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme, kungase kuvele izimbali ezincane, okuzokwenza kube nzima ukuthinta ubuhle bezimbali nobukhulu bawo. Ama-buds angawa ngisho nokuwa. Ngesizathu esifanayo, musa ukuhambisa isitshalo kwenye indawo ngalesi sikhathi.
Esikhathini kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaNovemba, kubalulekile ukucubungula amanye amahlumela ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula kwemifino ye-axillary yesitshalo.
Isitshalo esincane kumele sitshalwe njalo ngonyaka. I-Camellia, ehluma njalo ngonyaka, kumele ifakwe embizeni eyodwa kanye emva kweminyaka embalwa. Yenza lokhu entwasahlobo. Iziqongo emahlumela kufanele zihlulwe ukuze isitshalo siqale ukushayela kangcono. I-camellias, inhlabathi enezinga eliphezulu le-asidi (kuze kufike ku-5) liyadingeka.
Uma uqhathanisa i-camellia nezinye izitshalo ezisezindaweni eziphansi, i-camellia inekhono elihlukile lokukhula nokuzizwa kahle emhlabathini we-acid uhlobo (pH - ngezansi 4). I-substrate yesitshalo ingakhiwa yi-turf (1h.), I-Peat (2h), i-heath (2h) izinhlobo zezwe kanye nengxenye yesihlabathi. Izitshalo zangaphandle ezikhula emathanjeni kufanele zifakwe kancane kancane, kodwa umhlaba kufanele uchithe ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngezansi kufanele kube kuhlelwe kahle amanzi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamakamela.
- Imbewu emisha;
- Cuttings.
Uma zisakazwa ngembewu, kufanele zihlwanyelwe ezimbizeni eziphansi (kuze kufinyelele ku-7 cm), bese kuthi, ngokubonakala kweqabunga lesibili, - shiya embizeni enkulu.
Uma umgomo ukukhulisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo, kufanele ukuthi usakazwe yi-cuttings, ngoba ngokuphindaphinda kwenzalo zonke izici zezinhlobonhlobo zilahlekile. Abalimi bezinhlobo ze-varietal camellias, ngakho-ke bavame ukusabalaliswa ngosizo lwe-cuttings.
Ukuze kusakaze izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zekamela, izicucu zithathwa, ezingakaze zithole isikhathi sokukhula, ziyi-apical. Ubude bawo kufanele bube ngamasentimitha angu-8, izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi - ama-degree angu-24. Zisakazwe ekhiqiza ngoJulayi noJanuwari. Umhlaba we-cuttings kumele uhlanganise nesihlabathi, i-peat (ngokuyingxenye). Ukusika kufanele kube namaqabunga angama-5 athuthukile. Ukusika kufanele kuthathe izimpande zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbili. Kufanele baphucwe futhi baphuze. Ngaphambi kokutshala, banikezwe isikhathi eside sokuqothulwa kwabo, bangagxila kwisisombululo se-heteroauxin. Lapho lezi zinqunyiwe zisekelwe, kufanele zitshalwe ezimbizeni, zifinyelele ku-7 cm phezulu. Umhlaba kufanele uhlanganise isihlabathi, i-leaf leaf, i-sod, i-peat izinhlobo. Umgomo kufanele uwenziwe izithombo zaminyaka yonke noma ze-biennial, futhi kungenziwa ngezinsimbi ezisekelwe kakade. Ukuwaphuza kufanele kube luningi, futhi ukuvuthwa izinkuni, ukuchelela ngokushesha.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezingathathi izimpande kumele zande ngokuhlanganiswa. Yenza lokhu ngoJanuwari ngosizo lwamazinyo athuthukile kusukela phezulu kwamahlumela. Amagciwane kumele agcinwe ekushiseni kwama-degrees angu-20. Kumelwe zikhule ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Izitshalo ezincane zekamela kufanele ziphuze, zifafaze, zikhishwe ama-pritenyat, ziqede amahlumela amaningi. Ngonyaka wesibili, i-camellias kumele ifakwe emabhodini, kuze kube ngu-11 cm high.
Lapho unyaka wesithathu wesimanje ufika, lesi sitshalo kumele sitshalwe zibe izimbiza, kuze kube ngu-14 cm ububanzi. Kulesi simo, umhlaba kumele uhlelwe nge-sod, peat, sheet, izinhlobo ze-heath (izingxenye ezimbili ngasinye) nesihlabathi esisodwa.
Lesi sitshalo singalimaza isicabucabu se-spider, esingaphathwa ngosizo lwamalungiselelo alungiselelwe.